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从采集的样本中发现马铃薯癌肿病的休眠孢子囊超过子已报道的形态大小,防腐浸渍液处理后休眠孢子囊平均大小缩小50%以上。 相似文献
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马铃薯是美姑县首要粮食作物,常年种植6万亩左右,收成好坏对当地彝族人民生产生活关系极大。1979年发现马铃薯癌肿病,大面积危害损失常在30~40%,重病地基本无收,薯块病组织大量消耗养料,不能积蓄淀粉,大大地降低了食用、 相似文献
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马铃薯癌肿病(Potato wart)又名黑瘤病、黑痂病,群众俗称"疙瘩洋芋".病菌(属鞭毛菌亚门真菌)以休眠孢子囊在病组织内或随病残体遗落在土壤中越冬.休眠孢子囊抗逆性很强,可在土壤中存活25 a左右,遇适宜的条件,萌发产生游动孢子和合子,从寄主表皮细胞侵入. 相似文献
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马铃薯癌肿病 Synchytriumendobioticum(Schilb.)Perc.,是严重为害马铃薯生产的世界性检疫病害,1895年匈牙利首先报道,以后欧、美、亚、非、大洋等5州53个国家相继作了报道。在这些国家的发病区,常使马铃薯产量损失占总收获量的50%以上,个别重病地甚至无 相似文献
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贵州六盘水市马铃薯癌肿病的发生与防治初报 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
六盘水市位于贵州高原的西部,全市大部分为高海拔地区,1800m 以上的高寒山区约占30%左右,马铃薯是全市的主要夏粮作物,也是高寒山区人民的口粮。近年来全市栽培面积达47万多亩,占夏粮播种面积的50%左右,总产占夏粮的一半以上,占全市粮食总产的10%左右。主产区 相似文献
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进一步较系统地研究了马铃薯癌肿病的生物学特性、宏观与微观危害特征及在我国的病害发展。对马铃薯块茎休眠芽癌肿病的早期(潜伏期)诊断、土壤休眠孢子囊及其活力测定等快速检测方法与技术进行了研究并取得预期结果。 相似文献
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马铃薯癌肿病发病原因与防治对策 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
马铃薯癌肿病(Potato wart)又名黑瘤病、黑痂病.被当地群众称为\"疙瘩洋芋\",是一种危险性、毁灭性的真菌病害,属国际国内植物检疫对象.植株感病后,块茎不能食用,同时也不能用作饲料,给马铃薯生产造成极大的损失. 相似文献
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前言在苏格兰约有1万公顷的可耕地,受与马铃薯癌肿病 Synchytrium endobioticum(Schilb.)Perc.有关的政府规定管理。这些规定(1912~1973年)对于在发生癌肿病的土地上种植马铃薯进行了限制,并把这些土地登记为“立案地”。在这些立案地上过去是准许种植经农业部批准的马铃薯癌肿病免疫品种的,但自从1973年法令公布后,就不许种植马铃薯了,而对于这个农场的其它土地(称作“安全地带”)也只 相似文献
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P.?H.?J.?F.?van den?Boogert "author-information "> "author-information__contact u-icon-before "> "mailto:p.h.j.f.van.den.boogert@minlnv.nl " title= "p.h.j.f.van.den.boogert@minlnv.nl " itemprop= "email " data-track= "click " data-track-action= "Email author " data-track-label= " ">Email author M.?P.?E.?van?Gent-Pelzer P.?J.?M.?Bonants S.?H.?De?Boer J.?G.?N.?Wander C.?A.?Lévesque G.?C.?M.?van?Leeuwen R.?P.?Baayen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2005,113(1):47-57
PCR-based methods were developed for the detection and quantification of the potato pathogen Synchytrium endobioticum in soil extracts and in planta. PCR primers, based on the internal transcribed spacer region of the multi-copy gene rDNA were tested for specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility in conventional and real-time PCR assays. Soil extraction procedures compared included the Hendrickx centrifugation (HC) procedure, nested wet sieving (NWS) and a method used by the Plant Protection Service (PPS). The primers amplified a 472 bp product from S. endobioticum DNA, but did not amplify DNA from other potato pathogens, other plant pathogens, and related species. Standard cell disruption and DNA extraction and purification methods were optimized for amplification of S. endobioticum DNA from resting sporangia. DNA was successfully amplified from a single sporangium and equivalent DNA preparations from soil extracts. Low levels of target DNA in water did not amplify, possibly due to DNA loss during final purification steps. A real-time PCR assay, developed for soil-based extracts using primers and probe based on the rDNA gene sequences, involved co-amplification of target DNA along with an internal DNA fragment. Both conventional and real-time PCR methods performed well with HC- and NWS-extracts having a threshold sensitivity of 10 sporangia per PCR assay. Of the three soil extraction methods, only with the HC method could 100 g soil samples be efficiently processed in one single PCR assay. Such a high capacity assay could be useful for routine soil analysis in respect to disease risk assessments and to secure de-scheduling according to EPPO guidelines. 相似文献
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Four field populations of the nematode Globodera pallida were subjected to selection pressure for increased reproductive ability by rearing sub-populations continuously on four partially resistant potato genotypes for 12 generations. The resistance was derived from either Solanum vernei or from S. tuberosum spp. andigena CPC2802. After the 12th generation the original and sub-populations of nematodes were assessed for their reproductive ability on a susceptible genotype and on each of the partially resistant genotypes. Selection pressure was shown to have increased reproductive ability but the increases were specific to the source of resistance used. The average increase on the ex S. vernei clones was from 11% reproduction by the unselected populations to 35·5% reproduction after selection. On the clones derived from CPC2802, which had higher levels of resistance, the increases were larger with an average of 6·6% reproduction for the unselected but 47·4% reproduction after selection. The response to selection differed amongst the initial field populations with some rates of reproduction increased to as much as 79%. A RAPD based analysis of the original and sub-populations after selection indicated small but consistent changes in the genetic structure, which could have been a result of the selection pressure per se and/or the bottlenecks that the populations had gone though. 相似文献
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The impact of increasing temperatures on the population dynamics of the soil-dwelling nematode Globodera pallida, a persistent and economically important pest of potatoes, was investigated. The reproductive factor (final population⁄initial population) and length of life cycle were found to be temperature sensitive. Pot experiments performed over 4 months allowed comparison of the effect on development of G. pallida of two temperature regimes: an average temperature comparable to current field conditions (14.3 °C) and an average temperature above current field conditions (17.3 °C). A larger second generation of juveniles was observed at 17.3 °C compared to 14.3 °C. Multiplication of G. pallida at field sites in Shropshire and East Lothian (average soil temperatures of 15.5 and 14.1 °C, respectively, during potato cropping) was also examined. A quantitative PCR assay and visual examination of roots were used to monitor the dynamics of the G. pallida populations in both field sites at 4-weekly intervals. Four cultivars, Desirée, Cara, Maris Piper and Estima, were grown with and without nematicide treatments. Nematicide treatments suppressed population increases at both sites. Females were observed on the roots of cvs Cara and Desirée at the end of the growing season in Shropshire, but not at East Lothian, and are likely to represent a second generation. 相似文献
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Potato cyst nematodes (PCN) are economically important pests of potato plants worldwide that can result in yield losses exceeding 80%, with an estimated cost of £50 million annually in the United Kingdom alone. The life cycle of PCN, and in particular the hatching of eggs and development and survival of juveniles, is sensitive to temperatures in the soil. Despite this fact, relatively little is known about temperatures inside potato drills and how these may differ to temperatures in the surrounding soil. We monitored the temperature inside potato drills at 19 sites across the United Kingdom and used a published temperature-driven process-based PCN life cycle model to compare predictions of PCN population dynamics driven by these temperatures to predictions based on modelled soil temperatures derived from the HadUK-Grid climate. We found that mean soil temperatures derived from the climate model were lower than those observed inside potato drills; thus, using temperatures measured directly in potato drills resulted in increased estimates of population growth and shorter estimated generation times than when using modelled soil temperatures. This finding suggests that greater understanding of the temperature inside potato drills is required if we are to make accurate predictions about the effects of temperature on PCN populations. 相似文献
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L. J. M. F. Den Nijs C. A. M. Lock 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1990,96(3):179-186
A method has been developed to quantify species ratios in mixed populations. The method is based on the separation of species-specific thermostable proteins by SDS-PAGE. Densitometric analyses of the 17 kD protein ofGlobodera pallida and the 18 kD protein ofG. rostochiensis revealed a high correlation (R
2=0.93) with the species ratio in the mixed samples. Within the limits of 10 to 90% of each species, one can estimate with 95% reliability the species composition with 3 to 6% deviation.Samenvatting Een methode is ontwikkeld om de samenstelling van soortenmengsels vanGlobodera rostochiensis enG. pallida te kwantificeren. Bij deze methode wordt gebruik gemaakt van de soort-specifieke thermostabiele eiwitten die met behulp van SDS-PAGE gescheiden worden. De kleurintensiteit van het 17 kD eiwit vanG. pallida en het 18 kD eiwit vanG. rostochiensis is per gel-laan bepaald m.b.v. een densitometer en heeft een lineair verband met de soortsverhouding in de mengsels (R
2=0.93). Binnen het bereik van 10 tot 90% van elke soort kan men met deze ijklijn met 95% betrouwbaarheid de soortsamenstelling bepalen op 3 tot 6% nauwkeurig. 相似文献
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Multiplex polymerase chain reaction was used to identify the potato cyst nematodes in soil samples from the Ukraine. The results show the occurrence of Globodera pallida in the Uzhhorod region (Zakarpatska oblast), where only G. rostochiensis had been previously reported. In the mixed potato cyst nematode (PCN) populations, G. pallida was less prevalent (2–5%) than G. rostochiensis (95–98%). A phylogenetic analysis based on ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequences showed that the Ukrainian population of G. pallida had >99% sequence identity with other G. pallida pa2/3 isolates from Europe. This study has demonstrated that polymerase chain reaction-mediated amplification of specific regions of the potato cyst nematode genome is not only highly effective as a species diagnostic tool but is also a sensitive method which can be used for taxonomic purposes with cyst collections which vary in age. 相似文献
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Rolf T. Folkertsma Koen E. de Groot Paul H. G. van Koert Marga P. E. van Gent-Pelzer Jeroen N. A. M. Rouppe van der Voort Arjen Schots Jaap Bakker Fred J. Gommers Johannes Helder 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1996,102(6):577-584
Thirty-six populations of the potato cyst nematodeGlobodera pallida, all collected in the Netherlands, were analysed twice: by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins (2-DGE) and by random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting (RAPD). Two-DGE revealed frequencies of 21 alleles at eight putative loci in each population. The same populations were subjected to RAPD analysis. This qualitative technique revealed 38 polymorphic DNA fragments. Both datasets were independently processed to determine the intraspecific variation. UPGMA analysis resulted in a 2-DGE- and a RAPD-based dendrogram with cophenetic correlation coefficients of 0.755 and 0.838 respectively. The correlation between the genetic similarity values for the populations was 0.572. Comparison between the 2-DGE- and the RAPD-based dendrogram revealed that only thirteen of the 36 populations analysed were clustered identically. It is concluded that the gene pool similarity concept is only in some instances applicable to Dutch populations ofG. pallida. For populations that could not be differentiated unequivocally on the basis of molecular markers, markers closely linked to avirulence genes should be identified. Approaches that will lead to the identification of such markers are discussed. 相似文献
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R. Janssen J. Bakker F. J. Gommers 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1987,93(3):107-113
The diapause of potato cyst nematodes was bypassed by avoiding desiccation of the cysts. Larvae were artificially hatched by cutting the cysts in halves and subsequent incubation in potato root diffusate. Approximately 40% of the cyst content hatched. These treatments had no influence on viability and fecundity as ascertained by rearing nematodes in pots and on roots of sprouts grown on water agar in Petri dishes. With the artificial hatching procedure it is possible to produce five to six generations a year in Petri dishes and three to five generations in pots.Samenvatting De diapauze van aardappelcysteaaltjes kan worden omzeild door te voorkómen dat de cysten uitdrogen. Hiertoe worden de cysten opgekweekt op wortels van aard-appelspruiten in Petrischalen met wateragar of in potten en zorgvuldig vochtig gehouden.De larven worden uit de eieren gelokt door de cysten met een scalpel te halveren of zorgvuldig door te drukken zonder de eieren te beschadigen en deze vervolgens te incuberen in lokstof. Op deze wijze wordt ongeveer 40% van de cysteïnhoud gelokt. Deze behandeling heeft geen nadelige invloeden op de vitaliteit van de larven en de vrucht-baarheid van de hieruit ontwikkelde mannetjes en vrouwtjes. Dit geldt zowel voor eieren uit cysten opgekweekt in Petrischalen als die in potten.Op deze wijze is het mogelijk drie tot vijf generaties per jaar in potten te kweken en vijf tot zes generaties in Petrischalen. 相似文献