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近几年来 ,随着我市种植结构的调整 ,优质稻在我市推广种植的面积不断扩大 ,已成为我市水稻生产的主导品种。 2 0 0 1年荆州市优质稻种植面积达1 3.33万 hm2 ,占水稻种植面积的 35 %以上 ,主要分布在监利、松滋、公安、石首、洪湖等县市 ,其品种主要有 :舟优 90 3、中鉴 1 0 0、嘉育 948、荆优早1 0 4、鄂早 1 2、两优培九、扬稻 6号、中国香稻、 优 5 0 1、金优 92 8、湘晚系列等。优质稻虽有高产、优质、高效等特点 ,但在田期间其病虫发生与普通水稻也有一定的区别。现将我市优质稻病虫发生的主要特点及原因分述如下。1 优质稻病虫的主… 相似文献
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近几年 ,由于种植结构战略性调整 ,我市优质稻种植面积逐年上升 ,今年已达到 2 2 .4万 hm2 ,其中早稻 7万 hm2 ,中稻 6.5万 hm2 ,晚稻 8.8万 hm2 ,占整个水稻种植面积的 70 %以上 ,因此优质稻的病虫发生特点也就是我市 2 0 0 1年水稻病虫的发生特点。但随着水稻优良品种种植面积的逐年扩大 ,病虫害的发生状况和规律发生了较大的变化 ,2 0 0 1年又受到百年未遇干旱的影响 ,其特点更值得研究 ,现就具体情况作如下研究分析。1 优质稻病虫发生特点及原因分析1 .1 总的发生特点今年我市优质水稻上发生的主要病虫害有五虫三病 ,即二化螟、三化螟… 相似文献
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水稻是我场主要粮食作物,常年种植面积1 000hm2,其产量的高低直接关系到农业增效、农民增收,因此,搞好水稻规范化栽培和病虫害的综合防治是确保水稻高产、稳产、优质不可缺少的技术措施。作者根据近几年来最新调查结果,探讨了水稻在我场生产条件下病虫害防治与品种、肥料、土壤及相应栽培水平的关系,为大同湖农场高产、稳产、优质栽培途径提供依据。1研究方法1·1大田调查,重点调查不同年份、不同播期、大致相同管理水平下主推品种产量表现及不同品种、施肥与病虫害发生的关系。1·2品种定向试验:2003年参式品种有两优培九,国丰一号,Ⅱ优明8… 相似文献
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20 0 2年襄樊市蔬菜播种面积7 35万hm2 ,较上年增 0 17hm2 ,其中食菜类为 6 4 1万hm2 ,藕 0 94万hm2 ,较上年增0 0 9万hm2 ,西瓜1 80万hm2 ,较上年增 0 0 9万hm2 。年产蔬菜 4 6 9 6 9万t。由于近年来蔬菜新品种的不断引进 ,保护地蔬菜面积逐年加大 ,蔬菜病虫害发生呈逐年加重的趋势。据统计 ,蔬菜病虫发生面积为 2 1 85万hm2 次 ,防治面积达到 34 2 2万hm2次 ,挽回损失 25 0 3 0万t。1 主要蔬菜种类除保护地外 ,我市露地蔬菜仍以春、夏两季种植为主 ,夏季辅助小杂品种。春季种植主要品种有 :辣椒、黄瓜、番茄、茄子、西葫芦、包菜、… 相似文献
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广西区植保总站测防科 《广西植保》2003,16(1):11-12
20 0 3年广西农作物计划种植面积中 ,粮食作物播种面积有所减少 ,经济作物播种面积比 2 0 0 2年增加约 5 .5 % ,果树新增种植 3 .3 3万 hm2 次。根据2 0 0 2年农作物病虫发生实况、2 0 0 3年种植结构以及历史资料综合分析 ,预计 2 0 0 3年广西农作物主要病虫总体发生将轻于 2 0 0 2年 ,属常发年份 ,发生程度将达中等偏重 ,发生面积约 1 3 3 5万 hm2 。稻飞虱、玉米铁甲虫、稻纹枯病等病虫在局部地区将达大发生。1 主要病虫害发生趋势预测1 .1 水稻病虫发生比 2 0 0 2年稍轻 ,发生程度 4(5 )级 ,发生面积 5 3 0万 hm2 次。其中 : 稻飞虱… 相似文献
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六盘水市位于云贵高原 2省接壤地段 ,全市海拔起伏较大 ,最低处 6 0 0多m ,最高峰 2 90 0多m ,全市水稻种植面积 2 .2万hm2 ,80 %分布在海拔 12 0 0~15 0 0m ,其中杂交水稻种植面积 1.2万hm2 ,常规稻种植面积约 1万hm2 ,杂交水稻主要种植金优系列、汕优系列、岗优系列、威优系列和K优系列等 ,常规稻主要种植云粳、楚粳、合系、大白稻和金麻粘等。2 0 0 2年 8月中旬全市出现了连续 10多天的秋风秋雨天气 ,造成了全市各种病害的大面积发生 ,发生面积达 2 .1万hm2 次 ,比 2 0 0 1年多 330 0hm2 次 ,造成不同程度的减产 ,平均在 2 0 %左右。1… 相似文献
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Judith A. Turner Tracey Chantry Moray C. Taylor Marc C. Kennedy 《Plant pathology》2021,70(8):1759-1778
In continuation of the annual national surveys of winter wheat, which began in 1970, samples from between 250 and 350 randomly selected wheat crops in England and Wales between 1999 to 2019 were visually assessed for disease symptoms during the milky ripe development stages (GS 73–75). Septoria tritici blotch was the most prevalent and severe foliar disease each year, although annual levels fluctuated considerably and there was no overall significant change over the two decades. Incidence of brown rust, yellow rust, take-all, and barley yellow dwarf virus also showed no significant overall change during the survey period, whereas glume blotch, powdery mildew, eyespot, and sharp eyespot all showed significant decline. Fusarium ear blight has significantly increased in both incidence and severity, causing a serious epidemic in 2012, when 96% of crops were affected. Tan spot has been the third most prevalent foliar disease since 2009 although severity is still very low. Regional disease levels were consistent over the two decades, providing reliable baselines to measure changes in seasonal disease severity. There were significant changes in agronomic practice with a rise to predominance of minimum tillage over the use of ploughing, decreases in overall disease susceptibility of cultivars grown, a major increase in the use of oilseed rape in the rotation and a long-term trend towards earlier sowing. Fungicide use increased considerably, with over 98% crops sprayed and an average of 3.5 applications made per crop each year since 2014. Implications of changes over the last 21 years are discussed. 相似文献
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Incidence of benomyl and iprodione resistance in isolates of Botrytis cinerea in tomato crops in England and Wales in 1986 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
In 1986, mass-mycelial isolates of Botrytis cinerea from 67 tomato crops in England and Wales were examined for benomyl and iprodione resistance. Of the 706 isolates obtained, 62.7% were resistant to benomyl at 2μg/ml and 43.2% were resistant to iprodione at 2 μg/ml. Iprodione resistance persisted in the absence of a dicarboximide spray programme. The incidence of benomyl resistance has not decreased since the last survey in 1984 in spite of a considerable reduction in the use of benzimidazole fungicides. There were no clear indications that the use of dichlofluanid influenced the incidence of benomyl or iprodione resistance. Disease control was poorer in crops with a higher incidence of iprodione resistance. 相似文献
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The relative pathogenicity of isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina was comparable both on sunflower tissue cultures and on mature plants and seedlings. The relative susceptibility of the different sunflower lines in vitro showed a similar pattern for cotyledon callus cultures, but not for immature embryo cultures. Although these protocols appear to be unsuitable for the selection of novel disease resistance, they do offer the potential for a rapid, non-destructive screen for resistant material. 相似文献
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采用高效液相色谱和气相色谱法,分别研究了吡虫啉和百菌清在薄膜大棚设施内外葫芦叶和黄瓜中消解动态及其在葫芦和黄瓜中的残留量,并结合气象因子对产生残留差异的原因进行了分析。样品中的吡虫啉经乙腈和盐酸溶液提取,中性氧化铝和弗罗里硅土层析柱净化后,用高效液相色谱检测;百菌清经乙腈提取,中性氧化铝层析柱净化后,用气相色谱检测。结果表明:吡虫啉在设施内外葫芦叶和黄瓜中均消解迅速,施药7 d后,其在设施内外葫芦叶上的消解率分别为90.4%和98.7%,在黄瓜中的消解率分别为67.8%和85.9%;而百菌清在葫芦叶上的消解速率均比在黄瓜中的稍慢,施药7 d后其在设施内外葫芦叶上的消解率分别为15.4%和38.1%,在黄瓜中的消解率分别为87.8%和91.5%。表明2种农药在设施外2种蔬菜上的消解速率均快于设施内的。两种农药均是在设施外葫芦及黄瓜中的残留量低于设施内的,而降雨和光照强度可能是引起农药在设施内外蔬菜上残留差异的主要因子。 相似文献
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西部降水氢氧稳定同位素温度及地理效应 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
本文基于IAEA和WMO建立的GNIP网降水资料,得出中国西部地区大气降水线方程(LMWL)为δ2H=7.56δ18O+5.05‰(VSMOW)。分析了降水中氢氧稳定同位素温度效应、地理效应,确定了降水中δ18O和δ2H与月平均气温、降水量、海拔高度、纬度的相关关系。根据张掖站降水δ18O与温度之间的相关关系和民勤地下水14C年龄和δ18O特征,初步重建了晚更新世以来民勤盆地地下水补给温度,并与惰性气体补给温度(NGT)进行了比较,其相关系数为0.65,晚更新世地下水的补给温度(据δ-T关系)较大,可能是没有考虑降水量效应的缘故。 相似文献
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西安夏、秋季降水与太阳黑子的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于西安市1960-2007年的降水数据和太阳黑子相对数,采用一元线性回归、Mann Kendall检验等方法,对西安降雨量进行分析,然后采用小波分析方法研究了西安夏、秋两季降水量与太阳黑子之间的关系。结果表明:夏、秋两季降水量约占西安全年降水量的80%;西安夏季降水量呈上升趋势,秋季降水量则呈下降趋势;降水量的变化与太阳黑子数多少密切相关,在太阳黑子出现极值年及2 a左右,降水量也出现极值;西安夏季降水量有10 a左右的周期,秋季降水量有9 a左右周期;太阳黑子在9 a时间尺度上与降水量有很强的相关性,且夏季降水量与太阳黑子相差1~2 a的正相关,秋季降水量则与太阳黑子提前2 a左右的负相关关系。 相似文献
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The build-up and decline of quintozene and hexachlorobenzene residues in protected lettuce, resulting from one to five treatments of the soil (each of 35 g m-2) with a quintozene formulation, have been studied. Residue levels were monitored in each experimental crop during growth until harvest. Residues in the soil at harvest were also determined. Quintozene residues in the harvested lettuce were in the range < 0.02–0.80 mg kg?1 and those of hexachlorobenzene were in the range < 0.02–0.05 mg kg?1 (expressed on a fresh weight basis). Residue levels in the soil were 5.4–231 mg kg?1 for quintozene, and 0.20–5.4 mg kg?1 for hexachlorobenzene (expressed on a dry weight basis). Under the experimental conditions of the trial there was no significant build-up of quintozene or hexachlorobenzene in harvested lettuce, even after five treatments to the same site. 相似文献
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Selection of crop genotypes that are more competitive with weeds for light interception may improve crop yield stability in the presence of weeds. The effects of interference on ecophysiological characteristics of Abutilon theophrasti Medic. and three morphologically diverse grain sorghum hybrids was evaluated to determine the relative tolerance and suppressive ability of the three hybrids and specific traits that may contribute to those differences. A tall hybrid was more tolerant to A. theophrasti interference than two medium stature hybrids. Early leaf area growth of two medium-stature sorghum hybrids was reduced by A. theophrasti interference, whereas early growth of a tall hybrid was unaffected. The height of A. theophrasti was greater than two moderate-stature hybrids but lower than the tall hybrid. Greatest leaf area density (LD ) of the tall sorghum hybrid was above that of A. theophrasti , whereas greatest LD of medium-stature hybrids was below that of the weed. In monoculture, the partitioning of new biomass to various plant organs was similar among sorghum hybrids, whereas the tall sorghum hybrid partitioned less biomass to leaves and more to stems than medium hybrids in mixture. The results indicate that the three hybrids differ in their susceptibility to A. theophrasti competition. Crop traits that may contribute to greater crop competitiveness include greater maximum height and its growth rate and greater height of maximum leaf area distribution. 相似文献