15种常用杀虫剂对二斑叶螨的室内药效对比试验

本文采用FAO推荐的玻片浸渍法,选用15种常用杀虫剂的最大登记剂量对二斑叶螨敏感型种群和抗性种群进行了药效对比试验研究。结果表明:施药后观察,哒螨·矿物油、阿维·哒螨灵、阿维菌素、阿维·灭幼脲、阿维·毒死蜱、啶虫脒对敏感型二斑叶螨的速效性防效较好;而炔螨特、桉油精和苦参碱对抗性二斑叶螨的防效较强。     

重庆潼南朱砂叶螨田间抗性监测及其抗性机制分析

本研究通过生物测定检测了重庆潼南田间朱砂叶螨种群对5种杀虫杀螨剂的抗药性,并测定了主要代谢酶活性及抗性相关基因的表达量。抗性监测结果显示,朱砂叶螨对联苯肼酯和哒螨灵表现为中等水平抗性,对阿维菌素、丁氟螨酯和甲氰菊酯为低水平抗性。代谢酶活性检测结果显示:田间种群的P450和GST活性明显提高,且多个相关基因的表达也显著上调,而CarE的活性没有显著变化。综上所述,重庆潼南田间朱砂叶螨种群已对联苯肼酯、哒螨灵、阿维菌素、丁氟螨酯和甲氰菊酯产生了不同程度的抗药性,P450和GST活性提高和有关基因过表达是抗性产生的主要原因。     

二斑叶螨对螺螨酯抗药性及对18种杀螨剂交互抗性

采自甘肃兰州兴隆山公园的二斑叶螨(Tetranychus urticae Koch),用雌雄单系培养敏感品系(S),用螺螨酯处理二斑叶螨种群培养抗性品系(SP R),用室内生测法对二斑叶螨S和SP R品系进行室内毒力测定。结果表明,二斑叶螨对螺螨酯抗性发展初期较慢,中期稳定,后期较快,选育至26代抗性指数(RI)达58.83。SP R对甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯有一定的交互抗性,RI分别为11.54和10.03;对苯丁锡、四螨嗪、苦皮藤生物碱、阿维菌素、氯氟氰菊酯、哒螨&#8226;四螨嗪、哒&#8226;水胺硫磷、三唑锡、三氯杀螨醇、哒螨灵、氧化乐果无交互抗性(1＜RI<5.00);对浏阳霉素、毒死蜱、噻螨酮、柴油、哒螨灵、唑螨酯可能存在负交互抗性(RI<1)。     

西藏小菜蛾对5种杀虫剂的抗药性研究

为明确西藏小菜蛾田间种群对5种常用杀虫剂的抗性现状,采用叶片浸药法进行了测定。结果表明,西藏6个监测点的小菜蛾田间种群对噻虫胺尚处于敏感或低水平抗性阶段,建议应用噻虫胺进行防治,但应避免重复使用同种药剂,应与其他在当地抗性水平较低的药剂轮换使用。     

8种杀螨剂对苹果树红蜘蛛田间防效评价

对8种不同作用机理杀螨剂防治苹果树红蜘蛛的效果进行了田间试验。结果表明：三唑锡、炔螨特、哒螨灵、阿维菌素、唑螨酯、螺螨酯、双甲脒、甲氰菊酯均是防治苹果树红蜘蛛的有效药剂,以螺螨酯的总体防效最好。     

河南省灰飞虱田间种群对12种杀虫剂的抗性现状分析

为明确河南省不同地区灰飞虱田间种群对12种常用杀虫剂的抗性现状,于2020—2021年,采用稻苗浸渍法分别测定了河南新乡、濮阳、开封、驻马店及信阳等地区灰飞虱田间种群对12种杀虫剂的抗性水平。结果表明:河南省灰飞虱田间种群对噻嗪酮产生了中等水平抗性,抗性倍数 (RR) =14.9~91.1;对吡蚜酮 (RR=6.91~16.7) 和毒死蜱 (RR=8.48~70.0) 产生了低至中等水平抗性;对三唑磷 (RR=1.29~11.1) 处于敏感至中等水平抗性;对噻虫嗪 (RR=0.95~5.19) 和高效氯氟氰菊酯 (RR=3.31~7.24) 处于敏感至低水平抗性;对吡虫啉 (RR=0.89~3.92)、啶虫脒 (RR=1.11~2.33)、烯啶虫胺 (RR=0.16~0.64)、呋虫胺 (RR=1.87~3.86)、异丙威 (RR=0.47~1.37) 和氟啶虫酰胺 (RR=1.63~4.33) 均仍处于敏感水平。研究结果可为河南省田间灰飞虱的可持续性防控以及杀虫剂的科学合理使用提供参考。     

我国苹果主产区苹果叶螨种类及杀螨剂应用现状

根据国家苹果产业技术体系25个苹果病虫害监测点2009-2017年的调查数据,分析我国苹果主产区发生的叶螨种类以及杀螨剂使用情况。结果表明,我国苹果园发生的叶螨主要有山楂叶螨、二斑叶螨、苹果全爪螨;发生范围最广的是山楂叶螨,所占比例约65%,其次是二斑叶螨,约占23%,苹果全爪螨约占12%。监测点苹果园2009-2017年9年间共使用杀螨剂447次,平均每年每个果园使用杀螨剂单剂1.99次。涉及的9种杀螨剂单剂中,使用次数和频率最高的是阿维菌素,其次是哒螨灵和三唑锡,近几年,这3种杀螨剂的使用频次大幅度减少,螺螨酯等新型杀螨剂使用频次有所增加。     

9种常用杀螨剂对巴氏新小绥螨和二斑叶螨的毒力及毒力选择性研究

为使化学防治和保护利用捕食螨的生物防治措施相协调, 实现以螨治螨, 采用叶片残毒法分别测定了甘肃省保护地常用的9种杀螨剂对巴氏新小绥螨和二斑叶螨的LC50, 计算出各药剂的益害生物毒性选择指数(TSR)。供试药剂的毒性选择指数大小依次为：毒死蜱＞螺螨酯＞哒螨灵＞炔螨特＞唑螨酯＞阿维菌素＞三唑锡＞甲氰菊酯＞噻螨酮。其中, 毒死蜱和螺螨酯的毒性选择指数分别为10.864 1和9.361 3, 对巴氏新小绥螨和二斑叶螨均有较高的正向选择性, 毒死蜱和螺螨酯可优先用于生产中害虫(螨)的防治, 同时最大限度地保护了捕食螨, 实现对害虫(螨)化学防治和生物防治的相互协调。     

蒜和葱上二斑叶螨的发生为害及其抗药性监测

二斑叶螨寄主植物范围极广, 但其对百合科蔬菜造成危害的研究报道极少?本研究采集了来自北京海淀百合科蔬菜蒜和葱上的2个二斑叶螨种群, 生物测定结果显示, 2个种群对阿维菌素呈现出极高水平抗性, 对哒螨灵为中等以上抗性(LC50>5 000 mg/L), 对新型药剂联苯肼酯?虫螨腈和腈吡螨酯也表现出中等到高水平抗性?抗性基因突变频率检测发现, 与阿维菌素抗性相关基因G314D和G326E位点以及和哒螨灵抗性相关基因H92R位点的突变频率均高达100%, 为纯合抗性种群?因此, 本研究所测试的2个二斑叶螨种群对阿维菌素和哒螨灵单剂的敏感性极低, 需慎重选用这2种药剂, 而3种新型杀螨剂联苯肼酯?虫螨腈和腈吡螨酯在田间需轮换使用?     

灰飞虱对几种杀虫剂的抗性

采用稻苗浸渍法测定了灰飞虱对7种常用杀虫剂的抗性。2011年监测了我国江苏、浙江、安徽三省9个灰飞虱种群对噻虫嗪、烯啶虫胺、毒死蜱、吡蚜酮、噻嗪酮、高效氯氰菊酯及氟虫腈的抗性。结果表明:灰飞虱对噻虫嗪都处于敏感阶段(0.6~2.2倍);对烯啶虫胺处于敏感阶段(0.8~3.0倍);对毒死蜱产生了中-高水平抗性(17.5~83.6倍);对吡蚜酮为敏感到低水平抗性(1.9~5.5倍);对噻嗪酮的抗性为高-极高水平(136.4~271.1倍);对高效氯氰菊酯的抗性为低-中等水平(5.2~34.9倍);对氟虫腈为低水平抗性(0.9~8.0倍)。基于灰飞虱对7种药剂的抗性情况,对田间治理灰飞虱合理使用药剂进行了讨论。     

Resistance risk assessment: realized heritability of resistance to methrin,abamectin, pyridaben and their mixtures in the spider mite,Tetranychus cinnabarinus

The heritability of resistance has an important bearing on the management of pest resistance, especially for evaluating the sustainability of a chemical on a particular pest population. The susceptibility of pests to insecticides may change depending on the selection pressure of these compounds on populations. Tetranychus cinnabarinus, a very important mite pest of many crops in China, was continuously selected with methrin, abamectin, pyridaben and mixtures of pyridaben and abamectin (pyidaben:abamectin?=?7.4:0.1?m/m), and methrin and abamectin (methrin:abamectin?=?8.9:0.1?m/m). After 16 generations, the resistance increased to 25.8-, 3.7-, 1.3-, 4.0- and 2.5-fold to methrin, abamectin, pyridaben, pyridaben?+?abamectin and methrin?+?abamectin, respectively. The more generations selected, the higher was the resistance level, except in the case of the strain selected with pyridaben. The realized heritabilities of resistance to methrin, abamectin, pyridabe, pyridaben?+?abamectin and methrin?+?abamectin were: 0.20, 0.15, 0.03, 0.18 and 0.08, respectively. Higher values of heritability occurred during the second eight generations selected than through the first eight generations except in the case of the strain selected with the mixture pyridaben?+?abamectin.     

21种化学药剂对新疆棉田主要害虫毒力及对多异瓢虫的安全性

为明确现阶段棉田常用化学杀虫剂对新疆维吾尔自治区（简称新疆）棉花主要害虫的毒力以及对新疆本地优势天敌多异瓢虫Hippodamia variegata的安全性,于室内分别测定当前21种棉田常用化学药剂对新疆棉田3种主要害虫棉蚜Aphis gossypii、截形叶螨Etranychus truncatus和棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera以及优势天敌多异瓢虫的毒力,比较不同药剂对各种害虫和天敌的相对毒力指数以及益害毒性比。结果表明,药剂处理24 h后,10种蚜虫防治药剂对棉蚜成蚜的半致死浓度LC₅₀由高到低依次为氟啶虫胺腈、啶虫脒、吡虫啉、环氧虫啶、噻虫嗪、丁硫克百威、烯啶虫胺、呋虫胺、螺虫乙酯和吡蚜酮,其中益害毒性比较高的药剂主要有氟啶虫胺腈和螺虫乙酯;5种叶螨防治药剂对截形叶螨成螨的LC₅₀从高到低依次为阿维菌素、哒螨灵、四螨嗪、噻螨酮和炔螨特,其中益害毒性比较高的药剂主要有四螨嗪、噻螨酮和阿维菌素;6种鳞翅目害虫幼虫防治药剂对棉铃虫3龄幼虫的LC₅₀由高到低顺次为甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐（简称甲维盐）、氯虫苯甲酰胺、茚虫威、灭多威、毒死蜱和高效氯氰菊酯,其中益害毒性比较高的药剂主要有甲维盐和氯虫苯甲酰胺。综合上述2个方面结果,氟啶虫胺腈、阿维菌素、甲维盐和氯虫苯甲酰胺不仅对棉花害虫毒力效果强,而且对有益天敌安全性高。     

Fenpyroximate resistance in Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae): cross-resistance and biochemical resistance mechanisms

A field colony of the Two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch), resistant to fenpyroximate was further selected with fenpyroximate 5SC for 20 generations at a selection pressure of 30-50% mortality (designated as FR-20 strain). Resistance and cross-resistance levels of the FR-20 strain to 18 acaricides were determined using a spray method. The FR-20 strain was extremely resistant to fenpyroximate [resistance ratio (RR) 252]. The strain exhibited extremely strong positive cross-resistance to acrinathrin (RR 196), and high levels of resistance to benzoximate (RR 55) and propargite (RR 64). Moderate levels of cross-resistance (RR 11-40) to abamectin, fenbutatin oxide, fenpropathrin, pyridaben, pyridaben + bifenthrin and tebufenpyrad were observed. The FR-20 strain showed low levels of resistance (RR < 10) to azocyclotin, bromopropylate, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenapyr + bifenthrin, chlorfenapyr + pyridaben, dicofol, fenazaquin and milbemectin. Synergist experiments with different metabolic inhibitors revealed that piperonyl butoxide had the greatest effect on the efficacy of fenpyroximate, followed by iprobenfos and triphenyl phosphate. In a comparative assay with detoxifying enzymes, the FR-20 strain showed 2.5-fold higher activity in p-nitroanisole-O-demethylation, and 2.5- and 2.2-fold higher activities in alpha- and beta-naphthyl acetate hydrolysis, respectively. These results suggested that enhanced activities of both mixed-function oxidases and esterases likely contribute to the fenpyroximate resistance of the FR-20 strain of T urticae.     

Monitoring of resistance to spirodiclofen and five other acaricides in Panonychus citri collected from Chinese citrus orchards

BACKGROUND: Citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), is one of the most important pesticide‐resistant pests in China. In order better to understand its resistance status, six populations of the mite were collected from Chinese citrus orchards for monitoring of resistance to spirodiclofen and another five acaricides. RESULTS: All the samples collected in the field in 2006 were susceptible to spirodiclofen. However, the LC₅₀ values in populations sampled in 2009 ranged from 3.29 to 418.24 mg L^?1 spirodiclofen, a 127‐fold difference between the least and most sensitive populations. Compared with a susceptible strain, 50‐fold and 90.8‐fold resistance to spirodiclofen was detected in populations sampled from Pinghe and Fuzhou in 2009, as well as cross‐resistance to spirotetramat. The LC₅₀ values for abamectin, fenpropathrin, hexythiazox and pyridaben in the collected samples ranged from 0.041 to 3.52 mg L^?1, from 23.91 to 696.16 mg L^?1, from 13.94 to 334.19 mg L^?1 and from 48.90 to 609.91 mg L^?1 respectively. CONCLUSION: Great variations in resistance to the tested acaricides were observed among the sampled populations. The Pinghe population developed resistance to all the acaricides tested. The Jianning population was susceptible to most acaricides tested, except pyridaben. Resistance management strategies were conducted on the basis of these observations. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

二点叶螨对16种杀虫、杀螨剂的抗药性

以兰州吐鲁沟公园采集的二点叶螨为敏感种群（S），测定了兰州安宁区（R1）、红固区（R2）、天水（R3）、平凉（R4）、庆阳（R5）等地果园的二点叶螨抗性种群对16种杀虫、杀螨剂的抗性水平。结果表明，五地果园二点叶螨种群（R）对水胺硫磷、久效磷、克螨特、双甲脒、甲氰菊酯（R2除外）、联苯菊酯（R2除外）均已产生抗药性。其中R3种群对甲氰菊酯、克螨特、三氟氯氰菊酯、双甲脒、三氯杀螨醇的抗性最高，抗性指数（RF）分别为280．51、107．36、107．12、98．17、69．57倍；R4种群对水胺硫磷、克螨特、久效磷的RF值分别为97．15、82．94和65．39倍；其次是R1种群对甲氰菊酯、水胺硫磷、克螨特的RF值分别为75．05、60．97、60．14倍。五地果园二点叶螨抗性种群对氰久合剂、氧乐菊酯、氯马乳油、螨嗪菊酯、齐螨素、螨蚧克和四螨嗪的RF值均在14倍以下，对氧化乐果的RF值在22倍以下。     

柑橘园常用杀螨剂杀虫剂对巴氏钝绥螨的毒性测定

在室温下进行橘园15种常用杀螨剂、杀虫剂对巴氏钝绥螨的室内毒性测定,结果表明,57%炔螨特EC,25%三唑锡WP,25%噻嗪酮WP,3%啶虫脒WP,90%敌百虫SP,0.5%苦.烟AS,45%石硫合剂结晶等药剂,在常用浓度范围内对巴氏钝绥螨的毒性很小,可用于放螨前清园、放螨后挑治中心虫株或防治其他害虫;5%噻螨酮EC,24%螺螨酯SC,1.8%阿维菌素EC虽对巴氏钝绥螨毒性很小,但由于属慢效性杀螨剂,其安全性需进一步开展室内测定和田间试验;10%浏阳霉素EC,2.5%鱼藤酮EC,1.2%苦参.烟碱EC,99%矿物油EC对巴氏钝绥螨的毒性大,不宜在释放巴氏钝绥螨的橘园使用。     

Acaricide toxicity and resistance in larvae of different strains of Tetranychus urticae and Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae)

The toxicities of eight structurally different acaricidal compounds to six‐legged larvae (first motile stage) of three laboratory strains of the two‐spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, and the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi, were evaluated following spray application. The larvae of five field‐derived strains of T urticae originating from France, Italy, Brazil, California and Florida were also tested for their susceptibilities to discriminating concentrations of several acaricides resulting in 95% mortality when applied to the organophosphate‐resistant laboratory reference strain WI. The spray bioassay used was robust and gave repeatable results with a wide range of acaricidal compounds, irrespective of their mode of action (ovo‐larvicides or primarily acting on motile life stages). Compounds tested were abamectin, azocyclotin, chlorpyrifos, clofentezine, deltamethrin, fenpyroximate, hexythiazox and pyridaben. Larvae of one of the laboratory strains of T urticae, AK, originally collected in Japan in 1996 and maintained without further selection pressure, exhibited 2000‐ and >4000‐fold resistance to the mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors pyridaben and fenpyroximate, respectively. Another strain of T urticae, AU, obtained from Australia and maintained in the laboratory under selection with hexythiazox and clofentezine since 1987 showed >770‐ and >1000‐fold resistance to clofentezine and hexythiazox, respectively. The same resistance pattern was observed against larvae of a laboratory strain of P ulmi, CE, also selected with hexythiazox. Larvae of one of the field‐derived strains of T urticae, BR, showed a lower susceptibility to a number of compounds, whilst the others were susceptible to all compounds except the organophosphates. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry