抑食肼对菜粉蝶幼虫和菜粉蝶黄绒茧蜂的毒力

室内测得抑食肼对３龄菜青虫的触杀毒力和胃毒毒力ＬＤ５０分别为５１．５３μｇ／ｇ和０．１１μｇ／ｇ;对菜粉蝶黄绒茧蜂成虫触杀毒力ＬＤ５０为９６４１．１２μｇ／ｇ,４００ｍｇ／ｌ的抑食肼引致该蜂幼虫死亡的８０．７％在田间该经对菜青虫表现很高的药效,体壁几丁质含量的测定表明,该药明显抑制菜青虫体壁几丁质的合成。     

溴甲烷对灰豆象检疫熏蒸处理试验

应用溴甲烷熏蒸剂对豆类中所携带的灰豆象Ｃａｌｏｓｏｂｒｕｃｈｕｓｐｈａｓｅｏｌｉ（Ｃｈｅｖｒｏｌａｔｅ）进行检疫熏蒸处理试验的结果表明，灰豆象对溴甲烷熏蒸剂耐药性较低。几种虫态相比之下，卵耐药性最低，蛹耐药性最强，而幼虫耐药性程度居于二者之间。在熏蒸处理平均温度为１８℃以下较低温度条件下熏蒸，卵和幼虫１０ｍｇ／Ｌ，１０ｈ；蛹１５ｍｇ／Ｌ、１０ｈ、１０ｍｇ／Ｌ，２４ｈ，其各虫态校正死亡率均可达１００％。在熏蒸处理平均温度为２６．５℃以上较高温度条件下熏蒸，卵５ｍｇ／Ｌ，１０ｈ、３ｍｇ／Ｌ，２４ｈ；幼虫５ｍｇ／Ｌ，２４ｈ及１０ｍｇ／Ｌ，１０ｈ；蛹１５ｍｇ／Ｌ，１０ｈ或１０ｍｇ／Ｌ，２４ｈ，以上各虫态校正死亡率也均可达１００％。     

菜豆象的生物学及防治初步研究

菜豆象Ａｃａｎｔｈｏｓｃｅｌｉｄｅｓｏｂｔｅｃｔｕｓ（Ｓａｙ）在碗町室内自然条件下每年发生７代，以老熟幼虫在豆粒内越冬。幼虫４龄，初孵幼虫的蛀入率与温、湿度有密切关系。成虫产卵对寄主豆粒有明显的选择性。寄主范围较广。室内危害深度可达１ｍ以上，为害造成的损失严重。经高温５５℃处理６０分钟、６０℃处理２０分钟、低温－１５Ｃ处理１８０分钟各虫态１００％死亡。于河沙和草木灰压盖能有效阻止成虫钻入产卵和幼虫钻入危害。草木灰拌种能有效杀死初孵幼虫。花生油、菜油和香茅油滴浸卵死亡率分别是５０．７％４４．７％和１００％；３种植物油拌种防虫的效果显著，其中以花生油的防效最佳，拌种５００天后再接虫幼虫，仍未能蛀入，且对豆类的发芽率无影响。磷化氢熏蒸，温度２６℃～２７℃、４８小时，卵、幼虫和蛹１００％死亡的浓度分别是０．７７２１ｍｇ／Ｌ、０．７６１５ｍｇ／Ｌ和１．３３４０ｍｇ／Ｌ；温度１５℃～２０℃、７２小时，卵、幼虫和蛹１００％死亡的浓度分别是０．４９８４ｍｇ／Ｌ、０．３８６０ｍｇ／Ｌ和０．７６８０ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

菜田常用杀虫剂对小菜蛾及菜蛾绒茧蜂的选择毒杀作用

在室内测定了９种菜田常用杀虫剂对小菜蛾幼虫及其主要天敌菜蛾绒茧蜂成虫和茧的毒性。结果表明,应用厂家推荐田间防治小菜蛾的使用浓度,对小菜蛾的杀虫效果锐劲特、Ｂｔ、虫螨光可达１００％,生物复合病毒杀虫剂、宝路和抑太保可达９５％以上,杀虫双达８０％,而氰戊菊酯和万灵对小菜蛾的杀虫效果较差,供试幼虫最终化蛹率分别达７０．０％和７８．３％。让菜蛾绒茧蜂成虫接触厂家推荐浓度的药膜,接触杀虫双２小时后的死亡率即达８０％以上;１２小时后,接触锐劲特的死亡率即达１００％;２４小时后,接触万灵和杀虫双的累计死亡率达９０％以上,接触宝路和氰戊菊酯的约５０％,而接触抑太保、Ｂｔ、虫螨光和生物复合病毒杀虫剂的累计死亡率均在２０％以下,和对照无显著差异。作者认为在菜蛾绒茧蜂等天敌较为丰富的季节,虫螨光、Ｂｔ、生物复合病毒杀虫剂、宝路和抑太保应属防治小菜蛾优先选用的杀虫剂,锐劲特则主要应在小菜蛾大发生、而天敌又很少时应用。     

溴甲烷熏蒸检疫处理柚和红桔上的桔大实蝇

溴甲烷常压熏蒸柚和红桔上的桔大实蝇幼虫Ｂａｃｔｒｏｃｅｒａ（Ｔｅｔｒａｄａｃｕｓ）ｃｉｔｒｉ（Ｃｈｅｎ），经重复试验结果表明：温度为１４～１６℃，溴甲烷５６ｇ／ｍ３，熏蒸２小时，死亡率１００％（装载量５０％）；温度２２～２４℃，涅甲烷４０ｇ／ｍ３，熏蒸２小时，死亡率１００％（装载量５０％）。     

芹菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒毒力的生物测定

利用芹菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒室内感染２龄小菜蛾、棉铃虫和甜菜夜蛾，测得ＬＣ５０分别为２．４７×１０６、７．９６×１０５和２．２２×１０５ＰＩＢ／ｍｌ。以４．２２×１０７和４．２２×１０６ＰＩＢ／ｍｌ两种浓度感染小菜蛾、棉铃虫和甜菜夜蛾等２龄幼虫，测得ＬＴ５０，小菜蛾分别为６．１５和７．３２天，棉铃虫分别为８．２０和１１．３７天，甜菜夜蛾分别为５．５３和７．２０天。致死时间均随感染浓度增加而减少。     

抗虫威对稻纵卷叶螟的增效作用测定

用浸渍法测定２０％抗虫威水剂和２０％杀虫双水剂对稻纵卷叶螟四轮的毒回归方程分别为Ｙ＝２．９５６１＋１．０５５０Ｘ和Ｙ＝２．Ｄ４９９１＋１．０３３７Ｘ，ＬＣ５０分别为８６．５８ｍｇ／Ｌ和２６６．８７ｍｇ／Ｌ。利用杀虫双有效成分加入增剂研制成的抗虫毒力提高了２．０８倍，获得了显著的增效作用。     

鱼藤根提取物对果菜害虫活性与药效研究

鱼藤根粉的溶剂提取物对蔬菜，果树，烟草等作物主要害虫的作用活性和药效进行测定的结果表明，其提取物害虫具有强烈的触杀，拒食和致畸等作用，鱼藤精乳油对害虫的触杀ＬＣ５０（致死中浓度，ｍｇ／Ｌ，下同）是：柑桔红蜘蛛４．６３；菜青虫３４．５３，萝卜蚜１６．８３，桃蚜５７．２９；萝卜蚜和桃蚜混合种群２３．４１，桔蚜１０．２４。鱼藤根粉各溶剂提取物对菜青虫幼虫ＬＣ５０是：丙酮３３．２６，乙醇３４．５１，苯３９     

磷化铝对灰豆象的熏蒸处理试验

采用不同剂量的磷化铝,在不同处理时间,不同温度下对灰豆象进行熏节省,灰豆象对磷化铝水解后产生的磷化氢气体较敏感,耐药性较低。在３０℃以下,成虫０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ,３天或０．３ｍｇ／Ｌ,２天,卵０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ,３天或０．３ｍｇ／Ｌ,２天或０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ,１天,幼虫０．１／ｍｇ／Ｌ,４天或０．３ｍｇ／Ｌ,３天或０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ,２天;蛹０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ,５天或０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ,４天均可被杀死。在２９．５℃以上。     

克幼脲对玉米螟的毒力和药效测定

本文研究了苯甲酰基苯脲类化合物克幼脲对玉米螟的毒力及药效。室内测定表明，克幼脲对玉米螟低龄幼虫的胃毒毒力ＬＣ_５０＝２．３９ｍｇ／ｋｇ，对玉米螟卵也表现了一定的抑制效应；田间试验证明，克幼脲复配４号对玉米螟的防效达９４．２％。     

Insect growth regulators as potential insecticides to control olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae Rossi): insect toxicity bioassays and molecular docking approach

BACKGROUND: Olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), is a key pest in olive orchards, causing serious economic damage. To date, the pest has already developed resistance to the insecticides commonly applied to control it. Thus, in searching for new products for an accurate resistance management programme, targeting the ecdysone receptor (EcR) might provide alternative compounds for use in such programmes. RESULTS: Residual contact and oral exposure in the laboratory of B. oleae adults to the dibenzoylhydrazine‐based compounds methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide and RH‐5849 showed different results. Methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide did not provoke any negative effects on the adults, but RH‐5849 killed 98‐100% of the treated insects 15 days after treatment. The ligand‐binding domain (LBD) of the EcR of B. oleae (BoEcR‐LBD) was sequenced, and a homology protein model was constructed. Owing to a restricted extent of the ligand‐binding cavity of the BoEcR‐LBD, docking experiments with the three tested insecticides showed a severe steric clash in the case of methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide, while this was not the case with RH‐5849. CONCLUSION: IGR molecules similar to the RH‐5849 molecule, and different from methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide, might have potential in controlling this pest. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

茶扦插苗根腐性苗枯病菌腐皮镰孢生物学特性研究

 茶扦插苗根腐性苗枯病菌腐皮镰孢生长温度范围10~35℃,最适生长温度25℃;在27~31.5℃下培养时,RH 96%产孢量最大;孢子发芽率则以在30℃和RH 100%、25~27℃和p H 5.6~8.1时较高。黑暗、日光灯及黑暗与散光交替处理对菌丝生长和产孢无明显差异,但紫外灯处理可使菌丝生长显著减慢。孢子致死温度58℃ 10 min。室温下病菌在病残体中可存活18个月以上。该菌能利用多种单糖、双糖及醇类作碳源和利用L-胱氨酸、草酸铵、尿素、DL-α-氨基丙酸作氮源。L-赖氨酸不适于病菌生长和产孢。     

桃小食心虫病原菌—球孢白僵菌TST05菌株生物学特性研究

[目的]研究从自然染病的桃小食心虫幼虫上分离的球孢白僵菌TST05菌株的生物学特性.[方法]测定不同培养基、外界不同温度和湿度对该菌株菌丝营养生长及孢子萌发的影响.[结果]该菌株在PDA、PPDA、SDAY、SMAY 4种培养基上均生长良好,菌落厚而致密,产孢量均大于3.95×107孢子/mL;菌株适应的温度和湿度范围宽,15～30℃之间,RH 30 ％～100％之间孢子均可萌发、生长和产孢.随着温度接近25℃、湿度增大,孢子的萌发率、菌落的生长速率和产孢量都显著增加.15℃、RH 100％时产孢量为1.32× 107孢子/mL;25℃、RH 30％时,产孢量也能达到1.37×107孢子/mL;25℃、RH 100％时产孢量达到6.19×107孢子/mL.15℃、RH 100％孢子萌发率为52.28％;25℃、RH＞80％时,孢子萌发率都能达到90％以上.[结论]TST05菌株能适应北方干旱低温条件,可开发成为防治桃小食心虫的生物制剂.     

不同温度下新蚜虫疠霉对桃蚜的毒力测定

在15、18、21、25、28℃温度下,将新蚜虫疠霉应用孢子浴法对1～2龄桃蚜进行毒力测定,各处理温度分别设10个剂量,每剂量处理蚜虫60～120头,逐日观察记载蚜虫死亡数量。结果表明,新蚜虫疠霉具有较强杀蚜虫特性,其致病性在25℃时达最佳效果。接种后的前2d为新蚜虫疠霉的潜伏期,接种后3～4d为对桃蚜的致死高峰期。在温度15、18、21、25、28℃下,接种60min后,新蚜虫疠霉对桃蚜的LT₅₀值分别为3.0、3.7、2.8、2.53、.9 d。     

Sporulation of Bremia lactucae Affected by Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Wind in Controlled Conditions

ABSTRACT The effects of temperature (5 to 25 degrees C), relative humidity (81 to 100%), wind speed (0 to 1.0 m s(-1)), and their interactions on sporulation of Bremia lactucae on lettuce cotyledons were investigated in controlled conditions. Sporulation was affected significantly (P < 0.0001) by temperature, with an optimum at 15 degrees C, and by relative humidity (RH), with sporulation increasing markedly at RH >/= 90%. There was a significant effect of exposure time in relation to temperature (P = 0.0007) but not to RH. In separate experiments, both RH and wind speed significantly (P < 0.0001) affected the number of cotyledons with sporulation and the number of sporangia produced per cotyledon. No sporulation was observed at wind speeds of >0.5 m s(-1), regardless of RH. In still air, the number of sporangiophores produced per cotyledon increased linearly with RH from 81 to 100% (P = 0.0001, r = 0.98). Histological observations indicated that sporulation may be affected by stomatal aperture in response to RH, as more closed stomata and correspondingly fewer sporangiophores were present at lower RH. These results are important for understanding the mechanism of RH effects on sporulation and for predicting conditions conducive to downy mildew development.     

温度对以二斑叶螨为食的尼氏真绥螨生长发育的影响

在19、22、25、28、31℃和RH为80%的组合下,以二斑叶螨为食料,测定尼氏真绥螨[Euseius nicholsi(Eha-ra et Lee)]各螨态的发育历期,分析发育速率与温度的关系。结果表明,全世代的发育历期在19℃条件下最长(8.96 d),在31℃条件下最短(3.99 d);在19～28℃范围内,各螨态的发育历期随温度的升高而缩短,而在28～31℃范围内,除卵期外,其他螨态的发育历期随着温度的升高而略有延长,但差异并不显著。全世代的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为8.59℃和83.33日.度。分别采用线性日度模型和Logistic模型拟合温度与发育速率的关系,其中Logistic模型能更好地反映出尼氏真绥螨在高温下发育受到抑制的现象。     

Effect of Microclimate on Leveillula taurica Powdery Mildew of Sweet Pepper

ABSTRACT Sweet pepper-Leveillula taurica microclimate relations were studied under controlled conditions and in commercial greenhouses. Conidial germination occurred at 10 to 37 degrees C and was optimal at 20 degrees C. Conidial viability declined as temperatures increased to 40 degrees C for 6 h. Leaf colonization was optimal at 15 to 25 degrees C. Severe leaf infections occurred at 15 to 20 degrees C and conidiation was suppressed at 20 to 25 degrees C. Highest germination rates were observed at 75 to 85% relative humidity (RH). Severity of leaf coverage by symptoms was high for plants which were subjected to longer periods of temperatures between 10 to 15 degrees C and daytime RH between 85 to 95%, and positively correlated with nighttime RH. Disease severity was negatively correlated with lengthy periods of temperatures >25 degrees C, day and night average temperatures, and average daytime RH. Conversely, leaf shedding was relatively high under conditions characterized by long periods of temperatures >20 degrees C and <13 degrees C, and positively correlated with average daytime temperatures and periods of RH <75%. Increasing nighttime temperatures by heating and daytime temperatures by closing the greenhouse side walls reduced disease in two commercial greenhouse experiments. A midseason shift from a cooler greenhouse climate to warm daytime climate halted epidemic development. Flower number and yield were reduced in infected crops.     

Cytochrome P-450 Inducers and Inhibitors Interfering with Ecdysone 20-Monooxygenases and Their Activities during Postembryonic Development of Neobellieria bullata Parker

The cytochrome P-450-dependent microsomal and mitochondrial ecdysone 20-monooxygenase systems convert ecdysone into 20-hydroxyecdysone. The microsomal fraction of fat bodies of zero h wandering stage fleshfly larvae (Neobellieria bullata; Diptera: Sarcophagidae) has a high ecdysone 20- monooxygenase activity. The effects of cytochrome P-450 inhibitors were investigated in vitro on microsomal ecdysone 20-monooxygenase. Metyrapone, fenarimol and certain imidazole derivatives (KK-42, KK-110, KK-135 and PIM) are strong inhibitors. The IC₅₀ value of KK-110, which is the strongest inhibitor, is 2 × 10^?7 M. A triazolyl and two cyclopropylamine derivatives have low activity. The activities of different NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) reductase inhibitors were also assessed; diquat dibromide is a moderate inhibitor of microsomal ecdysone 20-monooxygenase, while paraquat dichloride has no activity. In-vivo experiments with cytochrome P-450 inducers and inhibitors gave the following results: (a) fenarimol, FI-121, precocene-2 caused “permanent” first-instar larvae; (b) barbital, phenobarbital and their sodium salts caused significant delay in larval development; (c) PIM, PTM, metyrapone, KK-42, KK-135, J-2710, RH 5849 and colchicine caused moulting disturbances; (d) J-2710, PIM, PTM, KK-42, KK-135, RH 5849 and colchicine caused lethal spiracle and mandible malformation; (e) KK-110, fenarimol, barbital and phenobarbital caused precocious pupariation.     

The effect of IKI-7899, a new chitin synthesis inhibitor,on larvae ofTribolium castaneum andSpodoptera littoralis

The effect of IKI-7899 and diflubenzuron on larval development and emergence ofTribolium castaneum and ofSpodoptera littoralis was determined. The LC₅₀ of IKI-7899 at adult emergence ofT. castaneum larvae fed the compound in their diet and the ED₅₀ of S.littoralis larvae treated topically were approximately one-sixth those of diflubenzuron.     

穿山龙黑斑病病原菌鉴定及其生物学研究

 In recent years, Yam black spot caused by Alternaria dioscoreae Vasant Rao became more prevalent throughout the hill yam growing area in the east part of Liaoning province, China. Study of biological characteristics of the pathogen showed that the optimal temperature and pH for its colony growth were 25-30℃ and 6-8 respectively; the optimal temperature, RH, pH and carbon source for conidium germination were 20-25℃,100%,6-7 and saccharose respectively. The conidium lethal temperature was 48℃.