共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 703 毫秒
1.
昆虫普遍会感染多种共生菌,共生菌在其宿主的生理、生态及进化等方面发挥着至关重要的作用。近年来大量研究表明,昆虫与共生菌的共生关系易受环境温度变化的影响;同时,共生菌直接或间接参与调控昆虫宿主对温度胁迫的响应。该文综述了温度对昆虫与共生菌共生关系的影响和昆虫共生菌在宿主温度适应中的作用、潜在机制及其生态学意义;并基于当前共生菌调控昆虫温度适应性方面的研究进展,建议后续可聚焦于自然条件下变温胁迫对昆虫与共生菌互作的影响、共生菌调控昆虫适应性进化的行为及分子机制和基于共生菌的害虫防治新手段开发与应用等方面开展研究。该文可为全球气候变化和极端温度频发背景下昆虫与共生菌的协同进化研究以及利用共生菌进行害虫防控工作提供参考。 相似文献
2.
昆虫内共生菌-昆虫-植物互作关系研究进展 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0
在长期的协同进化过程中,昆虫与其体内的共生菌建立了密切的互利共生关系。昆虫内共生菌不仅能调控宿主昆虫的营养代谢和生殖代谢,还能协助昆虫抵御生物、非生物胁迫,提高昆虫对化学农药的抗性及对寄主植物的适应性等。因此,内共生菌是宿主昆虫生长发育及适应性的重要调控因子。目前,随着组学技术的不断发展,内共生菌在宿主昆虫和寄主植物中的原位功能不断被挖掘,通过对内共生菌-昆虫-植物互作模型的研究,将进一步揭示昆虫内共生菌与昆虫、植物的互作机理,加深对昆虫适应性机制的理解并推进新型害虫防控和靶标技术的研发。本文就昆虫内共生菌的起源、特点、分布和传递,昆虫内共生菌在昆虫-植物-环境互作中的作用,以及昆虫内共生菌研究的方法和新技术等方面进行了综述,并对未来昆虫内共生菌介导的防御效应及昆虫适应性机理等热点问题进行了展望。 相似文献
3.
昆虫病原线虫与体内细菌共生,专性寄生在昆虫体内,在害虫生物防治中发挥着重要作用。昆虫病原线虫致病性研究是其高效应用的基础,涉及线虫及其共生细菌对昆虫的交互作用。本文针对斯氏属和异小杆属线虫的致病因子及这类线虫与寄主昆虫互作机制进行了综述,为昆虫病原线虫的致病机制研究和应用提供参考。 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
温度是限制物种适应性分布的重要因子,决定着物种的分布和扩散区域。昆虫作为小型变温动物,对温度变化十分敏感,温度胁迫反应是其抵御极端环境的最保守的机制之一。其中表观遗传学为昆虫提供了更快的温度胁迫响应机制,与经典遗传学不同,表观遗传学在不改变DNA序列的前提下响应环境变化对基因表达产生快速而持久的影响。表观遗传调控包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、染色质重塑、非编码RNA调控等,本文主要阐述了以上四个方面在昆虫响应温度胁迫中的应用和研究进展,以探究昆虫在温度变化中的适应能力。 相似文献
9.
应用生物测定法,研究了甘肃省3种土著昆虫病原线虫的4个优良品系共生菌的杀虫活性,及日光和紫外照射、温度对杀虫活性的影响。结果表明,不同线虫及品系共生菌对大蜡螟的胃毒活性存在显著差异,异小杆线虫共生菌HMP0627对大蜡螟的胃毒活性最高,校正死亡率和体重抑制率分别为22.20%和36.02%,斯氏线虫共生菌SAX0664对大蜡螟也有较高的致死作用。4个线虫品系共生菌对日光和紫外光照射都有较强的适应性,1.999 mmol/(m2·s)日光下照射1 h和18 W紫外灯照射30 min仍具有胃毒毒力。不同共生菌对温度的适应性存在显著差异,随着温度的升高,共生菌的胃毒毒力显著下降。到50 ℃时,异小杆线虫共生菌HMP0627仍有较高的致死率和体重抑制率,斯氏线虫共生菌SKX0657仍有较高的体重抑制率。 相似文献
10.
不同地区不同寄主植物上孤雌桃蚜及不同蚜型桃蚜共生菌的多样性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了解桃蚜Myzus persicae共生菌动态变化的影响因素,利用诊断PCR、通用引物PCR及PCR-DGGE技术检测不同地区、不同寄主植物、不同蚜型桃蚜体内共生菌的种类,并用诊断PCR技术测定桃蚜体内次生共生菌的感染率。结果显示,不同地区、不同寄主植物、不同蚜型桃蚜体内初生共生菌布赫纳氏菌Buchnera aphidicola的16SrRNA基因序列高度一致。不同地区相同寄主上孤雌桃蚜体内次生共生菌的种类和感染率均不相同。同一地区不同寄主上孤雌桃蚜体内次生共生菌的种类和感染率略有差异。桃树上不同蚜型桃蚜体内次生共生菌种类有很大差异,孤雌蚜、雌性蚜和雄蚜未感染次生共生菌,卵和干雌分别感染杀雄菌Arsenophonus和沃尔巴克氏菌Wolbachia,干母感染沙雷氏菌Serratia symbiotica和杀雄菌。表明寄主植物、地理位置和生殖方式都影响桃蚜体内次生共生菌的感染模式,不同蚜型间次生共生菌菌群变化更大。 相似文献
11.
共生菌参与昆虫宿主的多种生理活动,而昆虫则为共生菌提供了良好的增殖环境,两者互利共生。共生菌的种类、丰度和功能均因昆虫种类和发育阶段的不同而有所差异。该文总结了昆虫共生菌研究概况及已报道的昆虫共生菌种类,重点介绍了共生菌调控昆虫宿主生长发育和生殖的研究进展,包括共生菌通过协助宿主营养代谢及抵御病原菌来调控宿主的生长发育速率;胞内共生细菌沃尔巴克氏体Wolbachia通过胞质不亲和、雌性化、雄性致死以及诱导孤雌生殖调控宿主的生殖力;胞外共生细菌则通过参与宿主营养代谢、改变宿主生殖行为和影响宿主生殖细胞来调控昆虫宿主的生殖力,以及共生菌调控宿主生殖的可能分子机制。同时,该文还在深入探讨共生菌功能、拓宽研究宿主种类及共生菌在抗菌防虫中的应用等方面进行了展望。共生菌对昆虫宿主生长发育和生殖调控作用的研究有助于进一步揭示昆虫与共生菌的协同进化机制,并为进一步利用共生菌进行害虫治理奠定理论基础。 相似文献
12.
气候变暖对农业害虫及其天敌的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
全球气候的持续变暖引起了人类的高度关注。农业害虫是关系到农业生产顺利进行的一个特殊的昆虫类群,已经受到温度升高的影响。本文从气候变暖对农业害虫的发生、为害以及与天敌间关系的影响等三方面进行了综述。温度升高导致农业害虫的发生区域扩张,发生期提前和延长,高温适生种群发生量增大;农业害虫的为害时期改变,为害程度加重,为害物种之间产生新的竞争关系;农业害虫与寄主植物、天敌之间的同步性发生改变,继而影响到农业害虫的生物防治。本文最后对当前的研究工作进行了评述,就气候变暖形势下农业害虫的防治提出建议。 相似文献
13.
昆虫病原线虫是一类专性侵染和寄生昆虫的病原线虫,是非常重要的生防资源。斯氏线虫属Steinernema和致病杆菌属Xenorhabdus通过形成共生体在侵染昆虫过程中共同完成生活史,其中致病杆菌释放效应物质引发昆虫败血症是其重要机制。该文对斯氏线虫-致病杆菌共生体的侵染策略和在侵染过程中产生的免疫调节因子、释放的毒素蛋白和活性代谢物进行概述,其中,苯乙酰胺作为免疫抑制因子促进自身定殖,脂多糖作为内毒素引起寄主血细胞裂解,Tc毒素蛋白作为外毒素导致寄主中肠上皮细胞溶解,活性代谢产物如xenematides、fabclavine和PAX肽等具有抑菌、诱导细胞凋亡等活性。而斯氏线虫本身也能够产生表皮/分泌蛋白来抑制寄主免疫,与共生菌协同致死寄主。因此,通过对斯氏线虫-致病杆菌共生体产生的致病物质进行汇总分析,为研究昆虫病原线虫致病机制提供理论参考,同时也为新型绿色杀虫剂的开发和应用提供证据支持。 相似文献
14.
Insects are exposed to a variety of stress factors in their environment, and, in many cases for insect pests to agriculture, those factors include toxic chemical insecticides. Coping with the toxicity of insecticides can be costly and requires energy and resource allocation for adaptation and survival. Several behavioural, physiological and genetic mechanisms are used by insects to handle toxic insecticides, sometimes leading to resistance by constitutive overexpression of detoxification enzymes or inducing mutations in the target sites. Such actions are costly and may affect reproduction, impair dispersal ability and have several other effects on the insect's fitness. Fitness costs resulting from resistance to insecticides has been reported in many insects from different orders, and several examples are given in this mini‐review. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
15.
通过对取食不同寄主植物的暗黑鳃金龟生殖力和卵巢发育的观察发现,食物对暗黑鳃金龟产卵量影响显著,取食榆树叶的暗黑鳃金龟产卵量最高,平均单雌产卵量为39.30粒;取食桃树叶的暗黑鳃金龟产卵量最低,平均单雌为4.72粒;两者相差8倍。食物对暗黑鳃金龟的卵巢发育也存在明显影响,取食榆树叶的暗黑鳃金龟卵巢最长,平均为9.34mm;取食桃树叶的暗黑鳃金龟卵巢最短,平均为6.12mm,与取食榆树叶的卵巢长度差异显著。产卵量(Y)与其产卵前期(X1)和卵巢长度(X2)存在极显著的线性相关,并通过回归分析建立了群体产卵量的计算公式:Y=-713.82-9.23 X1+160.53 X2(P0.01)(R2=0.79)。 相似文献
16.
Herbivorous insects offer a remarkable example of the biological diversity that formed the foundation for Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. The ability of insects to evolve resistance rapidly to insecticides and host‐plant resistance present a continual challenge for pest management. This paper considers the manner in which genetic constraints, host‐plant availability and trade‐offs affect the evolution of herbivorous insects in natural and agricultural environments, and the extent to which lessons learned from studying natural systems may be applied to improve insect resistance management in agricultural systems. Studies on the genetic architecture of adaptation by herbivores to host plants and to insecticides are reviewed. The genetic basis of resistance is an important component of simulation models that predict the evolution of resistance. These models often assume monogenic resistance, but available data suggest that this assumption may be overly narrow and that modeling of resistance as oligogenic or polygenic may be more appropriate. As omics (e.g. genomics and proteomics) technologies become more accessible, a better understanding of the genetic basis of resistance will be possible. Trade‐offs often accompany adaptations by herbivores. Trade‐offs arise when the benefit of a trait, such as the ability to feed on a novel host plant or to survive in the presence of an insecticide, is counterbalanced by fitness costs that decrease fitness in the absence of the selective agent. For resistance to insecticides, and resistance to insecticidal transgenic crops in particular, fitness costs may act as an evolutionary constraint and delay or prevent the evolution of resistance. An important observation is that certain ecological factors such as host plants and entomopathogens can magnify fitness costs, which is termed ecological negative cross‐resistance. The application of omics technologies may allow for more efficient identification of factors that will impose ecological negative cross‐resistance, thereby bolstering insect resistance management. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
17.
18.
19.
Robert D. Possee P. Jane Cayley Jenny S. Cory David H. L. Bishop 《Pest management science》1993,39(2):109-115
Baculoviruses are natural pathogens of insects which have been used as biopesticides. In contrast to many chemical agents, baculoviruses affect only a limited number of insects and so can be used to target particular insect species. Unfortunately, unless the host receives a very high virus dose, the insect continues to feed and causes damage to crops, because the virus takes several days to kill it. This lag is unacceptable in the protection of many crops, especially where cosmetic damage seriously reduces the value of a crop (e.g. fruit). Strategies have been devised recently to circumvent this problem. The baculovirus genome has been modified, using genetic engineering techniques, to incorporate foreign genes encoding insect-specific toxins, or hormones or enzymes. Expression of some of these genes in the virus-infected host insect has been shown to reduce both the feeding damage to crop plants and the time taken to kill the insect pest. The current status of this developing field is described, together with an assessment of the possible risks involved in using such genetically modified agents in the environment. 相似文献