二化螟性诱剂在稻田的应用技术初探

在稻田进行二化螟性诱剂应用技术研究,结果表明:性诱剂悬挂高度50、75、100、125和150cm的诱蛾效果差异不显著;水盆诱捕器和粘胶诱捕器对二化螟的诱集效果差异不大,两者明显好于黄板的诱集效果;一个诱捕器放置2支、1支、0.5支诱芯,对二化螟的诱集效果差异不明显;不同型诱芯速效性和持效性不同。因此,在稻田应根据用途合理选择和放置性诱剂。     

二点委夜蛾诱捕器中不同数量性诱芯诱蛾效果比较

3省同期试验结果表明,装有1个二点委夜蛾性诱剂诱芯的水盆诱捕器诱蛾量略多于装有2个诱芯的诱捕器,统计差异不显著,可见增加1个诱芯并不能增加诱蛾量,表明该种性诱芯的剂量是比较合适的。同时在山西省临汾市试验,1个性诱剂水盆诱捕器的诱蛾量比1支黑光灯高出2.78%,统计差异不显著,表明该种性诱剂在测报上有一定优势。     

哈尔滨地区不同亚洲玉米螟性诱剂诱捕效果研究

为了探索亚洲玉米螟性诱剂在哈尔滨地区的诱捕效果, 于2019年和2020年在黑龙江哈尔滨地区开展不同品牌诱芯、不同类型诱捕器及不同诱芯悬挂高度处理的亚洲玉米螟田间诱捕试验。结果表明, 3种诱芯处理对田间亚洲玉米螟雄蛾表现出不同的诱虫活性, 诱芯A诱捕到的玉米螟雄蛾数量显著高于诱芯B和诱芯C, 是诱芯B诱蛾量的1.38倍, 诱芯C诱蛾量的1.62倍; 水盆式诱捕器对玉米螟雄蛾诱捕效率明显高于倒漏斗式诱捕器, 诱捕到玉米螟雄蛾数量是倒漏斗式诱捕器的1.94倍。2019年和2020年诱芯不同悬挂高度处理诱捕到玉米螟雄蛾的数量由多到少的顺序为0.8、0.4、1.3、1.8 m和0 m, 悬挂高度0.8 m处理诱捕到的玉米螟雄蛾数量显著高于其他处理。综合以上结果, 使用水盆式诱捕器, 将诱芯A悬挂至0.8 m高度更适合哈尔滨地区田间玉米螟的防治和种群监测。     

协调应用性引诱剂与农业、生物防治技术控制水稻二化螟试验示范

协调应用稻田耕沤、性引诱剂诱蛾及Bt防治第一代二化螟等措施,即在越冬代二化螟盛蛹期耕沤稻田、在盛蛾期挂放性引诱剂、在第一代二化螟盛卵期施用Bt,对第一代二化螟具有很好的控制效果。在不同类型诱捕器挂放同一企业同一批次生产的二化螟性引诱剂,其诱蛾量有明显差异,水盆诱捕器诱蛾量最高,为蛾类通用型诱捕器的2～6倍。     

二点委夜蛾性诱剂诱芯的田间诱捕效果研究

为了探索环保无公害的防控技术,笔者通过田间试验,评估了一种二点委夜蛾性诱剂诱芯的田间诱捕效果,并对其诱捕器不同口径、颜色、设置高度对诱捕效果的影响进行了研究。结果表明,该诱剂性诱芯对二点委夜蛾有较强的诱捕能力,最高日诱蛾量105头,最高日均诱蛾量40.25头;诱捕器的大小、颜色和高度都会影响诱捕效果。35 cm口径、绿色和设置在高出作物20～30 cm位置的诱捕器诱蛾量较大;性诱剂和杀虫灯对二点委夜蛾量的监测结果有一定差异。     

不同性诱剂产品诱杀水稻二化螟田间效果评估

为了筛选有效的性诱防治产品,于2017年在湖南醴陵比较了不同性诱剂产品对水稻田间二化螟成虫的诱杀效果。结果表明,试验期内单个性诱剂Ⅰ诱捕器的总诱蛾量为(139.7±7.0)头,诱蛾量显著高于性诱剂Ⅱ和Ⅲ(P0.05)。田间持续使用40d,性诱剂Ⅰ和Ⅲ诱捕器诱蛾动态与灯诱对照接近。田间使用时,性诱剂Ⅰ不同重复间的诱蛾量差异较小。     

不同诱测方法对水稻二化螟成虫的监测效果研究

2011年应用黏胶型性诱剂诱捕器和虫情测报灯两种诱测方法在达县进行了对水稻二化螟监测效果的对比试验。结果表明,黏胶型性诱捕器监测二化螟效果好,具有诱蛾量大、性能稳定、峰型明显、预警准确性高等特点,在各代成虫诱测中,效果优于虫情测报灯;性诱剂诱捕器监测对二化螟还具有一定兼治作用,1代枯鞘株率防效达33.24%、2代白穗率防效达27.51%。同时,分析了作物生育期、气象因子和非靶标昆虫对性诱捕效果的影响。讨论了性诱捕器在二化螟监测预警与控制技术的推广应用中应注意和需进一步研究的问题。     

基于性诱剂监测的梨小食心虫防治指标

为明确梨小食心虫性诱剂水盆诱捕器诱蛾量与梨果着卵量的关系,建立一种简单实用,基于梨小食心虫成虫发生量的防治指标,于2010和2011年在陕西蒲城梨园调查了梨小食心虫在早酥梨上的着卵情况及其与性诱剂水盆诱捕器诱蛾量之间的关系.结果显示,梨小食心虫在梨果胴部的着卵量显著高于其它部位,占总卵量的92.00％;百果卵数、卵果率随果实的增大而增加,直径70mm以上果实的百果卵数和卵果率均显著高于直径65 mm以下的果实.据此建立了诱蛾量与卵果率、百果卵量的回归方程,分析得出当以卵果率1％和百果卵量1粒为防治指标时,基于性诱剂监测的梨小食心虫的防治指标分别为每天每诱捕器2.27和2.32头;以卵果率2％和百果卵量2粒为防治指标时,则分别为每天每诱捕器2.61和2.58头.     

几种诱捕器对小菜蛾的诱集效果试验初报

试验结果表明,干式（粘胶）诱捕器、水盆型诱捕器对小菜蛾均有较好的诱集效果,其中以干式诱捕器诱蛾效果最为理想,显著高于水盆型诱捕器,极显著高于黄板＋性诱芯,而单纯使用黄板诱杀小菜蛾几乎无效。在小菜蛾综合治理工作中可推广使用干式诱捕器和水盆型诱捕器诱杀雄蛾,并可用于小菜蛾的测报。     

PVC长效固体诱芯对水稻二化螟的防效

以常规PVC固体诱芯为对照,调查二化螟PVC固体长效诱芯在不同悬挂高度条件下对二化螟的诱捕效果.结果 表明:二化螟PVC固体长效诱芯诱集持效期可达167 d,对二化螟雄蛾的诱集数量高于常规PVC固体诱芯;其诱捕器距禾苗顶端不同悬挂高度诱集二化螟雄虫数量和卵块减少率从高到低均依次为20 cm＞10 cm＞30 cm,高于...     

二化螟性诱芯中不饱和十六醛的比例对诱捕效果的影响

作者于2006年夏季在河南信阳地区系统比较了二化螟性诱芯中Z11-/Z9-16∶Ald及Z13-18∶Ald剂量对2个世代的二化螟雄蛾诱捕量的影响。结果表明,二化螟越冬代成虫诱捕试验中,2个最佳配方中Z11-/Z9-16∶Ald分别为9∶1和8∶2,而比例在7∶3~1∶9之间的诱芯则无引诱作用。如果保持诱芯中Z11-16∶Ald和Z9-16∶Ald的剂量一致且质量比控制在2∶1,则二化螟诱捕量随诱芯中所含Z13-18∶Ald剂量的增加而下降。所有诱芯在二化螟第一代引诱效果显著下降,但该时期组分为Z11-16∶Ald(2)、Z9-16∶Ald(1)、16∶Ald(0.7)和Z13-18∶Ald(0.37)的诱芯诱捕量显著优于其他配比。     

Sex pheromone traps for monitoring the honeydew moth,Cryptoblabes gnidiella: Effect of pheromone components,pheromone dose,field aging of dispenser,and type of trap on male captures

The effects of pheromone components, pheromone dose in the dispenser, aging of dispenser in the field, and trap type on trapping efficiency of males of the honeydew moth,Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Mill.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), were investigated. At dosages of 2 or 0.2 mg, a binary blend containing (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11–16: Aid) and (Z)-13-octadecenal (Z13–18:Ald) (1:1) was as effective in attracting males as a quaternary blend containing Zll-16:Ald, (E)-11-hexadecenal (Ell-16:Ald), Z13–18:Ald and (E)-13-octadecenal (E13–18:Ald), (10:1:10:1). Within the range of 20 to 2000 μg pheromone/dispenser, response of males increased positively with the pheromone dose; however, a load of 10 or 20 mg/dispenser was significantly less attractive to males than 2 mg/dispenser. The effect of aging of the dispenser in the field on trapping efficiency was significant. Captures in traps baited with 3- and 4-week-old septa were lower than those in traps baited with 1- or 2-week-old septa. The gradual loss of attractancy exhibited by rubber septa indicates that septa should be renewed within 2-3 weeks. The release rate of the pheromone was measured in a flow system and monitored with Zl1– 16:Ald only. The emission was almost constant for 18 days and then decreased gradually until the 34th day. The nonsticky IPS trap was as effective in capturing honeydew moth males as the sticky Pherocon 1C trap. The possibility of using the nonsticky, non-saturating and easy-to-handle IPS traps may lead to better and easier monitoring of honeydew moth populations.     

水稻二化螟性诱测报技术研究

多年系统调查和应用结果表明,二化螟性诱剂具有较强的诱蛾能力,其诱蛾量与测报灯的诱蛾效果相当或略高,且诱蛾量受环境影响较小。诱测结果能够反映出二化螟在1年中发生的实际情况,可在实际测报中应用。性诱、灯诱、田间虫量剥查结合,将明显提高水稻二化螟监测预报水平。     

Efficiency of the synthetic sex attractant and the effect of trap size on captures ofSpodoptera littoralis males in water traps and in dry funnel traps

The efficiency of the synthetic sex attractant ofS. littoralis and the effect of trap size on male captures in water traps and in newly designed dry traps were investigated. The synthetic attractant was less efficient in attractiveness than virgin females in both small (17 cm) and large (60 cm) traps. Trap size did not affect male captures in traps baited with either virgin females or synthetic pheromone. The dry trap tested was as efficient as the water trap, easier to handle, and highly suitable for monitoring or for mass trapping ofS. littoralis.     

二化螟性信息素对稻螟赤眼蜂寄生能力及田间寄生效果的影响

性信息素可用于田间诱集雄虫,干扰雌、雄虫的交配从而抑制害虫种群,但田间应用性信息素对昆虫的寄生性天敌是否产生影响,能否和卵寄生蜂协同利用,尚不明确。本文在室内测定了二化螟性信息素混合物对稻螟赤眼蜂寄生能力的影响,在田间定点挂放寄主卵并释放稻螟赤眼蜂,比较了有无二化螟性诱剂诱芯存在时寄主卵被寄生的情况。结果发现二化螟性信息素混合物影响稻螟赤眼蜂的寄生。当混合物浓度从0.01μg/μL升高到10μg/μL时,供试米蛾卵被寄生率从50.29%下降到1.71%,均显著低于对照的62.14%。寄生发生后,赤眼蜂子代的雌性比不受性信息素浓度的影响,子代雌性比在45.9%~87.0%,与对照77.8%无显著差异。田间挂放二化螟性信息素诱芯影响了释放的稻螟赤眼蜂对二化螟卵的寄生率。远离诱芯位置的卵块的被寄生率高于距离诱芯近的卵块,但挂放诱芯吸引了自然界中的松毛虫赤眼蜂和玉米螟赤眼蜂。以上结果显示二化螟性信息素影响了稻螟赤眼蜂的寄生,但不同种赤眼蜂对二化螟诱芯的反应不同。     

性信息素笼罩诱捕器和水盆诱捕器诱捕棉铃虫雄蛾效果比较

1997年在南疆棉区研究了性信息素笼罩诱捕器和水盆诱捕器对棉铃虫的诱捕效率。试验结果表明 ,伽师县2乡和铁日木乡两地笼罩诱捕器的诱蛾量分别是水盆诱捕器的18.6倍和11.9倍。经统计分析 ,诱蛾量随季节推移有下降趋势。根据笼罩诱蛾效果及其相对稳定性 ,作者希望在我国尽快用笼罩诱捕器取代水盆诱捕器进行棉铃虫成虫的标准化监测。     

Efficacy of the pear ester as a monitoring tool for codling moth Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in New Zealand apple orchards

BACKGROUND: The behavioural response of both sexes of codling moth, Cydia pomonella to the pear-derived kairomone (ethyl (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoate), codling moth sex pheromone (E,E-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol), and sex pheromone combined with the pear derived kairomone loaded into red rubber septum were investigated in trapping experiments in New Zealand apple orchards. A range of 0.01-10.0 mg of pheromone loading in rubber septum dispensers was tested and the highest catch of males was in traps baited with 1.0 mg. No dose response in trap catch of males was seen in traps baited with different amounts of pear-derived kairomone (0.01-10.0 mg). RESULTS: The number of females caught was significantly affected by the amount of pear derived kairomone used to bait traps, with the highest catch obtained at 10 mg loading. The attractiveness of sex pheromone was not enhanced by the addition of the kairomone either when used in the same bait or in a separate bait. The mean number of males captured in traps was reduced by 44% when the pheromone and kairomone were combined at ratio of 1:1 (0.1 mg pheromone: 0.1 mg kairomone) in separate sources. CONCLUSION: Kairomone baited traps showed some potential for monitoring the flight activity of female C. pomonella in apple orchards in two locations (Canterbury and Hawke's Bay). However, the number of male moths caught was low as compared to the number of male moths caught in pheromone-baited traps, and therefore the sex pheromone should continue to be used for monitoring male activity.     

性诱捕器悬挂高度对绿盲蝽、棉铃虫和甜菜夜蛾田间诱集效果的影响

为更好地发挥性诱捕器对棉花主要害虫绿盲蝽 Apolygus lucorum 、棉铃虫 Helicoverpa armigera 和甜菜夜蛾 Spodoptera exigua 的监控及诱杀作用, 进一步优化性诱捕器田间设置技术, 笔者研究了不同悬挂高度对3种害虫性诱捕器田间诱集效果的影响。结果表明, 悬挂高度对3种害虫的诱集效果均存在显著影响, 绿盲蝽性诱捕器悬挂高度高于棉株顶尖40 cm时效果最好, 与顶尖持平和高于顶尖20 cm的诱集效果略低, 三者差异不显著; 棉铃虫性诱捕器悬挂高度0~40 cm时诱集效果均较好, 诱捕器处于顶尖以下时诱集效果显著降低; 甜菜夜蛾性诱捕器悬挂高度在高于顶尖20 cm和40 cm时诱集效果差异不显著, 高于顶尖40 cm时诱集效果最好。棉花打顶前, 绿盲蝽和棉铃虫性诱捕器随着棉花株高变化可适当减少调整频次, 但低于棉花顶尖时应及时调整。     

Effects of pheromone loading, dispenser age, and trap height on pheromone trap catches of the oriental fruit moth in apple orchards

The effects of field aging (0–28 days) and pheromone loading rate on the longevity of red rubber septa loaded with the sex pheromone blend of the oriental fruit mothGrapholita molesta (Busck), were evaluated in North Carolina apple orchards in 2002. Separate field tests examined the influence of trap height and pheromone loading rate of rubber septa on trap catches of adultG. molesta males in an abandoned orchard. The loss of the major pheromone component, (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate (Z8–12:OAc), from red rubber septa over a 4-week period exhibited a relatively constant release rate with 30, 100 and 300 μg pheromone. Trap catch was significantly higher in pheromone traps placed in the upper canopy than in those in the lower canopy. Pheromone traps baited with 100μg lures caught more moths compared with those loaded with 300 μg. There was no apparent relationship between pheromone trap catch and septa age, with trap catch appearing to be primarily a function ofG. molesta population density. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting May 14, 2006.