高温与氨氮复合胁迫对凡纳滨对虾渗透调节的影响

将体质量(6.77±0.51) g凡纳滨对虾饲养在200 L玻璃纤维桶中,每桶50尾,设置2个温度(恒温30℃和1 h内由30℃急升至33℃),每个温度设置以氯化铵溶液调节的4个氨氮质量浓度(0、5、15、25 mg/L),共8个试验组,每组3个平行。胁迫72 h时测定鳃中Na~+/K~+-ATP酶与Ca~(2+)-ATP酶活性以及肌肉和鳃中游离氨基酸含量,分析高温与氨氮复合胁迫对凡纳滨对虾渗透压生理调节的影响。试验结果显示:(1)同一温度下,30℃时,25 mg/L氨氮组的Na~+/K~+-ATP酶活性和5 mg/L氨氮组的Ca~(2+)-ATP酶活性均显著升高,而33℃时,3个氨氮胁迫组Na~+/K~+-ATP酶和Ca~(2+)-ATP酶活性均显著升高(P0.05);(2)同一氨氮质量浓度下,30℃和33℃试验组的Na~+/K~+-ATP酶和Ca~(2+)-ATP酶活性均差异显著,且25 mg/L氨氮质量浓度下33℃试验组酶活性显著低于30℃试验组(P0.05);(3)氨氮质量浓度为15 mg/L和25 mg/L时,33℃试验组鳃和肌肉游离氨基酸总含量均显著高于30℃组(P0.05);(4)30℃和33℃试验组与氨氮胁迫下,肌肉中丙氨酸含量均随氨氮质量浓度升高而显著增加,且33℃试验组显著高于30℃组(P0.05)。试验结果表明,高温与氨氮复合胁迫对凡纳滨对虾Na~+/K~+-ATP酶和Ca~(2+)-ATP酶活性以及游离氨基酸含量影响显著,会造成凡纳滨对虾渗透压生理调节功能紊乱。     

肝胆病变中华鲟幼鱼血液生化指标初步研究

使用全自动血液生化分析仪检测了肝胆病变中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)幼鱼[体长(52.6±5.1) cm,体质量(1299.5±385.2) g]的主要血液生化指标。结果显示,与健康中华鲟相比,患病中华鲟血液中的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、尿素(UREA)、胆汁酸(TBA)、钾(K~+)、钙(Ca~(2+))等指标明显升高,且差异极显著(P0.01);肌酸激酶(CK)、α-淀粉酶(α-AMY)、总胆红素(TBIL)等的含量有所升高,但差异不显著(P0.05);总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLO)、葡萄糖(GLU)、总胆固醇(CHOL)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-CHOL)、钠(Na~+)、氯(Cl~-)等指标明显降低,且差异极显著(P0.01);碱性磷酸酶(ALP)含量有所降低,但差异不显著(P0.05)。     

急性低盐胁迫对斜带石斑鱼幼鱼存活、血清离子浓度和内分泌激素水平的影响

为探究急性低盐胁迫对斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)幼鱼存活、血清离子浓度和激素水平的影响,将斜带石斑鱼幼鱼从盐度30(对照组)的水体直接转移至盐度0、5、10、20的水体中,于2 h、6 h、12 h、48 h和72 h检测幼鱼血清中的钠离子(Na~+)、钾离子(K~+)、氯离子(Cl~-)浓度和生长激素(GH)、催乳素(PRL)、皮质醇(COR)水平的变化,并记录幼鱼存活情况。结果显示,血清Na~+和Cl~-浓度随盐度增加显著上升(P0.05)。盐度0组和对照组血清Na~+浓度随实验时间变化不大,较稳定(P0.05);而盐度5和盐度10组血清Na~+浓度在6 h降低,随后升高并保持稳定(P0.05);盐度20组血清Na~+浓度随时间的延长出现显著波动(P0.05)。随时间延长Cl~-浓度在盐度0组呈显著下降趋势(P0.05),在盐度5、10和20组和对照组变化不明显(P0.05)。K~+浓度在盐度0组显著高于其它组(P0.05)。随时间延长K~+浓度在盐度0组先升后降(P0.05),而在盐度5、10和20组以及对照组则先降后升(P0.05)。GH水平在盐度20和对照组显著高于其它3组(P0.05)。随时间延长GH水平在盐度0、5和10组呈先下降至6 h处达到最低点,而后上升的趋势(P0.05),而在盐度20和对照组无显著变化(P0.05)。PRL在各试验组显著高于对照组(P0.05)。随时间延长各试验组血清PRL水平先下降后上升至12 h达到最大值后又下降(P0.05),最后趋于稳定。COR水平在盐度0、5和10组显著高于盐度20和对照组(P0.05)。随时间延长在盐度0、5和10组的变化规律与PRL水平类似,而在盐度20和对照组无显著变化(P0.05)。随时间延长在盐度0组幼鱼死亡率逐渐升高,72 h内全部死亡;盐度5组幼鱼在实验期间仅有极少数死亡,而其它组幼鱼无死亡情况,这表明斜带石斑鱼幼鱼能够适应在盐度低至5的急性胁迫下存活,但在淡水急性胁迫条件下不能长时间存活。     

水体盐度对雌性三疣梭子蟹生长、卵巢发育、渗透压调节、代谢和抗氧化能力的影响

为研究长期盐度适应对雌性三疣梭子蟹生长、卵巢发育、渗透压调节、代谢和抗氧化能力的影响,本实验设置了不同盐度(10、15、20和25)的水体,对生殖蜕壳后三疣梭子蟹雌体进行60 d的盐度适应实验。结果显示:(1)雌蟹的成活率、增重率、特定生长率和性腺指数随水体盐度的升高而显著上升。(2)血清渗透压、Na~+、Cl~–、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、大部分游离氨基酸和总游离氨基酸含量及后鳃Na~+/K~+-ATP酶活性均随水体盐度的升高而显著上升。(3)血清中葡萄糖和肝胰腺乳酸含量随水体盐度的升高而显著降低,而血清中的尿素氮、尿酸及肝胰腺中的尿酸含量均随水体盐度的升高而显著上升;肝胰腺中的甘油三酯、总胆固醇和尿素氮含量均在20和25盐度组较高。(4)10盐度组血清和肝胰腺中的总超氧化物歧化酶活性显著低于其他组,而血清中的总抗氧化能力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶、血蓝蛋白和肝胰腺中的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、丙二醛水平均在10盐度组最高。研究表明,水体盐度升高可促进三疣梭子蟹生长和卵巢发育;在20和25盐度条件下,雌蟹机体的代谢水平和氧化胁迫较低。     

溶解氧对克氏原螯虾肝胰腺ATPase活性的影响

为探究溶解氧对克氏原螯虾死亡率的影响,对不同规格和性别的克氏原螯虾在高溶解氧和低溶解氧环境下肝胰腺ATPase活性变化规律进行了探究。结果显示,小虾、雄虾与雌虾三组中高解溶氧组虾体的Na~+/K~+-ATPase和Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)-ATPase活性低于低溶解氧组;从规格和性别上分析,大虾Na~+/K~+-ATPase和Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)-ATPase活性均低于小虾;雄虾Na~+/K~+-ATPase和Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)-ATPase活性均高于雌虾。研究认为,养殖水体溶解氧状态会影响克氏原螯虾肝胰脏Na~+/K~+-ATPase和Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)-ATPase活性,且与其体质量和性别相关。     

3种致病弧菌感染对大黄鱼血液生化指标的影响

溶藻弧菌Vibrio alginolyticus、哈维弧菌Vibrio harveyi、副溶血弧菌Vibrio parahaemolyticus是引起大黄鱼溃疡病的3种主要致病菌。本研究将试验大黄鱼随机分成4组,分别腹腔注射0.2 ml的哈维弧菌、溶藻弧菌、副溶血弧菌和灭菌生理盐水,在感染20d中的不同时间采样,通过检测血清糖类、脂类及蛋白质代谢产物含量,血清蛋白质含量及酶活性,血清电解质含量等有关血液生化指标来比较3种致病弧菌对大黄鱼血液生化指标的影响。结果表明,大黄鱼血液生化指标的变化主要发生在感染后的1～4d,主要表现为总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶、K、Fe显著升高(P<0.05),尿素氮、肌酐、血糖、胆固醇、Na、Cl显著降低(P<0.05),甘油三酯、P、Ca、Mg无显著变化(P>0.05),说明致病菌感染对大黄鱼组织器官的生理机能和代谢水平均产生了影响。反映鱼体受感染后从应激反应发生至生化指标变化主要出现在致病菌感染前期,提示血清生化指标的检测可以作为大黄鱼“溃疡病”早期感染的监测指标。     

冬夏两季五种经济鱼类组织脂肪酸含量及组成分析

为了解不同季节不同鱼类不同组织中的不同脂肪酸含量,科学地指导鱼类膳食消费,本实验研究了冬夏两季,采集自上海市场常见的5种经济鱼类:大黄鱼(海洋肉食性),银鲳(海洋杂食性),日本鳗鲡(淡水肉食性),莫桑比克罗非鱼(淡水杂食性),草鱼(淡水草食性),分别检测鱼背部肌肉、腹部肌肉、尾部肌肉、肝脏和腹腔脂肪组织的脂肪含量和脂肪酸绝对含量。结果显示,5种鱼肌肉脂肪酸谱存在显著差异,并与各自的生活环境及食性均有关系;在鱼的腹腔脂肪或肝脏中,饱和脂肪酸(SFAs)和单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFAs)含量较高,且与组织脂肪含量密切相关;而多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)、n-3系多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3 PUFAs)和n-6系多不饱和脂肪酸(n-6 PUFAs)含量较低,且与组织脂肪含量关系不大;大黄鱼和银鲳各肌肉组织中的n-3 PUFAs、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量以及n-3/n-6值高于莫桑比克罗非鱼和草鱼,并与组织脂肪含量呈正相关;冬季草鱼腹部肌肉、莫桑比克罗非鱼尾部肌肉以及日本鳗鲡和银鲳的肝脏中的n-3 PUFAs含量较夏季高。研究表明,脂肪酸组成与物种、食性、水域环境以及季节温度和组织部位均有关系。从补充n-3 PUFAs摄入的角度分析,日本鳗鲡、大黄鱼和银鲳营养价值高于莫桑比克罗非鱼和草鱼,冬季鱼类的营养价值高于夏季。     

脱脂黑水虻虫粉替代鱼粉对大黄鱼幼鱼生长、体成分、血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响

本实验旨在探讨脱脂黑水虻(Hermetia illucens)虫粉(DBSFLM)替代鱼粉(FM)对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)幼鱼生长、体成分、血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响。实验设计6组等氮(粗蛋白45%)等脂(粗脂肪10%)饲料,用黑水虻脱脂虫粉分别替代饲料中0%、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%的鱼粉蛋白,分别记为G0、G20、G40、G60、G80和G100。选用2160尾平均体重为(50.08±3.31)g的大黄鱼幼鱼随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复120尾,在室内水泥池(2 m×1 m×1 m)进行为期7周的投喂实验。结果表明:(1) G100组大黄鱼幼鱼存活率显著低于其他实验组, G40组大黄鱼增重率(WGR)、蛋白质效率(PER)均显著高于其他组(P0.05);(2)大黄鱼肌肉粗蛋白含量随着DBSFLM替代FM水平的增加而下降,替代40%及以上鱼体粗蛋白含量显著降低(P0.05);肌肉的粗脂肪和粗灰分含量则随DBSFLM替代FM水平的增加而升高,其中替代60%及以上鱼体粗脂肪和粗灰分含量显著升高(P0.05);(3)随着替代水平的升高(40%),大黄鱼血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性显著上升(P0.05),甘油三酯(TG)和胆固醇(CHOL)水平显著下降(P0.05);(4)G20组大黄鱼肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及G40组实验鱼肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均为最高,G40组大黄鱼肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量最低。过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性随着DBSFLM替代FM水平升高呈现下降趋势,替代40%及以上CAT活性显著下降(P0.05)。综上所述,在本实验条件下,脱脂黑水虻虫粉替代饲料中40%鱼粉蛋白对大黄鱼幼鱼的生长性能、体成分及健康状况无负面影响。     

细胞外Ca2+和K8对鲤鱼脑垂体离体生长激素分泌的影响

采用脑垂体离体灌流孵育系统,研究细胞外 Ca~(2+)和 K~+对鲤鱼脑垂体基础的和鲑鱼促性腺激素释放激素(sGnRH)刺激的生长激素(GH)分泌的影响。离体灌流孵育的鲤鱼脑垂体基础 GH分泌和 sGnRH 刺激的 GH 分泌都是细胞外 Ca~(2+)依赖的,缺细胞外 Ca~(2+)存在时,基础 GR分泌显著下降,2分钟脉冲式 sGnRH 刺激的 GH 分泌反应接近消失。Ca~(2+)通道阻滞剂异搏定以剂量依存形式显著抑制基础的和2分钟脉冲式sGnRH 刺激的 GH 分泌,表明细胞外 Ca~(2+)的作用至少部分通过细胞膜电位敏感性 Ca~(2+)通道。50mM K~+显著刺激基础GH 分泌,并显著加强高剂量sGnRH 刺激的GH 分泌,且K~+的作用是细胞外 Ca~(2+)依赖的。     

饲料中n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA比值对罗氏沼虾幼虾生长性能和抗氧化能力的影响

为探讨饲料多不饱和脂肪酸n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA比值对罗氏沼虾幼虾生长性能、虾体肌肉组成、抗氧化能力、血清生理指标以及消化能力的影响，实验设计了n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA比值分别为0.37 (D1)、0.59 (D2)、0.93 (D3)、1.51 (D4)和4.38 (D5)的5种等氮等脂饲料饲喂罗氏沼虾幼虾8周，每组设4重复，每个重复40尾虾 。结果显示，饲料n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA比值对罗氏沼虾幼虾存活率 (SR)无显著影响；实验虾终末体重 (FW)、增重率 (WGR)和特定生长率 (SGR)随饲料n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA比值增加先升后降，均在D3组最高；且D3组虾有最大的肝胰腺蛋白酶活性及脂肪酸合成酶活性。虾体肌肉粗蛋白质、水分和灰分含量不受饲料n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA比值影响，但总脂肪含量在D3组显著高于其他组；各组虾体肌肉的n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA比值的变化趋势与饲料的n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA比值变化趋势呈正相关。随饲料n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA比值增加，实验虾血清和肝胰腺中超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性、总抗氧化能力 (T-AOC)和血清铜蓝蛋白 (CP)含量均呈现先升后降趋势，并在n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA比值为0.93~1.51时达到最大，但丙二醛 (MDA)含量持续上升；D1组血清总胆固醇 (T-CHO)和甘油三酯 (TG)含量显著高于其他组；血清谷草转氨酶 (AST)和谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)活性先降后升，且D3组最低。研究表明，饲料适宜的n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA可显著提升罗氏沼虾生长性能和抗氧化能力，对增重率和特定生长率进行折线回归，建议罗氏沼虾幼虾饲料中最适n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA比值为0.86~0.94。     

Changes in activities and mRNA expression of lipoprotein lipase and fatty acid synthetase in large yellow croaker,Larimichthys crocea (Richardson), during fasting

Over‐winter fasting and man‐made food deprivation to increase meat quality are common in the process of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) aquaculture. This study aimed to determine the changes in lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and fatty acid synthetase (FAS) activities and mRNA expressions, and the relationships between these changes and fat content in large yellow croaker liver and muscle tissues during fasting. A total of 2933 bp LPL cDNA, including an open reading frame of 1533 bp encoding 510 amino acids, and a 1233 bp fragment of FAS cDNA coding 411 amino acids were cloned. Expressions of both genes were ubiquitous. During a 35‐day fasting period, the hepatosomatic index and fat content in muscle and liver were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). mRNA levels of LPL increased significantly during the fasting period except the first 3 days, and FAS mRNA levels decreased significantly in both muscle and liver (P < 0.05) although there were some fluctuations. Muscle and liver LPL activities were significantly higher following fasting for 7 days, decreased to the initial value following fasting for 14 days, and elevating significantly afterwards (P < 0.05). FAS activities in muscle and liver maintained a significantly decreasing trend during the short‐term fasting (P < 0.05) and kept obviously rising thereafter (P < 0.05). Activities and mRNA levels of both LPL and FAS were not always consistent, which implied that both pre‐translational and post‐translational regulations existed during fasting. Our results suggest that the reasonable fasting time is 21 days before harvesting when fat content decreased significantly.     

Effects of fasting on the meat quality and antioxidant defenses of market-size farmed large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea)

The study was conducted to investigate fasting effect on flesh composition and antioxidant defenses of market-size large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). Two hundred fish (main initial weight 380 g) were divided into two groups (control and fasted) and reared in 6 cages. After two weeks of adaptation, group I fasted for 28 days; group II was fed normally as a control. In 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, 6 fish per group were processed for proximate flesh composition, liver antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyden flesh content analyses. In fasted fish, the reduction of lipid content in muscle occurred after day 3, and, compared to controls, the content of protein decreased from day 21, the activities of liver antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) increased from day 3, and flesh malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased from day 21. Muscle lipid reduction shows that the fasting technique is effective in end product improvement of large yellow croaker. However, considering flesh protein loss and the subsequent oxidative stress, the fasting technique should be used with precautions.     

不同脂肪源对异育银鲫生长性能、机体成分、血清生化指标、体组织脂肪酸组成及脂质代谢的影响

试验以异育银鲫为研究对象,分别以日粮中添加5.4%鱼油、5.4%豆油、5.4%菜籽油、5.4%亚麻油为脂肪源,选择健康、规格、体质量基本一致的异育银鲫336尾,随机分为4组,每组3个重复、在可控温循环流水圆形蓄养槽内进行为期64 d的投喂试验,探讨不同脂肪源对异育银鲫生长、体成分及血清生化指标的影响。试验结果表明:豆油组及菜籽油组增重率、特定生长率显著高于鱼油组,豆油组肥满度显著低于鱼油组及亚麻油组,各试验组末均体质量、饲料系数、肝体比及脏体比均没有显著差异(P>0.05);各组间肌肉水分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白及粗灰分均无显著差异(P>0.05);不同饲料脂肪源对鱼体肌肉脂肪酸组成有显著影响,并且鱼体脂肪酸的组成与饲料脂肪酸的组成有很大相关性,其中鱼油组与菜籽油组有极显著相关性(P<0.01),豆油组显著相关(P<0.05);鱼油组的血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶及碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于其它组(P<0.05);各试验组间胰岛素、皮质醇、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、白球比、血糖、胆固醇及甘油三酯均无显著差异(P>0.05);各组肉碱软脂酰基转移酶-Ⅰ(CPT-Ⅰ)、肉碱软脂酰基转移酶-Ⅱ(CPT-Ⅱ)、脂肪酶、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)及脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)均无显著差异(P>0.05)。因此,日粮中添加一定量的豆油、菜籽油或亚麻油同样能取得良好的生长效果,为以后生产中以菜籽油或亚麻油替代豆油或鱼油提供了理论依据,节约了生产成本。     

Effects of dietary vitamin C on survival, growth, and immunity of large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea

An 8 weeks growth experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary vitamin C on the survival, growth, tissue ascorbic acid contents and immunity of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) with initial weight of 17.82 ± 0.68 g. Seven practical diets were formulated to contain 0.1, 12.2, 23.8, 47.6, 89.7, 188.5 and 489.0 mg ascorbic acid equivalent kg^− 1 diet, supplied as l-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate (LAPP). Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish in seawater floating cages (1.5 × 1.5 × 2.0 m), and each cage was stocked with 120 fish. Fish were fed twice daily (05:00 and 17:00) to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. The water temperature fluctuated from 19.5 to 25.5 °C, the salinity from 25 to 28‰ and dissolved oxygen content was approximately 7 mg l^− 1 during the experimental period. Results showed that the specific growth rate (SGR) (from 1.80 to 1.96% d^− 1) had an increasing trend with the increase of dietary vitamin C, but no significant difference was observed among dietary treatments. No gross deficiency signs were observed in any of the experimental fish. Survival rate, however, significantly increased with increasing dietary vitamin C (P < 0.05). The vitamin C contents in liver and muscle correlated positively with the vitamin C in diets. The vitamin C requirement was estimated to be 28.2 mg kg^− 1 based on survival, and 87.0 mg kg^− 1 on liver content of vitamin C. The activities of serum lysozyme and alternative complement pathway (ACP), phagocytosis percentage (PP) and respiratory burst activity of head kidney significantly increased with increasing dietary vitamin C. The challenge experiment with Vibrio harveyi showed that fish fed the diets with supplementation of vitamin C had significantly lower cumulative mortality compared to the control group (66.7%), and the cumulative mortality (16.7%) in fish with 489.0 mg kg^− 1 ascorbic acid was significantly lower than that (41.7%) in fish with 23.8 mg kg^− 1 ascorbic acid. These results suggested that vitamin C significantly influenced the immune response and disease resistance of large yellow croaker.     

Lipid deposition patterns among different sizes of three commercial fish species

This study was conducted to compare lipid deposition pattern of three fish species among fish size, Large yellow croaker (Larmichthys crocea), Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus) and Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.), Using magnetic resonance imaging technology for adult fish, results showed that lipid of large yellow croaker mainly deposits in abdominal cavity wall, while for Japanese seabass mainly deposit in visceral adipose tissue and for turbot lipid mainly distribute subcutaneous tissue. Three sizes for each species were selected: S1 (small size), S2 (intermediate size) and S3 (big size), to examine chemical analysis. Results of chemical analysis indicated that whole body lipid content of large yellow croaker significantly increased with the increase in body weight, but Japanese seabass and turbot significantly decreased (p < .05). Lipid content of muscle and intestinal tract in large yellow croaker significantly increased with the increase in body weight (p < .05), but lipid content of adipose tissue, kidney, heart and skin in S2 group were higher than S1 and S3 groups (p < .05). Lipid content of liver, eye, kidney and brain in Japanese seabass significantly increased with the increase in body weight (p < .05), but lipid content of stomach and heart showed an opposite trend. Lipid content of liver, adipose tissue, skin and eye in turbot significantly decreased (p < .05), but lipid content of brain significantly increased with the increase in body weight (p < .05). The results indicated that lipid content of different tissues in fish presented different trends, which was species‐dependent.     

兴凯湖翘嘴鲌野生和养殖群体脂肪酸及相关血液指标的比较

对3龄、4龄和5龄兴凯湖翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)野生和养殖群体肌肉脂肪含量、脂肪酸含量以及部分血液生化指标进行了分析比较.结果表明:在兴凯湖翘嘴鲌野生与养殖群体肌肉中均检测到18种脂肪酸,以油酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸为主.野生群体肌肉饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二...     

小麦蛋白粉替代鱼粉对大黄鱼幼鱼生长、血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响

为研究小麦蛋白粉替代大黄鱼幼鱼饲料中的鱼粉对其生长性能、体成分、血清生化指标及肝脏抗氧化能力的影响,实验以小麦蛋白粉替代基础饲料中0%(FM组为对照组)、25%(WGM25组)、50%(WGM50组)、75%(WGM75组)和100%(WGM100组)的鱼粉,配制成5种等氮(蛋白质水平为45%)等脂(脂肪水平为10%)的饲料。结果显示,大黄鱼幼鱼各处理组的存活率(SR)和饲料系数(FCR)差异不显著;增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)各替代组显著高于对照组;各处理组的肝体比(HSI)、脏体比(VSI)和肥满度(CF)差异不显著。全鱼粗蛋白、粗脂肪、水分和灰分的含量差异不显著;肌肉粗蛋白、粗脂肪、水分含量差异不显著;肌肉灰分含量WGM50、WGM75组和FM、WGM25、WGM100组差异显著。各处理组大黄鱼血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)的含量均无显著性差异。肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性,WGM25和WGM100组显著低于FM、WGM50和WGM75组;丙二醛(MDA)的活性,WGM50组显著高于FM、WGM25和WGM100组;过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,各组间差异不显著;谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)的活性,WGM100组显著高于其他组。研究表明,在该实验条件下,小麦蛋白粉替代饲料(含40%鱼粉)中100%的鱼粉不会影响大黄鱼幼鱼的生长。     

大黄鱼过氧化氢酶基因的克隆及其对鳗弧菌感染的响应

为探究过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)对大黄鱼机体的保护作用,实验基于大黄鱼基因组序列数据库克隆获得CAT基因1584 bp的完整开放阅读框(GenBank登陆号:KKF-14425.1),该序列编码527个氨基酸残基,包含与其他动物高度保守的酶活性中心序列FDRERIPERVVHAKGA、亚铁血红素结合信号序列RLFSYPDTH、3个催化位点残基His75、Asn148和Tyr358,以及12个NADPH结合位点等,理论分子量为59.98 ku,等电点为8.37。多序列比对显示,大黄鱼CAT氨基酸序列与其他鱼类具有较高的一致性,与同属于石首鱼科的军曹鱼和条石鲷同源性高达94%,在进化树中也聚类于同一进化分支,说明该序列为CAT家族成员。实时荧光定量PCR检测显示,大黄鱼CAT基因在所检测的7种组织(肝脏、脾脏、脑、肾、肌肉、鳃、肠)中均有表达,但在肝脏中表达水平最高(为肌肉中的6.68倍)。鳗弧菌感染后,大黄鱼肝组织中CAT基因的表达随着时间的推移而变化明显,感染后12 h,达到最高(7.48倍),随后逐渐下降,到72 h已基本恢复到原始水平,注射PBS的对照组,CAT基因表达只略有上调,说明病原菌侵染可能引起鱼体产生大量活性氧自由基及H2O2,CAT基因则可以清除体内过量的活性氧,进而防止它们对细胞造成损伤。     

Determination of Fatty Acid Composition and Phospholipid Molecular Species of Large Yellow Croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) Roe from China

The aim of this study is to investigate the composition of the fatty acids and phospholipids derived from large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) roe. The composition of the total lipids and the molecular species of phospholipids were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) and high performance liquid chromatography–evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC–ELSD), respectively. The results showed that large yellow croaker roe had high levels of the total lipid (19.6% ± 1.32%, w/w) and phospholipid (61.2% ± 1.22% of the total lipid). The phospholipid was rich in docosahexaenoic acid (31.0% ± 0.19% of the total phospholipids), and the major phospholipid molecular species was phosphatidylcholine (PC, 61.06% ± 0.02% of the total phospholipids, w/w). It was concluded that large yellow croaker roe is expected to be a good resource of phospholipids with a high content of PC.     

Physiological and molecular changes in large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea R.) with high‐fat diet‐induced fatty liver disease

Fatty liver disease is regularly observed in cultured large yellow croaker, and the disease leads to lower growth rates and reduced harvest yields. The goal of this study was to achieve a more detailed understanding of the physiological and molecular changes in response to high‐fat diet‐induced fatty liver in large yellow croaker. Large yellow croaker fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) for 9 weeks developed hepatic steatosis characterized by histological observation and significantly increased plasma triglyceride levels and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities. However, no significant differences in serum total protein, glucose, cholesterol, non‐esterified free fatty acids (NEFA), aspartate aminotransferase, high‐density lipoprotein and low‐density lipoprotein were observed between the normal diet and the high‐fat diet (HFD) group. The fatty acid composition of tissue lipids was not affected significantly by dietary lipid levels. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that the HFD decreased fatty acid synthase expression and increased PPARγ expression, but had no effect on lipoprotein lipase and PPARα expression. These results suggest that the HFD‐induced physiological changes and fatty liver may be due to the alteration of related gene expression. As such, further investigations of the metabolic pathways and differentially expressed genes are of particular significance in the mechanistic study and understanding of HFD‐induced fatty liver disease.