华北平原旱作区农田害鼠化学防治技术的优化筛选研究

作者研究了不同投饵方式,不同灭鼠季节和不同杀鼠剂的农田灭鼠效果,并研究了溴代毒鼠磷和磷化锌不同浓度与不同投饵量对农田害鼠的灭杀率,筛选出了农田灭鼠优化技术:封锁带式投饵,0.5%溴代毒鼠磷小麦毒饵每堆投饵2克,全年中灭鼠适期为3—4月份。这套优化灭鼠技术较从前采用的灭鼠技术提高了灭效,而且大幅度降低了灭鼠成本。     

华北平原旱作区农田害鼠化学防治技术的优化筛选研究

作者研究了不同投饵方式,不同灭鼠季节和不同杀鼠剂的农田灭鼠效果,并研究了溴代毒鼠磷和磷化锌不同浓度与不同投饵量对农田害鼠的灭杀率,筛选出了农田灭鼠优化技术:封锁带式投饵,0.5%溴代毒鼠磷小麦毒饵每堆投饵2克,全年中灭鼠适期为3-4月份。这套优化灭鼠技术较从前采用的灭鼠技术提高了灭效,而且大幅度降低了灭鼠成本。     

农田灭鼠毒饵投放方法的研究

在应用毒饵防治农田害鼠的工作中,人们常用棋盘式投饵,按10米投1行,5米投1堆全田毒饵覆盖;起到了一定的灭鼠效果,但用饵量大、费工、经济效益低。1983—1986年经作者研究表明封锁带式投饵较为理想。     

稻田不同鼠密度投饵量及防效试验

稻田不同鼠密度投饵量及防效试验练德进，林巧玉（福建省武平县植保站３６４３００）为确定稻田不同鼠密度下每亩最佳投饵量，以达到经济有效的灭鼠目的，１９９２年９—１０月间在我县中赤乡进行了投饵量试验。试验于９月１９—２１日选择两个鼠密度不同的田块，优势鼠种...     

竹筒毒饵站农田灭鼠效果观察

取材方便,制作简单的竹筒毒饵站应用于农田药剂灭鼠的效果可达80%以上,并可降低投饵量,延长毒饵有效期,提高毒饵利用率,有效避免环境污染和非靶标动物误食,有较高的推广价值。     

提高农村鼠害治理技术的对策

根据我国目前农村鼠害治理现状,提出加强灭鼠组织工作,改进灭鼠技术,尤其是毒饵配制、投饵方法和毒饵量,严厉取缔违禁剧毒急性灭鼠剂。应重视鼠害生态治理,在鼠传疾病高发区,慎用养猫防鼠。     

稻田不同鼠密度投饵量及防效试验

为确定稻田不同鼠密度下每666.7hm~2最佳投饵量,以达到经济有效的灭鼠目的。1992年9～10月在中赤乡进行了该项试验。     

雷公藤甲素毒杀农田害鼠效果观察

为观察0.25%雷公藤甲素毒饵对农区鼠类的适口性和杀灭效果,在贵州凯里农区对该药剂与0.005%溴敌隆毒饵分别进行了适口性测定和灭鼠效果比较。投饵后第1天到第3天,0.25%雷公藤甲素毒饵的被取食率从17.00%到23.93%,平均为20.44%;对照药剂0.005%溴敌隆毒饵的被取食率从19.00%到25.67%,平均为22.54%。投饵后第15天测定灭鼠效果,0.25%雷公藤甲素毒饵投放100 g/667m2处理的校正灭鼠效果为74.98%,投放50 g/667m2处理为69.42%;0.005%溴敌隆毒饵投放100 g/667m2处理的校正灭鼠效果为78.83%。两种毒饵对农区鼠类的适口性和灭鼠效果相近,没有显著差异,可在贵州农区灭鼠中轮换使用。     

农田害鼠投饵防治适期的研究

防治农田害鼠适期投放毒饵既能有效地控制鼠害,又能提高灭鼠效益。作者1983— 1985年根据害鼠胃内食物构成季节变动及不同季节灭鼠对比试验结果等综合分析,得出了防治农田害鼠的投饵适期,经近几年大面积灭鼠验证效果良好,现将结果整理如下。一、害鼠胃内食物构成的季节变化野外的自然食物条件直接影响着害鼠对     

溴敌隆4种投饵方法灭鼠效果比较

我们于１９９４年引进灭鼠药溴敌隆,在试验研究的基础上制定了农田四埂旁封闭式投饵法。为明确该法与其他方法的灭鼠效果,科学地指导大面积灭鼠,１９９５年８月我们在昭通市进行了对比试验,结果表明农田四埂旁封闭式投饵法最为理想。１　试验区概况灭鼠试验区选在昭通市城郊农田,海拔１９４０ｍ,属山间小盆地,一年种植两季,灭鼠期种植玉米。农田鼠种齐氏姬鼠Ａｐｏｄｅｍｕｓｃｈｅｖｒｉｅｒｉ占７２－２％,其他为昭通绒鼠及黄胸鼠等。试验区按地形划为相等的３个大区域１５个小区,每小区面积为６－７ｈｍ２,区间挖塘放石灰作标…     

A New Virus of Longan (Euphoria longana Lam.) in Hong Kong

Abstract

Rattus norvegicus occurs in Singapore, with several other commensal rodent species. This preliminary study examined populations and a possible control method in urban and semi-urban areas. Commensal rats are generally undesirable, and a possible role for R. norvegicus in spreading any introduced plague is a particular worry. Populations were examined by catch, mark, release (CMR) and by removal (regression) methods. Species and numbers indicated by removal were—R. norvegicus (57.4, 31.9 and 48.5/ha in different trials), R. exulans (37.2/ha) and Mus musculus (8.3/ha). There were indications that these figures were very considerable underestimates; a Lincoln Index, using recovered dead rats (after poisoning in a CMR Plot) as the second sample, estimated R. norvegicus at 985/ha (i.e. in a ca 0.6 ha plot—618 ± 694); the recovery of only three out of 32 marked rats, and the presence of many dead but uncollected rats, even though more than the number estimated by removal was picked up in the plot (58) Banana, coconut and dried fish cage baits all trapped rats. Maize cakes were not worth the extra labour. Analysis of catch by trap position suggested that R. exulans is more common upon roofs, R. norvegicus was absent from a semi-rural environment in which R. r. diardii was common. In a control programme, wax-bound maize-based anticoagulant baits were used—distributed at 91/ha, replaced, at 2—4 day intervals if accepted, to total nine rounds and 818 baits/ha at a cost of M$21.00. Acceptance of baits was high initially, and further trapping showed that reasonable control had been obtained. This method seems more appropriate to the conditions than the permanent baiting stations used in temperate areas, because of the lack of discrete points in sewers etc., the disrupting influence of frequent tropical storms, rapid deterioration of baits, and competition from other animals, particularly ants. Drawbacks include the danger to non-target animals from the baits and the temporary stench of dead rats.     

Neophobia in wild rats is elicited by using bait stations but not bait trays

Brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) are among the most common vertebrates often becoming a major pest in urban environments. Managing rat populations is difficult, given the complex behaviours these murids can display. To help improve local control, we studied the response of wild rats to bait stations comparing baits placed on three different kinds of surfaces (on the ground, on trays and in bait stations) near burrows. We show that rats neither avoided nor preferred any tray type in particular – the latency to pick up the food pellet from the ground did not differ from the latency to pick it up from trays. However, the latency to pick the food pellet was significantly higher when food was placed in bait stations. We conclude that for effective administration of toxic baits, common bait stations are not the most effective method and should be used only in cases when placing baits directly on the ground or on a tray poses a threat to other animals and humans.     

简述引诱剂在实蝇防治中的作用

引诱剂是实蝇类害虫监测、调查和防治中最重要的手段之一,被广泛采用。本文对实蝇引诱剂的种类与诱捕范围进行了总结,并简述了引诱剂在实蝇防治中的监测与防治作用。     

红火蚁疫情灭除技术示范

在对红火蚁检疫、监测、防治技术及疫区管理等全面研究的基础上,在深圳大工业区开展红火蚁疫情防除技术示范。1年中经2次全面防治、重点补治,示范区有效蚁巢减退94%以上,工蚁数量减少97%以上,为红火蚁疫情灭除工作积累了经验。     

大豆菌核病的防治适期与防治指标

采用系统调查和统计分析的方法，研究了大豆菌核病的防治适期和防治指标。试验结果表明，子囊盘发生期与大豆开花期的重叠盛期是菌核病防治适期，一般以7月20－25日为宜。7月25日前子囊盘数量和病情指数与产量损失极相关，而且子囊盘数量作为产量损失估计和防治指标确定更为科学准确，其回归模型为Y＝－4．5499＋2．311X（r=0.8442)，防治指标为3－4个子囊盘／9．75m^2。     

Rat control by trapping in deepwater rice

Studies conducted at the deepwater rice research site of the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute during 1989–1992 revealed that bandicoot rats in flooded deepwater rice (DWR) fields can be controlled effectively by the use of live traps. Intensive trapping during the flooding period significantly reduced damage to elongating stems and grain yield. Live traps were found to be superior to snap traps. Traps need to be placed on a float. Trap floats served as roosts for the exhausted rats that swam from the raised areas to the flooded rice fields. Floats made of banana trunk (after fruit harvest) were inexpensive and lasted for 2–3 weeks. Fresh snail flesh or paddy grains were effective trap baits. Field monitoring is an essential part of the trapping programme. The programme should be Initiated at the beginning of stem cutting in the field and continue until its cessation. Collective effort may be useful but not essential, when a DWR field is attacked an individual farmer can adopt the method to control rats.     

Brodifacoum is effective against Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) in a tyrosine139cysteine focus of anticoagulant resistance in Westphalia,Germany

BACKGROUND: The tyrosine to cysteine amino acid substitution at location 139 of the vkorc1 protein (i.e. tyrosine139cysteine or Y139C) is the most widespread anticoagulant resistance mutation in Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus Berk.) in Europe. Field trials were conducted to determine the incidence of the Y139C mutation at two rat‐infested farms in Westphalia, Germany, and to estimate the practical efficacy against them of applications, using a pulsed baiting treatment regime, of a proprietary bait (Klerat^?) containing 0.005% brodifacoum. RESULTS: DNA analysis for the Y139C mutation showed that resistant rats were prevalent at the two farms, with an incidence of 80.0 and 78.6% respectively. Applications of brodifacoum bait achieved results of 99.2 and 100.0% control at the two farms, when measured by census baiting, although the treatment was somewhat prolonged at one site, possibly owing to the abundance of attractive alternative food. CONCLUSION: The study showed that 0.005% brodifacoum bait is fully effective against Norway rats possessing the Y139C mutation at the Münsterland focus and is likely to be so elsewhere in Europe where this mutation is found. The pulsed baiting regime reduced to relatively low levels the quantity of bait required to control these two substantial resistant Norway rat infestations. Previous studies had shown much larger quantities of bromadiolone and difenacoum baits used in largely ineffective treatments against Y139C resistant rats in the Münsterland. These results should be considered when making decisions about the use of anticoagulants against resistant Norway rats and their potential environmental impacts. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

小家鼠选择性摄食试验

在毒饵杀灭家栖鼠类中,诱饵和诱饵增味剂常常受到重视,但由于地理、地产农作物的不同及人类生活习惯差异,造成鼠类对各种食物的选择。就同人类具有明显的地方口味一样,鼠类可能也有地方口味。为了解乌鲁木齐市的主要鼠种——小家鼠的地方口味,我们做了下述实验。 1.材料和方法 1.1.试验用鼠:捕自乌鲁木齐市某商场和某学院的小家鼠,即以溴氰菊酯除去体外寄生     

淡紫拟青霉、厚垣轮枝菌生防菌剂对当归“麻口病”的防治效果

为了明确淡紫拟青霉、厚垣轮枝菌生防菌剂对当归生长量的影响及对麻口病的防治效果,进行了田间药效试验。结果表明,两种生防菌剂在当归移栽时拌细干土穴施对当归生长量(出苗、株高、叶片数、冠幅)有一定的影响;但可有效防治当归麻口病,其中淡紫拟青霉颗粒剂41.25kg/hm2处理组防效最高,为63.43%,与其他处理差异显著(P0.05);各处理对当归有较好的增产作用,增产率为25.78%~63.01%,其中淡紫拟青霉颗粒剂45.00kg/hm2处理增产率最高,为63.01%,其次为厚垣轮枝菌微粒剂33.75kg/hm2处理,增产率为61.67%;菌剂各处理相比对照可明显提高特等归比例。淡紫拟青霉颗粒剂41.25、45.00kg/hm2和厚垣轮枝菌微粒剂33.75kg/hm2穴施可有效防治当归麻口病,提高当归产量,可用于生产上防治当归麻口病。     

Bait aggregation to reduce cost and toxin use in aerial 1080 baiting of small mammal pests in New Zealand

BACKGROUND: The metabolic toxin sodium fluoroacetate (‘compound 1080’) is widely used for controlling introduced mammalian pests in New Zealand. For large-scale operations, 1080 is distributed aerially in bait to kill brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula Kerr) and ship rats (Rattus rattus L.). While usually successful in reducing pest populations by > 80%, widespread distribution of toxic bait is relatively expensive and raises concerns from some members of the public. Here, trials with spatial aggregation of baits in forested habitats were conducted to determine whether this can reduce toxin usage while maintaining operational efficacy. RESULTS: When 1080 baits were aggregated into clusters (by hand sowing) or into strips (by precision aerial deployment), indices of possum relative abundance were reduced by 92–100%, compared with 73–100% reductions using conventional aerial broadcasting, while all methods reduced relative abundance indices of rats by 88% or greater. Radio tracking indicated a kill rate of > 90% against possums, regardless of bait distribution method. CONCLUSIONS: Simply by modifying bait distribution patterns, spatial aggregation can be used to maintain the high encounter rate of pests with 1080 bait that is necessary for operational efficacy, while reducing current toxin usage by up to 80%. Aggregated bait delivery could have relevance for other mammalian pest control scenarios internationally. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry