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1.
受烯丙异噻唑诱导的水稻叶片蛋白质表达差异分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
采用烯丙异噻唑对空育131水稻进行灌根处理,利用双向电泳技术分析诱导后的水稻叶片和对照叶片蛋白质的表达差异,通过PDQuest8.0.1软件分析比较诱导组和对照组的双向电泳图谱后找到10个差异表达(2倍以上)上调的蛋白质点,取其中表达量较大的8个进行质谱分析。结果显示,这8个蛋白分别具有泛醌-细胞色素C还原酶活性、苏氨酸肽链内切酶活性、苹果酸脱氢酶活性、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶活性、磷酸核酮糖羧化酶活性、交替氧化酶活性、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性和质体特异性30S核糖体蛋白质活性。其中P1、P3和P4蛋白参与植物的呼吸代谢途径;P2蛋白参与蛋白质降解途径;P5蛋白参与植物糖的合成;P6和P7蛋白参与活性氧代谢平衡。研究表明,烯丙异噻唑是通过增强水稻呼吸作用、激活蛋白质降解、促进抗病相关糖的合成和提高活性氧清除能力等从而提高水稻的抗病性。  相似文献   

2.
 将编码大豆凝集素的lec-s基因插入植物表达载体pBI121中,构建植物重组表达质粒pBI121:: lec-s。由根癌土壤杆菌EHA105介导的叶盘法转化烟草,获得了转基因烟草株系。PCR和RT-PCR检测证明lec-s基因已转入烟草植株中。接种烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)进行抗病性试验结果表明,转基因烟草叶片上的病斑数显著减少,说明转基因烟草表现出对TMV的抗性。定量RT-PCR检测发现,接种TMV后,抗病防卫基因(PR-1a、GST1、Pal和hsr515)在转基因烟草叶片中显著上调表达。这些结果表明,大豆凝集素基因lec-s转化烟草可对TMV产生抗性,其作用机制可能在于lec-s基因参与了植物的防卫信号通路,诱导了抗病防卫基因在转基因植株体内的表达,增强了植株对TMV的系统抗性。  相似文献   

3.
为了解内生解淀粉芽胞杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TF28诱导番茄抗病分子机制,本文采用相对定量RT-PCR方法研究内生细菌TF28对番茄抗病信号传递途径中促分裂原活化蛋白激酶基因MAPK和转录因子WRKY基因表达的影响,采用双向电泳、质谱检测和生物信息学等蛋白质组学技术研究接种菌株TF28后番茄叶片差异蛋白的表达情况。结果表明接种菌株TF28后,番茄叶片中的基因MAPK和WRKY上调表达,基因WRKY表达增幅高于基因MAPK,2个基因均在接种后2 d表达量最高。从接种内生细菌2 d后的番茄叶片中分离到373个蛋白点,与对照相比,有23个蛋白点特异表达,18个蛋白点上调表达,53个蛋白点下调表达,280个蛋白表达量与对照相当,对14个特异表达蛋白进行质谱分析和蛋白数据库检索,9个与抗病相关,3个与品质相关,2个与生长调控相关。  相似文献   

4.
为了探讨苹果叶片抗病相关蛋白的表达特性,进一步解析苹果叶片自身防御反应分子机制,本文以抗病苹果品种‘华月’为试材,采用iTRAQ定量蛋白质组技术分析苹果链格孢菌处理前后,苹果叶片总蛋白差异表达情况。结果表明,与无菌水处理的叶片相比,病原菌接种后的叶片共筛选到433个差异表达蛋白,聚类分析结果较好,其中257个蛋白显著上调,176个蛋白显著下调。进一步开展差异蛋白筛选及功能分析,筛选后的53个蛋白依据功能可划分为7类,分别为代谢过程相关,防御或逆境应答反应相关,蛋白质代谢过程相关,细胞分裂相关,细胞壁修饰相关,细胞过程相关及其他功能未知蛋白。代谢通路分析表明,KEGG共富集到7个结果,64个蛋白在7条通路中得到注释,且这些蛋白对这7条信号通路均具有显著影响(P0.05)。亚细胞定位分析结果表明,共49个蛋白得到成功定位,其中35个蛋白定位于叶绿体,表明叶片细胞中大量的叶绿体蛋白参与了病原菌胁迫应答反应。其他蛋白中,7个定位于细胞质,3个定位于细胞质膜,其余4个分别定位于细胞壁、胞外、过氧化物酶体及内质网。除了防御或逆境反应相关蛋白,光合作用及其他代谢相关蛋白也参与了苹果叶片细胞的防御反应。病程相关的PR类蛋白中包括3个过氧化物酶类蛋白(PR-9)、1个类甜蛋白(PR-5)及1个MLP样蛋白(PR-10),过敏反应相关的MLP样蛋白在果树应答逆境胁迫的研究中的报道较少,MLP蛋白的差异表达可能也与苹果叶片的防御反应相关。本研究进一步证实了苹果叶片应答链格孢菌胁迫的抗性相关蛋白中,PR类蛋白的差异表达可能是影响苹果叶片细胞抗病反应的关键因子,研究结果为进一步解析果树抗病分子机制提供了参考。  相似文献   

5.
牛蒡低聚果糖诱导烟草对烟草花叶病毒的抗性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在室内条件下,研究了牛蒡低聚果糖对烟草花叶病毒抗性的影响及其影响机制。结果表明,在牛蒡低聚果糖处理叶(第三叶)中,接种烟草花叶病毒24h时对照处理叶片中该病毒含量大约是牛蒡低聚果糖处理叶片中的2.6倍,相对防效达61%;在未处理叶(第四叶)中,接种烟草花叶病毒24h时对照处理叶片可检测到TMV-CP的表达,而牛蒡低聚果糖处理叶则检测不到TMV-CP的表达。通过对抗病相关基因的检测发现,牛蒡低聚果糖处理和接种烟草花叶病毒都可诱导抗病相关基因(包括PR-1a、PR-2、PR-3、PI-1、PI-2和PAL)在烟草局部叶和系统叶中大量表达。这些结果表明,牛蒡低聚果糖可诱导烟草对烟草花叶病毒产生抗性,其作用机制可能在于诱导了抗病相关基因在植株体内的表达,增强了植株的系统抗性。  相似文献   

6.
激活蛋白PeaT1诱导烟草对TMV的系统抗性   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
枯斑三生烟草(Samsun-NN)经激活蛋白PeaT1诱导后接种烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV),对TMV产生了明显的系统获得抗性,枯斑抑制率达54.15%,枯斑大小也受到一定程度的限制。研究结果表明,PeaT1处理烟草植株下位三片叶不同时间后,其上部叶片中PPO、POD和PAL 3种抗病防御酶活性均比对照提高,第4 d酶活性达到最高值。实时荧光定量PCR检测结果显示,经PeaT1诱导4 d后烟草叶片中抗病相关基因PR1a、PR1b、NPR1在转录表达水平上较未诱导对照都有不同程度的上调。由以上结果我们推测PeaT1诱导烟草产生了系统获得抗性,本研究为进一步阐明PeaT1诱导植物抗病的信号传导途径奠定了基础。  相似文献   

7.
为揭示尖镰孢胁迫下黄瓜茎部蛋白质差异,以黄瓜枯萎病高抗品系‘D0327’和感病品系‘649’为试验材料,分别接种2个毒力不同的尖镰孢C9和S1菌株后提取黄瓜茎部蛋白,运用双向电泳技术研究了尖镰孢侵染后茎部蛋白质组的变化。结果表明,2个尖镰孢菌胁迫下,抗感材料茎部蛋白表达发生了变化。茎部蛋白质双向电泳图谱与对照图谱进行比较分析,成功鉴定出8个差异蛋白点。强毒力菌株C9胁迫下,感病品系中鉴定出3个差异蛋白,分别是烯醇化酶及亚基、肌动蛋白和放氧增强蛋白,抗病品系中差异蛋白为烯醇化酶及亚基、磷酸丙糖异构酶和核苷酸二磷酸激酶。弱毒力菌株S1胁迫下,感病品系中差异蛋白为Csf-2蛋白,抗病品系中差异蛋白为放氧增强蛋白。这些蛋白分别参与能量代谢、光合作用和胁迫反应。  相似文献   

8.
转隐地蛋白基因烟草的抗病性及遗传分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
 对转隐地蛋白(Cryptogein)基因烟草植株进行了抗病性测定、抗病分子机理及遗传分析的研究。结果表明:80%以上的转基因植株对烟草上3种重要病原菌的抗病性均增强,且能稳定遗传;转基因烟草植株的抗病性与整合的拷贝数成负相关,即绝大多数高度抗病的植株只含有1个拷贝,而感病植株一般为2~3个拷贝;部分转基因烟草植株Northern杂交分析表明:病程相关蛋白和渗透调节蛋白等防卫反应相关基因的表达丰度与转基因植株的抗病性存在着一定的正相关性,表达丰度越高,抗病性越强;综合农艺性状考察表明Cryptogein基因对烟草植株的生长有显著的促进作用。  相似文献   

9.
病原菌与植物互作过程中分泌的细胞壁降解酶具有致病和激发植物免疫的双重功能。BcGs1是从灰葡萄孢菌代谢物中分离的葡聚糖-1,4-α糖苷酶,能激发番茄和烟草的免疫防御反应,提高抗病性。BcGs1包含糖苷水解酶家族15(GH15)和糖结合模块家族20(CBM20)两个结构域,其激发植物防御反应的作用方式及功能结构域尚不清楚。本文测定了BcGs1不同诱导时间对提高番茄抗灰葡萄孢菌的效果、体外糖苷酶活性,并比较了BcGs1不同结构域截短蛋白与全长蛋白引起细胞坏死活性的差异。结果表明,BcGs1蛋白诱导番茄72 h可将灰葡萄孢菌引起的病斑面积减少23.25%;BcGs1能水解淀粉和海带多糖,但不能水解羟甲基纤维素和微晶纤维素;BcGs1全长、GH15和CBM20截短蛋白均能在烟草细胞中正常瞬时表达,但表达GH15的烟草叶片枯斑面积明显小于表达全长蛋白BcGs1的枯斑面积,表达CBM20截短蛋白的叶片没有产生枯斑反应;为了进一步明确截短蛋白GH15和全长蛋白BcGs1激发烟草细胞坏死活性的差异,用大肠杆菌表达并获得了纯化的重组蛋白GH15,叶片浸润法测定结果表明,截断蛋白GH15的细胞坏死活性仍然低于BcGs1全长蛋白的坏死活性,说明BcGs1诱导烟草细胞坏死活性需要GH15和CBM20结构域的共同参与。本文研究结果为进一步探讨BcGs1诱导植物抗病机制奠定了基础。  相似文献   

10.
硅对瓠瓜酚类物质代谢的影响及与抗白粉病的关系   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9  
研究了硅酸盐和诱导接种白粉菌对瓠瓜叶片苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性的动态变化和木质素含量的影响.结果表明,诱导接种提高了瓠瓜叶片的PAL、PPO、POD活性,加硅后接种处理植株叶片酶活性更明显增加;接种后瓠瓜叶片中木质素含量增加,加硅处理植株叶片木质素含量是不加硅处理的1.43倍.说明酚类物质代谢在植物抗病机制中起着重要作用,硅能提高酚类代谢的酶活性.1.7mmol/L的硅能显著降低瓠瓜白粉病的病情指数,提高其对白粉病的抗病能力.  相似文献   

11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.  相似文献   

12.
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.  相似文献   

13.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.  相似文献   

14.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies   总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18  
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.  相似文献   

15.
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids.  相似文献   

16.
Zusammenfassung Verbände des ökologischen Landbaus wie z. B. Bioland, Gäa, Demeter; Naturland, Ernte für das Leben oder Bio Suisse beschränken ihre Mitglieder bei der Wahl von Vorratsschutzmaßnahmen. Vorrang besitzen Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung von Schädlingen gegenüber Bekämpfungsmaßnahmen. Fallen müssen zur Befallsüberwachung eingesetzt werden, um einen Befall durch Vorratsschädlinge frühzeitig zu erkennen. Diese Maßnahmen sollen den weitgehenden Verzicht auf chemisch-synthetische Mittel ermöglichen. In diesem Beitrag werden die Empfehlungen der Verbände mit den derzeit verfügbaren chemischen Mitteln für den Vorratsschutz abgeglichen. Erfahrung in der praktischen Umsetzung von physikalischen und biologischen Verfahren werden diskutiert und Defizite bei der Befallsüberwachung und Bekämpfung beschrieben.  相似文献   

17.
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.  相似文献   

18.
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.  相似文献   

19.
The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.  相似文献   

20.
Real-time PCR (TaqMan®) assays were developed for the specific detection and discrimination of Colletotrichum spp., C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides causing anthracnose in strawberry using the most divergent area of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and 5·8S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene region. The specificity of the new assays was tested using DNA from six species of Colletotrichum and nine fungal species commonly found associated with strawberry material, and additionally by comparing the sequences with those from databases using a blast search. The sequences only showed identity with homologous sequences from the desired target organisms. The new assays were 10–100 times more sensitive than conventional PCR methods previously published for the diagnosis of strawberry anthracnose. When real-time PCR was compared with ELISA methods, PCR improved the sensitivity of the identification by obtaining positive results for samples of strawberry plant material that tested negative with ELISA. The development of C. acutatum was monitored using artificially infected strawberry crowns from two strawberry cultivars (Camarosa and Ventana) and a real-time PCR assay specific for this species between January and June 2006. The amount of C. acutatum detected using real-time PCR varied significantly by month ( P  < 0·001), but not by cultivar ( P  = 0·394). The new assays were shown to be useful tools for rapid detection and identification of these pathogens and to allow rapid and accurate assessment of the casual agents of anthracnose in strawberry.  相似文献   

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