首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
以新疆橡胶草为材料,采用聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱法,PEG溶液渗透势范围为-1.0~0.0MPa,探讨干旱胁迫对橡胶草种子发芽势、发芽率、日相对发芽率、平均发芽速率、发芽指数、活力指数、幼根长度、幼叶长度以及幼叶宽度的影响。结果表明,随着PEG溶液浓度的增加,种子活力以及幼苗长势均呈现出先升高而后降低的趋势。当PEG溶液渗透势为-0.4 MPa时,发芽指数和活力指数显著低于对照组,而其幼根长度、幼叶长度以及幼叶宽度与对照组差异不显著,说明橡胶草种子活力比幼苗生长对于干旱胁迫更敏感;当PEG溶液渗透势为-0.8 MPa时,橡胶草种子萌发受到完全抑制,表明-0.8 MPa为橡胶草种子萌发的临界水势。  相似文献   

2.
以裸果木(Gymnocarpos przewalskii)种子为供试材料,在渗透势分别为-0. 3、-0. 5、-0. 7、-0. 9、-1. 2MPa条件下,以蒸馏水为对照(0 MPa),分析模拟水分(PEG-6000)和盐分(Na Cl)胁迫对种子萌发的影响,以确定其耐旱性和耐盐性。结果表明:两种胁迫均使裸果木种子的萌发受到明显抑制,聚乙二醇(PEG)胁迫使种子的萌发指数、活力指数和胚根长度均显著降低,渗透势≤-0. 7 MPa时,萌发率显著下降。Na Cl胁迫下萌发指数和胚根长度均显著降低,渗透势≤-0. 9 MPa时,萌发率显著降低,萌发指数、活力指数和胚根长度对水盐胁迫敏感,可作为评价裸果木种子萌发耐旱耐盐性的主要指标。等渗条件下,渗透势为-0. 7 MPa和-0. 9 MPa时,PEG胁迫下种子萌发率、活力指数、胚轴长度显著低于Na Cl胁迫;渗透势≤-0. 7 MPa时,PEG处理的发芽势、萌发指数明显低于Na Cl处理,说明影响裸果木种子萌发的主要因素是渗透胁迫,而不是离子毒害。种子萌发耐受PEG胁迫的临界值为-0. 8 MPa,极限值为-1. 1 MPa;耐受Na Cl胁迫的临界值为-1. 5 MPa,极限值为-2. 2 MPa,表明裸果木种子萌发期的耐盐性大于耐旱性。  相似文献   

3.
为明确节节麦小穗上不同粒位种子萌发对环境因素的响应差异, 采用培养皿法测定了小穗基部小花形成的第1粒种子(S1)和相邻上部位置小花形成的第2粒种子(S2)萌发对酸碱胁迫?盐胁迫和水分胁迫的响应?结果显示:S1和S2萌发均对pH要求不高, 但在供试pH为3~10时, S2的萌发速率大于S1?与S1相比, S2萌发具有较强的耐盐性, 在不同盐浓度下, S2发芽率相对较高, 而S1的发芽率随着盐浓度的升高显著降低?此外, 盐胁迫对S1和S2的萌发速率有一定影响, 两者的萌发速率均随着盐浓度的升高而降低, 但S2较S1萌发快?水分胁迫对节节麦S1和S2萌发均有抑制作用, 但S2萌发对水分胁迫的耐受性显著高于S1, 在渗透势为-1.28~-0.69 MPa时S1的发芽率达到最大发芽率的50%, 而S2在渗透势为-1.75~-1.56 MPa时发芽率达到最大发芽率的50%?此外, S1和S2的萌发速率均随着渗透势的下降而降低, 但S2的萌发速率大于S1?以上结果表明, 节节麦种子萌发过程中第2粒位种子S2比第1粒位种子S1更具有耐受环境胁迫的能力?  相似文献   

4.
以天然生长于祁连山自然保护区隆畅河自然保护站的濒危植物蒙古扁桃(Prunus mongolica)去内果皮的种子为材料,以不同渗透势PEG-6000溶液模拟干旱条件,研究了种子萌发和幼苗生长对干旱胁迫的响应特征。结果表明,随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,蒙古扁桃种子吸胀速率、萌发率、萌发指数、活力指数、苗高和根长、组织饱和含水量等指标均表现出明显降低的趋势,而幼苗初生芽干重、根干重和根冠比均呈先升后降的趋势。蒙古扁桃种子对水势变化既敏感又抗旱,种子能够萌发的最低渗透势阈值为-0.65 MPa。干旱胁迫未能萌发的种子复水后萌发率较高。分析认为,蒙古扁桃种子萌发和幼苗生长对干旱胁迫的响应特征对种的延续具有重要意义,但在人工栽培时保证 土壤墒情应是保障建植成功的关键措施。  相似文献   

5.
Zn盐和干旱胁迫对纹党种子萌发和幼苗生理特性的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以甘肃道地中药材纹党(Codonopsis pilosula)为对象,通过室内砂培方法,研究了不同浓度(10-6mol·L-1,10-5mol·L-1,10-4mol·L-1,10-3mol·L-1)Zn2+和不同浓度(5%、10%、15%、20%、30%)PEG模拟干旱胁迫下对纹党种子萌发、幼苗生长、渗透调节物质积累和活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明:低浓度Zn2+和PEG能显著促进纹党种子萌发和幼苗生长,随着干旱胁迫和Zn2+浓度的加剧,种子萌发率显著降低,幼苗生长受阻,纹党种子萌发和幼苗生长能耐受的渗透势临界阈值为-0.94 MPa;叶片O2·产生速率和H2O2含量明显增加,SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性先升后降,高浓度Zn2+和PEG处理下GSH和As A含量明显降低,幼苗叶片中Pro、可溶性糖和MDA含量随Zn2+和PEG浓度升高而升高。10-6和10-5mol·L-1Zn盐可提高纹党对适度干旱胁迫的适应能力,而10-3mol·L-1的Zn盐与干旱胁迫下伤害度达到最大。  相似文献   

6.
以白茎盐生草种子为材料,研究不同光照、温度、NaCl和PEG处理对白茎盐生草种子萌发特性的影响.结果表明:1)白茎盐生草萌发时对光暗条件要求不严,3种光暗条件下,白茎盐生草种子均在30℃/35℃时快速达到最大萌发率而完成萌发进程.2)当NaCl浓度为100 mmol/L时,对白茎盐生草种子萌发无显著影响向,但当NaCl浓度为200~ 500mmol/L则会显著抑制白茎盐生草种子的萌发,种子的耐盐(NaCl)阈值和极限值分别为350.94和510.32mmol/L.3)随着干旱胁迫程度的增加,完成萌发进程所用时间增长,最终萌发率显著下降.-0.2 MPa的渗透势对白茎盐生草种子最终萌发率无显著影响,渗透势为-0.4~-1.2 MPa时,种子最终萌发率总体呈显著下降的趋势,种子的耐旱(PEG)阈值和极限值分别为-1.58和-3.09 MPa.综上所述,白茎盐生草种子萌发时表现出较强的抗盐性和极强的抗旱性.  相似文献   

7.
盐分、干旱及其交互胁迫对黑果枸杞发芽的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为了研究土壤盐分和水分对黑果枸杞(Lycium ruthenicum Murr.)萌发的影响,通过单因素等渗试验测定了PEG处理和NaCl处理对发芽率的影响.结果表明:黑果枸杞种子在水分胁迫下的临界值和极限值分别为-0.39MPa和-0.75 MPa,而在盐分胁迫下分别为-0.46 MPa和-0.8 MPa.以水分胁迫、NaCl胁迫和发芽温度为试验因子,以种子萌发率为响应值,运用中心组合试验设计(CCD)法,进行3因素5水平的响应面(RSM)分析试验.结果表明:3个因素对黑果枸杞种子发芽率的影响为:PEG> NaCl>温度.试验结果表明:黑果枸杞在盐分和干旱双重胁迫下,极限耐受值范围为干旱胁迫-0.3~-0.5 MPa,盐分胁迫-0.6~-0.7 MPa.  相似文献   

8.
水是种子萌发的关键因素,种子萌发及幼苗生长直接影响着干旱区植被的分布和多样性。以铃铛刺(Halimodendron halodendron)和披针叶野决明(Thermopsis lanceolata)种子为研究材料,用不同浓度PEG6000模拟干旱胁迫,探讨干旱胁迫对铃铛刺和披针叶野决明种子萌发的影响。结果表明:不同浓度处理均降低了铃铛刺和披针叶野决明种子的发芽率、发芽势、日相对发芽率和平均发芽速率,延缓了种子萌发进程,胚芽和胚根生长也受到抑制。不同浓度处理中,12%是相对高萌发率的浓度,其种子的发芽率、发芽势、日相对发芽率、平均发芽速率、胚根及胚芽长均明显高于其他处理,与对照相近。干旱胁迫对铃铛刺和披针叶野决明种子萌发影响不完全一样,如对胚芽和胚根生长的抑制作用,铃铛刺种子胚芽和胚根作用相近,披针叶野决明则对胚根作用较胚芽明显。  相似文献   

9.
不同产地扁蓿豆种子萌发期抗旱性综合评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
采用不同渗透势聚乙二醇(PEG6000)溶液模拟干旱胁迫,研究了甘肃景泰、陇西、镇原、永昌、天水、榆中、宁县、夏河、临夏、渭源和内蒙古土默特、陕西陇县12个扁蓿豆(Medicago ruthenica)居群种子萌发期的抗旱性。结果表明,PEG胁迫降低了扁蓿豆种质资源的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数,抑制了胚芽和胚根的生长。-0.3 MPa的渗透势胁迫可促进陇西扁蓿豆种子的萌发,且在此浓度下其相对发芽指数和相对活力指数均显著高于其他11份材料。在-0.3 MPa PEG胁迫下景泰和土默特扁蓿豆的相对胚根长较高,表现出一定的抗旱性;高渗透势的胁迫严重抑制了扁蓿豆胚芽和胚根的生长。以种子萌发期的相对发芽率、相对发芽指数、相对活力指数、相对胚根长和相对胚芽长等5项为指标,应用隶属函数法对12份扁蓿豆抗旱性进行综合评价,抗旱性强弱依次为:景泰>陇西>土默特>镇原>永昌>天水>榆中>宁县>夏河>临夏>陕西陇县>渭源。  相似文献   

10.
以天祝县青海云杉天然种群种子为研究对象,通过对种子生活力测定,分析种子萌发对温度、光照、水分和盐分胁迫的响应,为引种提供参考数据。结果表明:① 种子的生活力为72%。② 在黑暗条件下,温度小于10 ℃种子不萌发,最适萌发温度25/15 ℃(72%);种子在24 h黑暗和24 h光照条件下的萌发率显著高于14 h光照/10 h黑暗。③ 当NaCl胁迫浓度为50 mmol·L-1时,可促进种子萌发,当胁迫浓度大于50 mmol·L-1时,抑制种子萌发;胁迫解除后,随着胁迫浓度的增加,恢复萌发率(RGR)先增加后减小,胁迫浓度为400 mmol·L-1时,RGR达到最大值13%。④ 随着PEG-6000试剂胁迫渗透势的增加,种子萌发显著减少,在-0.9 MPa时,种子不能萌发;胁迫解除后,RGR先增加后减少,在-0.9 MPa时,达到最大值35%。  相似文献   

11.
The epidemiology ofSitobion avenae and its natural enemies in winter wheat was studied in 1975, 1976 and 1977. Immigration was important until the end of flowering. The alate immigrants had apterous offspring. These became the driving force in population growth. Their offspring were mostly alatae which usually left the field. A model of the epidemic was developed. Quantitative relations between the aphids and their environment were obtained from literature or established in laboratory trials. The model simulated population development and population composition from the beginning of June till the population peak at the end of June or early in July. Because quantitative data on relations between aphids and their natural enemies and pathogens are scarce, and since the knowledge on wing formation is still limited, the population collapse could not be predicted. In the future, prognosis over a period of three weeks seems possible.Samenvatting De toenemende betekenis van graanbladluizen (vooralSitobion avenae) gepaard gaande met een sterke toename van het gebruik van insecticiden op granen maakte verbetering van de prognose over het schadelijk optreden wenselijk. Door gedetailleerde tellingen in het veld (Fig. 1–7) werden gegevens verkregen over het verloop van de epidemie en het optreden van natuurlijke vijanden in 1975, 1976 en 1977.Een immigratieperiode tot in de bloei kon worden vastgesteld. Daarna lijkt de aantrekkelijkheid van het gewas voor alate luizen te verminderen. De alate immigranten krijgen aptere nakomelingen. Deze vormen de stuwende kracht van de populatiegroei. De nakomelingen van apteren zijn merendeels alaat. Zij verlaten het gewas.Een model van de populatieontwikkeling gedurende de epidemie werd opgesteld. De relatiediagrammen Fig. 9 en 10 laten groei en ontwikkeling vanS. avenae en een predator (Syrphus corollae) zien. Kwantificering van de betrekkingen werd mogelijk door literatuurgegevens en laboratoriumexperimenten.Met het model kon de populatieontwikkeling vanS. avenae vanaf begin juni tot aan de populatiepiek in 1975, 1976 en 1977 vrij goed worden gesimuleerd (Fig. 12). Ook de populatieopbouw kon worden gesimuleerd (Fig. 14). De teruggang van de populatiedichtheid blijkt moeilijker te voorspellen door het ontbreken van gegevens over natuurlijke vijanden.Het lijkt waarschijnlijk dat in de toekomst met het model een prognose over de piek van de bladluispopulatie circa 3 weken tevoren mogelijk zal zijn.  相似文献   

12.
In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten.  相似文献   

13.
Samples of heavily infested crop residues were incorporated in static compost heaps (2.5–4.6 m3) of the Indore type. Temperature increased to 50–70°C within 6 days depending on the type of crop residues used and the location within the heap. The heat phase (>40 °C) lasted 2–3 weeks and was followed by a c. 5-months maturation phase (<40 °c).="" among="" the="" 17="" pathogens="" tested,="">Olpidium brassicae and one of the four formae speciales ofFusarium oxysporum that were tested survived composting, but also their inoculum was greatly reduced.Survival during specific phases of composting was studied by incorporation and retrieval of samples at various stages of the process.F. oxysporum f. sp.melonis was completely inactivated andO. brassicae andPlasmodiophora brassicae were almost completely inactivated during the short heat phase. The three pathogens survived the long-lasting maturation phase without loss of viability. Heat evolved during composting was found to be the most important factor involved with sanitation of crop residues. The possible involvement of fungitoxic conversion products and microbial antagonism is discussed.  相似文献   

14.
Organic amendments and green manure are potential alternatives to the harmful chemical control means currently used against plant-parasitic nematodes. In this work, Chrysanthemum coronarium was applied to the soil as a green manure to control the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica. Chrysanthemum coronarium significantly reduced nematode infection of tomato roots and improved plant-top fresh weight, both in the greenhouse and in microplots. Other green manures, derived from Anthemis pseudocotula, wild chickpea (Cicer pinnatifidum), Geranium spp. and wheat, were not as effective as C. coronarium. Chrysanthemum coronarium, retained its nematicidal activity even when applied as a dried material. Only mature C. coronarium plants, in their flowering stage, exhibited nematode control activity, but the green plant parts were more effective than the flowers. An aqueous extract of C. coronarium exhibited in vitro, nematostatic activity towards M. incognita and M. javanica second-stage juveniles and inhibited their hatching from eggs and egg-masses; its nematostatic activity was expressed also against other phytonematode species such as Heterodera avenae and Pratylenchus mediterraneus, but did not affect the beneficial entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae.  相似文献   

15.
The effects of the saprophytic mycoflora and its interference with cereal aphids on growth and yield of winter and spring wheat was studied in field experiments in 1980, 1981 and 1982.Yields varied between 5000 and 8000 kg dry matter of kernels per ha. The effect of the saprophytic mycoflora on yield was determined in different treatments: A) no control measures against cereal aphids and saprophytic and necrotrophic fungi, B) no control of cereal aphids, control of saprophytic and necrotrophic fungi, C) control of cereal aphids and control of saprophytic and necrotrophic fungi, D) control of cereal aphids and stimulation of saprophytic mycoflora and E) control of cereal aphids, no control of saprophytic and necrotrophic fungi nor stimulation of saprophytic mycoflora.Considerable differences in top densities of saprophytic mycoflora (10 times as large in A and D as in B and C) were determined. The consequences of these differences for the growth and productivity of wheat were minor. A negative effect of saprophytic mycoflora on the yield could not be detected in 1981 and 1982, whereas a small positive significant effect was found in 1980. This stimulation may have been due to competition between necrotrophic fungal pathogens and saprophytic mycoflora. As a result of favourable weather conditions necrotrophic fungal pathogens were very numerous in 1980 and could form an important yield reducing factor. Yield levels may effect the importance of the necrotrophic and saprophytic mycoflora as yield reducing factors. Additionally, in the presence of aphid honeydew captafol was found to be relatively ineffective against saprophytic fungi.  相似文献   

16.
Mango sudden decline is a recently introduced, economically serious disease in Oman. Affected mango trees have wilting symptoms that usually begin on one side and later spread to involve the entire tree. Trees exude amber-coloured gum from the bark of their trunks or branches and vascular tissues are discoloured. Having entered Oman in the recent past, survey data is presented that shows the disease to have spread throughout the northern part of the country. Evidence is presented that the vascular wilt pathogen Ceratocystis fimbriata causes mango sudden decline disease in Oman, possibly in concert with Lasiodiplodia theobromae and the recently described Ceratocystis omanensis. Isolates of these fungi from affected trees, cause infection and can be recovered from inoculated seedlings. Bark beetles (Hypocryphalus mangiferae) are shown to carry C. fimbriata and L. theobromae and are presumably responsible for transmitting both pathogens to healthy mango trees. Acting as a wounding agent and vector, the bark beetle is likely to have assisted the rapid spread of the disease across Oman.  相似文献   

17.
A gas chromatographic method was developed to quantify the phytotoxin prehelminthosporol, which is a sesquiterpene metabolite of the plant pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana. The toxin was extracted from mycelium or culture filtrates, pre-cleaned using solid phase extraction, and analyzed by gas chromatography as a trimethylsilyl-derivative. The detection limit of the method was 5ngl–1 (signal to noise ratio 4:1) which corresponds to ca. 15ng prehelminthosporol per mg dry weight of mycelium or 15ng prehelminthosporol per ml culture filtrate. The total amount of prehelminthosporol (mycelium plus culture filtrate) increased with cultivation time when examined in six isolates of B. sorokiniana after 6, 9, 12 and 15 days of incubation. The screening experiment of 17 isolates for prehelminthosporol production after 8 days of incubation revealed significant differences in the toxin production between the isolates. The isolates with low toxin production had lower virulence towards barley roots compared to those with higher production of the toxin. However, the virulence did not increase with prehelminthosporol level among the high producing isolates. Prehelminthosporol was also analyzed in a number of related Bipolaris and Drechslera species. In addition to B. sorokiniana, three out of six Bipolaris species (B. setariae, B. zeicola, B. victoriae) produced prehelminthosporol, which indicates that ability to produce prehelminthosporol is conserved among closely-related Bipolaris species.  相似文献   

18.
Five Pythium species (Pythium irregulare, P. mamillatum, P. myriotylum, P. spinosum and P. ultimum var. ultimum) were isolated from the hypocotyls and roots of kidney bean plants with damping-off from a commercial field and from experimental plots that have undergone either continuous cropping with kidney bean or rotational cropping with arable crops. In inoculation tests, all five Pythium species were pathogenic to kidney bean. This is the first report of damping-off of kidney bean caused by Pythium species; we named this disease damping-off of kidney bean. The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under accession numbers AB291811, AB291944 and AB291945.  相似文献   

19.
Molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed to differentiate the Ascochyta pathogens that infect cool season food and feed legumes, as well as to improve the sensitivity of detecting latent infection in plant tissues. A seed sampling technique was developed to detect a 1% level of infection by Ascochyta rabiei in commercial chickpea seed. The Ascochyta pathogens were shown to be genetically diverse in countries where the pathogen and host have coexisted for a long time. However, where the pathogen was recently introduced, such as A. rabiei to Australia, the level of diversity remained relatively low, even as the pathogen spread to all chickpea-growing areas. Pathogenic variability of A. rabiei and Ascochyta pinodes pathogens in chickpea and field pea respectively, appears to be quantitative, where measures of disease severity were based on aggressiveness (quantitative level of infection) rather than on true qualitative virulence. In contrast, qualitative differences in pathogenicity in lentil and faba bean genotypes indicated the existence of pathotypes of Ascochyta lentis and Ascochyta fabae. Therefore, reports of pathotype discrimination based on quantitative differences in pathogenicity in a set of specific genotypes is questionable for several of the ascochyta-legume pathosystems such as A. rabiei and A. pinodes. This is not surprising since host resistance to these pathogens has been reported to be mainly quantitative, making it difficult for the pathogen to overcome specific resistance genes and form pathotypes. For robust pathogenicity assessment, there needs to be consistency in selection of differential host genotypes, screening conditions and disease evaluation techniques for each of the Ascochyta sp. in legume-growing countries throughout the world. Nevertheless, knowledge of pathotype diversity and aggressiveness within populations is important in the selection of resistant genotypes.  相似文献   

20.
浅黄恩蚜小蜂和丽蚜小蜂对温室白粉虱的寄生潜能分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
浅黄恩蚜小蜂Encarsia sophia GiraultDodd和丽蚜小蜂Encarsia formosa Gahan是防治粉虱类害虫的优势寄生蜂,通过生命表技术方法分析了2种寄生蜂对温室白粉虱Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westwood)的防治潜能。结果表明,丽蚜小蜂在羽化第3天和第10天出现2次寄生高峰,占其总寄生量的13.7%和8.0%,在2次高峰之间逐日寄生粉虱数量比较平稳,单雌逐日平均产雌数保持在10.6~13.4头,10 d后寄生量呈明显的下降趋势;而浅黄恩蚜小蜂羽化10 d内逐日寄生粉虱量变化不大,单雌逐日产雌数稳定在4.2~5.4头,羽化14 d后寄生量呈明显下降趋势。丽蚜小蜂和浅黄恩蚜小蜂的R0、T、rm、λ值分别为171.5、18.0、0.2854、1.3303和61.6、16.2、0.2544、1.2897;粉虱若虫充足时,丽蚜小蜂平均单雌寄生若虫数是浅黄恩蚜小蜂的2.7倍,而后者平均单雌取食若虫数为60.6头,明显高于前者42.7头,总的来看,丽蚜小蜂通过寄生和取食杀死粉虱总量220.8头,明显高于浅黄恩蚜小蜂的127.9头。表明在应用寄生蜂防治温室白粉虱时,单独释放丽蚜小蜂比浅黄恩蚜小蜂显示出更好的防治潜能。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号