广西三种甜瓜病毒分离物的分子检测与鉴定

瓜类褪绿黄化病毒Cucurbits chlorotic yellows virus(CCYV)、甜瓜黄化斑点病毒Melon yellow spot virus(MYSV)及甜瓜坏死斑点病毒Melon necrotic spot virus(MNSV)是近年来报道侵染瓜类作物的新病毒,在个别种植区大面积发生,对生产构成严重威胁。为了解3种病毒在广西的发生情况,先后到各西甜瓜种植区进行了调查,并采集疑似CCYV、MYSV及MNSV的甜瓜病叶样品,提取病叶总RNA,通过特异性引物分别进行一步法RTPCR扩增,电泳结果显示RT-PCR产物与预期大小一致的序列条带;将扩增产物分别连接到pMD19-T克隆载体上,挑选阳性克隆子进行序列测定及比对分析。结果表明:CCYV、MYSV和MNSV广西分离物的CP基因序列与其他已报道核苷酸序列一致性分别达95.1%~100%、96.5%~99%和83.7%~92.5%。     

瓜类褪绿黄化病毒山东分离物全基因组序列扩增及分析

为明确分离自山东省寿光市甜瓜上的瓜类褪绿黄化病毒(cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus,CCYV)分离物的全基因组序列信息和遗传变异情况,利用毛形病毒属Crinivirus简并引物进行RTPCR检测,利用RACE技术结合RT-PCR方法克隆CCYV山东分离物2条RNA链的全基因组序列,通过与GenBank中其它地区CCYV分离物的全长序列进行比对分析其同源性,并基于CP基因序列构建系统进化树分析其遗传变异情况。结果表明,山东分离物经RT-PCR检测和测序后确定为CCYV。CCYV山东分离物与其它CCYV分离物的RNA1链和RNA2链的全基因组序列一致性的平均值分别为99.82%和99.88%,且2条链的5′末端均比较保守,没有碱基突变的情况发生;RNA1链3′末端存在2个碱基变异,RNA2链3′末端存在1个碱基变异。CCYV不同地区分离物主要分为3个簇群,其中山东分离物和中国其它地区分离物、日本分离物、苏丹分离物、黎巴嫩分离物和塞浦路斯分离物聚类在一起。研究表明CCYV基因组序列比较保守,该病毒的分化可能与地理来源存在一定的相关性。     

瓜类褪绿黄化病毒在山东省的流行调查及西葫芦分离物全基因组扩增与序列分析

瓜类褪绿黄化病毒(cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus, CCYV)给我国葫芦科作物造成了严重的经济损失。2014—2019年持续调查山东葫芦科作物产区CCYV的发生情况。调查结果表明：CCYV可以自然侵染西瓜、甜瓜、南瓜、黄瓜和西葫芦,样品检出率由2014年的1.7%增加到2019年的29.1%,西葫芦地块发病严重有进一步蔓延的趋势。利用RT-PCR结合RACE技术扩增CCYV西葫芦分离物全基因组序列。结果表明：CCYV西葫芦分离株的基因组RNA1和RNA2与GenBank分离株的相似性均为99.6%～100%,基于CCYV全基因组的系统发育进化树均聚类在一个分支上,与各个蛋白的进化树和相似性分析结果一致,CCYV在传播的过程中与寄主无关但可能跟地理位置有关。本研究扩增分析了CCYV西葫芦分离物的基因组序列,对CCYV的变异现状和进化趋势研究具有一定的参考价值。     

瓜类褪绿黄化病毒新疆分离物基因组分析

2016年秋季,新疆维吾尔自治区吐鲁番市哈密瓜大面积发生叶片黄化和褪绿的病害,症状呈瓜类褪绿黄化病毒(Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus,CCYV)引起的典型特征。通过CCYV的特异性引物对该疑似样本进行了RT-PCR检测,获得了预期大小的扩增片段。随后,对新疆的CCYV分离物(CCYV-Xinjiang)全长基因组进行克隆并测序,获得了CCYV-Xinjiang分离物的RNA1和RNA2全长序列信息。对CCYV-Xinjiang和来自Gen Bank数据库的其他CCYV分离物的基因组序列分析,不同分离物RNA1和RNA2两条链的一致性分别是99.65%~99.93%和99.68%~99.89%。单独对基因组的各个非翻译区(UTRs)和编码区的核苷酸变异分析,数据表明不同区域其变异程度不同,其中RNA2的3'UTR区域变异最大,而RNA1的2个UTRs区域变异最小。对已登录Gen Bank的所有CCYV分离物基因组系统进化树分析结果表明,所有分离物聚在同一个组。另外,对来自Gen Bank的18个分离物的外壳蛋白(CP)氨基酸序列进行系统进化树分析,表明来自伊朗的3个分离物分在组2(GroupⅡ),而来自亚洲其他地区的分离物均被分到组1(GroupⅠ)。基于CCYV基因组的信息,发现来自亚洲地区的CCYV的群体遗传变异很小。     

瓜类褪绿黄化病毒外壳蛋白基因在大肠杆菌中的表达及抗血清的制备

 根据已报道的瓜类褪绿黄化病毒(Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus, CCYV)外壳蛋白(CP)基因的核苷酸序列设计引物,利用RT-PCR方法从感病甜瓜中扩增得到长度为753 bp的CP基因,将其克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-4T-3上,获得重组载体pGexCP,在大肠杆菌BL21菌株中诱导表达,SDS-PAGE分析表明,经IPTG诱导,CP基因在大肠杆菌BL21中得到了高效表达。以表达的蛋白为抗原,免疫家兔,制备了CCYV外壳蛋白的特异性抗血清。ACP-ELISA检测结果表明,当CP蛋白浓度为2.5 μg/mL时,血清效价高达5.12×10⁵。Western blot分析表明制备的抗体检测CCYV侵染的甜瓜叶片得到特异性的条带,表明该抗体的特异性较好。ACP-ELISA检测结果表明,制备的抗血清可用于田间甜瓜病样的检测。本试验为CCYV的快速检测提供了重要的研究材料。     

甜瓜坏死斑点病毒山东分离物的基因组

甜瓜坏死斑点病毒(Melon necrotic spot virus,MNSV)是我国甜瓜病毒新纪录种,主要靠种子和土壤真菌传播。本文以MNSV山东分离物(MNSV-Shandong)为材料,利用RT-PCR和RACE技术获得了MNSV山东分离物基因组,并分析了其基因组成和进化关系。MNSV-Shandong基因组为4 267 nt,编码5个ORF,参与复制的p29和p89基因分别编码29 kDa和89 kDa蛋白质;p42基因编码的外壳蛋白为42 kDa;p7A和p7B基因编码的移动蛋白均为7 kDa。系统进化树表明MNSV-Shandong与海门分离物(MNSV-HM)聚在一起,与欧洲、部分亚洲及北美洲在一个分支上,与日本分离物距离较远。本文为国内首次报道MNSV山东分离物基因组。     

一种侵染滇重楼的Potexvirus病毒分离物分子鉴定及其3′末端序列分析

从云南武定的滇重楼上得到一个病毒分离物Paris-YN,病毒粒体为弯曲线状。利用RT-PCR扩增获得一条1074bp的片段,序列比较分析发现其与马铃薯X病毒属(Potexvirus)病毒3′末端的结构最为相似,且与属内的白三叶草花叶病毒等20个不同分离物3′末端有36.7%～58.9%的同源性;该病毒cp基因长639个核苷酸,编码212个氨基酸(22.8kDa),与20个Potexvirus病毒分离物的CP氨基酸序列比较发现,Paris-YN与白三叶草花叶病毒的CP氨基酸同源性最高(60.1%)。证据表明,该分离物可能为Potexvirus的新成员,暂命名为重楼X病毒(Paris polyphylla virus X)。     

甜瓜坏死斑点病毒广西分离物近全基因组序列克隆及分析

正甜瓜坏死斑点病由甜瓜坏死斑点病毒(Melon necrotic spot virus,MNSV)引起,最早报道于日本(Kishi,1966),中国于2008年首次在江苏省海门市的甜瓜上发现,随后在山东省寿光、泰安等市陆续被报道,严重影响瓜类的品质与质量。吴会杰和古勤生(2017)分析了MNSV-HM和MNSV-Shangdong甜瓜分离物基因组,进化分析结果显示二者亲缘关系较近,可能具有相同来源。近年来,广西壮族自治区甜瓜生产发展较快,病毒病发生有逐年加重之势,因此本研究     

一种侵染滇重楼的Potexvirus病毒分离物分子鉴定及其3'末端序列分析

 从云南武定的滇重楼上得到一个病毒分离物Paris-YN,病毒粒体为弯曲线状。利用RT-PCR扩增获得一条1074bp的片段,序列比较分析发现其与马铃薯X病毒属(Potexvirus)病毒3'末端的结构最为相似,且与属内的白三叶草花叶病毒等20个不同分离物3'末端有36.7%~58.9%的同源性;该病毒cp基因长639个核苷酸,编码212个氨基酸(22.8kDa),与20个Potexvirus病毒分离物的CP氨基酸序列比较发现,Paris-YN与白三叶草花叶病毒的CP氨基酸同源性最高(60.1%)。证据表明,该分离物可能为Potexvirus的新成员,暂命名为重楼X病毒(Paris polyphylla virus X)。     

Watermelon necrosis caused by a strain of melon necrotic spot virus

A severe disease of watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) grown in plastic houses in Crete, was characterized by leaf and stem necrosis followed by death of the plants. A strain of melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) was identified as the causal agent of the disease on the basis of biological, morphological and serological properties. The watermelon strain of MNSV induced only local necrotic lesions in melon and cucumber plants and was serologically distinct from MNSV Cretan isolate. Gomphrena globosa was found a useful herbaceous host for differentiating it from common isolates of MNSV.     

Genetic diversity of Melon necrotic spot virus and Olpidium isolates from different origins

The geographic incidence, genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) and Olpidium isolates were studied in three cucurbit species from several Latin American and European countries on different collecting dates. Of the 112 cucurbit samples analysed, 69 from Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama and Spain were DAS‐ELISA‐positive for MNSV. Olpidium bornovanus and O. virulentus infections, and MNSV infections mixed with these Olpidium species, were observed for all these countries. Twenty‐nine MNSV isolates from all the origins where the virus was detected were selected and amplified by RT‐PCR. The resulting RT‐PCR of the p29, p89, p7A, p7B and p42 proteins was used to estimate the genetic diversity and the phylogenetic relationships of the MNSV population. The sequences obtained in this study were compared with the MNSV sequences of the NCBI database, and three groups were recovered by nucleotide composition according to geographical origins: the EU‐LA genotype group (with two subgroups: EU and LA, European and Latin American isolates, respectively), the JP melon genotype group (Japanese melon reference isolates) and the JP watermelon genotype group (Japanese watermelon reference isolates). The genetic diversity in the entire p7A and p7B proteins of MNSV suggests that these coding regions are under strong selective pressure. Additionally, the rDNA‐ITS region was analysed in 40 O. bornovanus and O. virulentus isolates associated with each geographical location and host examined. Phylogenetic analysis showed two groups for each Olpidium species, and these groupings were related to the host from which they were originally isolated.     

Production of antiserum and immunodetection of Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus,a novel whitefly-transmitted crinivirus

Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV), a whitefly-transmitted virus, is a new member of the Crinivirus genus, that causes major economic losses in cucumber, melon and watermelon crops. To develop immunodiagnostic methods for CCYV, we produced an antiserum by immunizing rabbits with bacterially expressed recombinant coat protein of CCYV and detected CCYV from CCYV-infected plants with western blotting and immunoelectron microscopy. CCYV in extracts from infected plants was also readily detected by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with high sensitivity and specificity. A tissue blot immunoassay indicated that CCYV localizes in the phloem tissues of the petiole and is distributed in tiny spots within the leaf lamina.     

瓜类褪绿黄化病毒自然侵染南瓜及分子进化分析

 瓜类褪绿黄化病毒(cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus,CCYV)可侵染多种瓜类,主要危害叶片,影响其光合作用,导致减产。采集湖南省南瓜疑似病毒病样品经siRNA测序发现CCYV,进一步RT-PCR验证CCYV可自然侵染南瓜,检出率为5.78%,这是我国内地首次发现CCYV可自然侵染南瓜。持续调查发现CCYV侵染湖南南瓜呈逐年上升趋势。克隆CCYV CP基因,进行系统发生、遗传变异、选择压力和基因漂流分析,发现CCYV种群分布呈明显地理相关性。自然选择和遗传漂变是CCYV进化的主要驱动力,中国种群存在正选择作用,CCYV正在发生适应性改变。CCYV种群数量正处于扩张状态。研究结果可为CCYV侵染南瓜的预警和防控提供科技支撑。     

Reduction of deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination by improved fungicide use in wheat. Part 1. Dependence on epidemic severity and resistance level in small plot tests with artificial inoculation.

During the growing seasons 2014 and 2015, 134 cucumber and 103 weed samples showing typical yellowing diseases symptoms accompanied by chlorotic spots and interveinal chlorosis were collected from Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia. For this reason, RT-PCR was conducted for detection of two criniviruses, Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) and Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) which are implicated in cucurbit yellows disease. Results showed the presence of CCYV and CYSDV in cucumber samples in 61.1% and 19.4%, respectively, whereas 9% of the plants were contained mixed infection. In addition, four weed species were identified, for the first time, as alternative hosts of CCYV; whereas CYSDV was reported only in Malva parviflora plants. Partial nucleotide sequencing analysis was conducted using 13 CCYV and five of CYSDV isolates originated from cucumber and wild hosts. Both viruses exhibited low genetic diversity; however, phylogenetic analysis clustered the obtained CYSDV isolates in a separated group, named the “Eastern subpopulation”, while CCYV isolates were classified into subgroups IIa and IIb, among other published sequences, forming a different evolutionary lineage from group I, which contained an isolate from Iran.     

瓜类褪绿黄化病毒(Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus)在湖南省的首次报道及其流行动态研究

正瓜类褪绿黄化病毒Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus(CCYV)属长线形病毒科(closteroviridae)毛形病毒属(crinivirus)~([1]),在世界范围内给蔬菜生产造成了严重危害,病毒侵染造成果实重量减轻10%~33%,产量减少10%~12%~([2])。CCYV不能靠摩擦接毒,只能由烟粉虱以半持久方式传播,其