陕西省农药使用现状与减量化路径思考

从陕西省农药使用现状出发,全面分析了农药使用中存在的问题。在分析推进农药减量使用技术制约因素的基础上,提出了农药减量使用的技术路径和推进农药减量使用的保障措施建议。     

培养高素质农药使用者是农药安全使用的关键因素

农药的安全使用日益成为备受关注的问题,分析了农药使用者在安全使用农药中的作用,据此提出了培养高素质农药使用者并对之正确引导和监督是做到农药安全使用的关键因素。     

完善法规制度建设,创新农药管理措施——山东省农药市场与使用管理经验探讨

本文分析了山东省农药生产、经营、使用现状,解释了农药经营告知公示与剧毒、高毒农药限制区域销售、使用"两项制度",介绍了完善法规制度建设、启动补贴支持项目、探索农药使用风险监控、推荐登记农药使用等方法和措施,探讨了全面管理农药的新经验。     

抓农药规范管理 保农产品质量安全加强蔬菜用药安全监管

2009—2011年为全国农药市场监管年,特别将高毒农药列为农药监管整治的重中之重。农业部针对高毒农药的生产、销售、使用及时出台了一系列的禁限用政策。为进一步切实加强贵州省农药市场监管工作,杜绝国家禁用的高毒农药在贵州省的销售和使用以及限用高毒农药的科学使用,采取农药的规范化管理、抓农药的安全使用培训等多种有效措施。强力推进农药的监管工作,取得了良好效果,保障了农业生产的安全和农产品质量安全。     

农药的规范化管理和安全用药

2009-2011年为全国农药市场监管年．将高毒农药列为农药监管整治的重中之重农业部针对高毒农药的生产、销售、使用,及时出台了一系列的禁限用政策。为进一步加强贵州省农药市场监管工作．杜绝国家禁用的高毒农药在贵州省的销售和使用以及限用高毒农药的科学使用,近年来,贵州省采取农药的规范化管理和抓农药的安全使用培训等多种有效措施．强力推进农药的监管工作．取得了良好效果．保障了农业生产的安全和农产品质量安全。     

构建农药使用风险评价指标体系方法探讨

建立科学的评价指标体系是开展农药使用风险评价的关键,对指导科学合理用药、科学管理农药具有重要意义。笔者从评价基础性指标、农民对农药的认知与态度的风险评估指标、农药使用行为过程风险评价指标等方面探讨了农药使用风险评价的指标体系,旨在提升对农药使用风险的评估能力,降低农药使用风险,为涉及农药生产、销售、使用和管理的相关人员提供科学系统的分析方法和风险研判指标。     

湖北省农药废弃物现状及科学处置的对策

农药的安全有效使用是实现农业增产、粮食丰收的重要保障.湖北是农药使用大省,常年用药量达5万t之多,每年通过农药的有效使用,实现“虫口夺粮”500万t.大量农药使用也产生了大量的农药废弃物,这些农药废弃物由于没有科学管理和及时处置带来了系列环境污染问题和安全隐患问题.     

浅谈农药的混合使用

农药的混合使用是一个普遍关心的问题,合理的农药混合使用即能节约劳力又能提高防治效果。本文首先从6个方面谈了农药的混合使用的优点,然后阐叙了农药混合使用应注意的5个问题。     

推动化肥农药减量使用的途径与措施

化肥农药的过多使用不但造成了环境污染,农药残留物也给人们的健康埋下了隐患。因此,从健康绿色的角度出发,我们要推动化肥农药减量使用。文章从化肥农药使用现状着手,分析了化肥农药减量使用的重要途径,以及化肥农药减量使用的措施。     

宁夏黄花菜主要病虫害现状及用药建议

本文调查了宁夏黄花菜病虫害发生现状、农药使用情况、农药登记现状,分析了黄花菜生产中农药使用存在的问题,旨在为加快黄花菜专用农药登记、规范农药使用、提高黄花菜产品质量安全奠定基础。     

浅议提高蔬菜上生物农药使用效率的制约因素及对策

介绍了蔬菜用生物农药的分类,通过对生物农药在蔬菜上的作用机理分析,指出制约生物农药使用效率的因素:农药的选择、施用条件的控制、施用技术的选用等,并提出了相应的解决对策。     

Farmer perceptions and pesticide use practices in vegetable production in Ghana

As an initial part of a programme aimed at promoting safe and sound agricultural practices in Ghana, a study was made of farmers' perceptions of pesticides for use and application in vegetable production, using a small survey of 137 farmers who applied pesticides. Field surveys, interviews, questionnaires and analytical games were used to obtain information on the type, scope and extent of use of pesticides, farmers' knowledge of pesticides, and their perceptions about the chemicals' potential for harm. Data from this sample of farmers were used to describe the status of use of pesticides in vegetable cultivation in Ghana. Using chi2 tests, associations between farmers' age and possible pesticide poisoning symptoms, their farm size and method of spraying pesticides, and their perception of pesticide hazard and its perceived effectiveness against pests were also examined. The survey showed that knapsack sprayers were the most widely used type of equipment for spraying pesticides. However, on large-scale vegetable farms of 6-10 acres, motorised sprayers were also used. Various inappropriate practices in the handling and use of pesticides caused possible poisoning symptoms among those farmers who generally did not wear protective clothing. Younger farmers (<45 years of age) were the most vulnerable group, probably because they did more spraying than older farmers (>45 years of age). Farmers did not necessarily associate hazardous pesticides with better pest control. The introduction of well-targeted training programmes for farmers on the need for and safe use of pesticides is advocated.     

Jointness in farmers' decision to apply pesticides in multiple crops and its determinants at the farm level in Bangladesh

Decision about pesticide application for pest control is an issue of major concern, but research on factors affecting decision-making is limited. This study investigates jointness in farmers' decision to apply pesticides in multiple crops and socio-economic determinants of pesticide use across crops using a survey of 2083 farms from 17 districts in Bangladesh applying a multivariate Tobit model. Overall, 75.4% and 12.7% of the farmers applied pesticides in one and two crops, respectively. The decision to apply pesticides in multiple crops was found to be negatively correlated, providing evidence of jointness. Also, individual socio-economic factors exerted variable influences on pesticide use in different crops. Output price significantly increases pesticide use whereas the influence of fertilizer price and labour wage is varied. Educated farmers use significantly more pesticides in rice and oilseed. Marginal and small farmers use significantly less pesticides in wheat/maize and pulse. Policy implications include price policies to reduce fertilizer prices and engaging agricultural extension agencies and non-governmental organizations to disseminate information on specific crop combinations which will synergistically reduce pesticide use.     

正确认识化学农药的问题

针对当前我国农药使用中存在的一些主要问题作了详细地分析,其中有些属于基本概念,应须统一认识,但很多属于农药使用中实际操作如何规范化的问题。文中提出了解决问题的一些建议和措施。     

我国化学农药使用的生态风险性及其减少对策

本文根据全国农药生产使用现状，分析了其对环境所引起的生态风险性，提出了我国化学农药使用量减少的目标与对策     

浅谈我国的农药与粮食安全

本文论述了农药在现代农业中保障粮食安全的重要作用;分析了农药生产和使用存在的主要问题,以及农药应用风险对粮食安全的负效应;提出了加大农药监控力度,控制和削减化学农药,加快生物农药发展步伐,提高科学使用农药的实施意见。     

Current- and past-use pesticide prevalence in drainage ditches in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley

BACKGROUND: Pesticide application is common in agriculture and often results in applied pesticides entering adjacent aquatic systems. This study seasonally analyzed a suite of 17 current‐ and past‐use pesticides in both drainage waters and sediments to evaluate the prevalence of pesticides in drainage ditches across the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (LMAV). RESULTS: There were significantly higher concentrations (P < 0.05) of current‐use than past‐use pesticides; however, there were consistently high numbers of detections of past‐use pesticides in sediments. Sediment pesticide concentrations were an order of magnitude higher (150–1035 µg kg^?1) than water samples (6–20.9 µg L^?1). Overall, 87% of all samples analyzed for current‐ and past‐use pesticides were non‐detects. p,p′‐DDT was detected in 47.5% of all drainage waters and sediments sampled. There were significant correlations (0.372 ≥ r²≤0.935) between detected current‐use water and sediment concentrations, but no significant correlations between past‐use water and sediment concentrations. CONCLUSION: Overall, there was a high percentage (87%) of sediment and water samples that did not contain detectable concentrations above the lower limit of analytical detection for each respective pesticide. This lack of pesticide prevalence highlights the improved conditions in aquatic systems adjacent to agriculture and a potential decrease in toxicity associated with pesticides in agricultural landscapes in the LMAV. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Separation of pesticides,related compounds,polychlorobiphenyls and other pollutants into four groups by silica-gel microcolumn chromatography (application to surface water analysis)

Multi-residue analyses of pesticides and related compounds generally require clean-up procedures for the elimination of interfering substances. An analytical procedure for use in the recovery and determination of pesticides and other pollutants in water samples is described, in which the purification of the extracts is improved by the separation of pesticides into four groups. The separation of pesticides by silica-gel microcolumn chromatography is explained in detail.     

苦参在农药中的研究与应用

本文介绍了苦参碱生物农药的杀虫机理及其杀虫特点，为了取代高毒农药做了有益的尝试。     

农药对蜜蜂的影响及毒理学机制研究进展

农药在现代农业生产中发挥着积极作用,但是农药使用不当则会对重要授粉昆虫如蜜蜂等造成负面影响。本文主要围绕农药对蜜蜂的急性毒性、亚致死剂量农药对蜜蜂生长发育和行为的影响,农药对蜜蜂的联合作用,以及新烟碱类杀虫剂与蜜蜂烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体的相互作用、农药对蜜蜂毒性差异的机理、农药对蜜蜂解毒代谢相关酶活性及其他生理生化指标的影响、植物化学物质在调控蜜蜂对农药耐受性中的作用等方面的研究进展进行了综述,以期为农药的合理使用及提高其对蜜蜂的安全性提供参考。