马氏珠母贝池塘育珠试验

目前,海水珍珠人工养殖都在自然海区进行,受各种自然环境因子制约较大,影响了珍珠养殖产量与质量的提高。为探索池塘养殖海水珍珠技术,我们于１９９６年和１９９７年在北海市竹林海水鱼类养殖基地进行了池塘浮筏吊养马氏珠母贝育珠技术试验,获得成功。现将试验情况报告如下:一、试验材料１．池塘条件:面积２２０亩,一口,不规则形,池深３．０ｍ,池底平坦,泥沙底质,池堤为石头水泥勾缝结构,设进排水门各一座,排灌方便。２．水源:靠潮差纳排自然海水。海水比重１．０１５～１．０２２,水深５０～８０ｃｍ,ｐＨ值８．０～８．５,水温年变化范围…     

马氏珠母贝育苗要点

马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)又称合浦珠母贝,是我国南方沿海重要的经济贝类,它以生产海水珍珠(南珠)而闻名于世。2003年以来,海南大学海洋学院着手进行了"珍珠贝育种规划(Pearl Oyster Breeding scheme,POBs)"     

马氏珠母贝“南科1号”品系

马氏珠母贝,又称合浦珠母贝（Pinctada martensi Dunker,也有用Pinctada fucata Gould）,是生产海水珍珠的主要贝类。目前,我国培育“南珠”的主导品种为杂交贝或其后代,该贝虽然生长快、壳型大,但壳薄、软体部瘦小,插核后死亡率高、留核率低,不是适宜的植核母贝。     

马氏珠母贝激光育苗的研究

马氏珠母贝是培育海水珍珠的主要贝类。近年来,由于近亲繁殖,种群退化,贝体越来越小,致使培育的人工珍珠颗粒也越来越细。为了改良品种,培育出数量多、质量好的马氏珠母贝苗,我们从1982年起,进行激光育苗研究,并于1987年结合生产试     

马氏珠母贝分段育珠试验

于2009年进行了马氏珠母贝分段育珠试验.在河口内湾进行插核母贝的术前处理和后期育珠管养,在池塘进行术后休养和前期育珠管理,以避开台风和河口内湾的淡水期.试验结果表明:手术后休养期珠母贝的成活率平均为87.4%,留核率达78.2%;育珠期珠母贝的成活率平均为73.6%,收获时成珠率为29.5%,插核万贝收珠1.96 kg.与传统育珠模式相比,育珠贝的成活率、成珠率及珍珠质量都有明显提高.     

马氏珠母贝简化式育苗技术

进行了面包酵母、小球藻、扁藻、金藻在马氏珠母贝幼虫不同发育阶段的饵料效果试验,以及不同投饵量在不换水育苗方式中的育苗效果试验。结果表明:在马氏珠母贝人工育苗中D型幼虫期使用面包酵母、壳顶幼虫期使用小球藻,并通过控制投饵量,在不换水的情况下可成功地幼虫培育至变态附着,并进一步培育成商品规格的稚贝,幼虫的附着变态率可达6.5%。     

马氏珠母贝室内循环水养殖初探

马氏珠母贝又称合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata),是我国养殖海水珍珠的主要贝类。我国自1965年成功地开展马氏珠母贝的人工育苗以来,海水珍珠养殖业发展迅速,特别是20世纪90年代以后,海水珍珠成为广东、广西和海南沿海部分地区出口创汇的重要产品。但2007     

马氏珠母贝激光育苗机理的探讨

马氏珠母贝激光育苗，其产量比常规育苗增加１０倍以上，激光能增强精子的活力，提高精液品质，可影响卵子的通透性，使卵子新陈代谢中的某些反应发生良性变化。激光能抑制中致病菌及霉菌的生长，使受精卵发育成健壮的胚胎、幼虫、幼苗。所以，激光育苗是一种投产少，效益极高的育苗方法。     

马氏珠母贝EST微卫星的筛选

构建了马氏珠母贝的血液、足、鳃、胃、肝、心脏、外套膜、珍珠囊和感染多毛虫马氏珠母贝的血液(血感)等9个组织的cDNA文库,测序获得了6979个EST序列,从中查找到了268个重复序列,隶属于243个EST,含微卫星的EST数占EST总数的3.48%.珍珠囊cDNA文库含微卫星的序列所占比例最高,为6.16%,血感的最低,为1.65%.双碱基重复序列130个,占48.5%,(AT/AT)n类型最常见;三碱基类型的83个,占约31%,其中(AAT/ATT)n和(AAG/CTT)n较多;四碱基重复的有30个,占11.2%,(AAAT/ATTT)n占了该类型的约50%.一共能够设计151对微卫星引物,有130对可以扩增,占合成引物总数的86.09%,其中,多态性引物45对.多态性EST-SSR的筛选将为马氏珠母贝的分子遗传学研究、种质鉴定和野生资源保护等提供可靠的工具.     

马氏珠母贝精子的超低温保存

通过比较不同pH值（5．5-9．5）、不同盐度的海水等作为基础液对马氏珠母贝精子保存的影响,选择其中无激活精子作用又对其生理特性（活力,寿命,受精能力等）无影响者,加入二甲亚砜抗冻剂配制成超低温保存的抗冻保护液,精液与保护液按1：10和1：20的比例混合,样品按4组不同的降温程序平衡后转入液氮冷冻,比较其超低温冻存的效果。结果表明：以海水（pH7．5—8．0）为基础液,配制10％DMSO作为抗冻保护液,精液与保护液比例为1：20,在低温（0-4℃）中平衡约30min,在距液氮面15cm、5cm处分别停留5min、10min后转入液氮（-196℃）,冻存精子效果良好。冷冻24h、48h及5个月后,在38—40℃下水浴解冻复苏后,用终浓度0．25‰的氨海水刺激,精子存活率可超过60％,受精率可达80％。     

马氏珠母贝人工育苗的若干关键技术

讨论了马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)人工育苗的若干关键技术。马氏珠母贝育苗的关键是要做到亲贝优、幼虫优、饵料质量好数量足、水环境稳定。育苗的最高成活率可达31．1％,单位水体的出苗量可达62．3万个／m^3。     

马氏珠母贝肉软罐头的研制

研究了以马氏珠母贝肉为主要原料，配以各种调味料，经调味、渗透、干燥、加工生产色泽、质地和风味良好的马氏珠母贝肉软罐头的工艺技术。     

马氏珠母贝术前处理的研究

实验结果表明:经术前处理后的插核贝休养期存活率为95 2%,育珠期存活率达85 5%,每贝只插1个核,休养期留核率为0 86,育珠期留核率达0 71。珍珠的质量明显提高,优质珍珠的生成率高达34 6%,比对照组高出27 5%。     

马氏珠母贝蛋白的分离及分子量分布研究

试验结果表明,马氏珠母贝全脏器各分离蛋白组分占总蛋白含量分别为:非蛋白氮1.48%,肌浆蛋白33.20%,肌原纤维蛋白13.14%,碱溶性蛋白21.54%,基质蛋白30.65%;贝肌肉各分离蛋白组分占总蛋白含量分别为:非蛋白氮0.83%,肌浆蛋白26.56%,肌原纤维蛋白18.48%,碱溶性蛋白30.34%,基质蛋白23.79%;马氏珠母贝蛋白氨基酸组成均衡,呈味氨基酸及支链氨基酸含量高,但在各蛋白组分中的含量存在一定差异性.利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)测定的分子量分布结果显示,2种原料蛋白的肌浆蛋白分子量分布范围较宽,集中在200～19 kDa,肌原纤维蛋白分子量分布集中在200～45 kDa,碱溶性蛋白集中分布在41～3 kDa.     

白云石珠核对马氏珠母贝外套膜表皮细胞作用的研究

利用光镜和透射电镜技术对白云石珠核"平板珍珠"生成过程中马氏珠母贝外套膜表皮细胞的显微与超微结构变化进行观察。观察结果表明,在"平板珍珠"生成过程中,白云石珠核与贝壳珠核结果一致。外套膜受到异缘物的刺激,发生一系列的表皮细胞形态和细胞器的变化。(1)细胞形态变化:外表皮细胞高度发生变化,先增高再变矮,其中插片后6、12d变化较明显,而12d最高,且胞质中的空泡化最明显。(2)黏液细胞量变化:插片后Ⅱ型黏液细胞数量增多,而插片后6、12、19d外表皮中则很少黏液细胞分布。(3)细胞器变化:插片后22h,柱状细胞内质网上的核糖体消失,高尔基体减少,线粒体也多转变为分泌泡;39h,原来具成群线粒体和分泌泡的细胞内的线粒体很少,分泌泡则非常多;6d,粗面内质网增多;12、19d,有较多含有成群的线粒体的细胞,分泌泡则很少。     

Fertilization,Hatching, Survival,and Growth of Third-Generation Colored Pearl Oyster (Pinctada martensii) Stocks

In April of 2009, third-generation black (BS₃), red (RS₃), yellow (YS₃), and white (WS₃) colored stocks of pearl oyster Pinctada martensii were compared in terms of fertilization, hatching, survival, and growth. Among stocks, there were no significant differences in fertilization rate (P > 0.05; values ranging from 94.8%–98.9%). Hatching rates of WS₃ were significantly lower (P < 0.05) at 61.3 ± 6.1% than other stocks (74.3 ± 5.4%, 75.9 ± 5.2%, 73.9 ± 4.9%, for BS₃, RS_3, and YS_3, respectively). Larval survival rates of the BS₃ stock (65.8 ± 9.4%), RS₃ (61.5 ± 8.7%), and YS₃ (58.2 ± 9.2 %) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of the WS₃ stock (44.8 ± 11.2%). On day 8, there were no significant differences in mean shell length among the four colored stocks (P > 0.05). At days 15, 23, 90, 150, 210, and 325, however, significant differences in mean shell length among the four colored stocks were observed (P < 0.05). The BS₃ stock had consistently larger mean shell length than the other colored stocks.     

温度和pH对马氏珠母贝肝胰脏消化酶活力的影响

2006年4月,从湛江市流沙港马氏珠母贝养殖群体中挑选黄壳色个体为亲本.繁殖黄壳色选系F1.2007年10月,在黄壳色选系F1随机取样,分析了温度和pH对马氏珠母贝肝胰脏消化酶活力的影响.试验结果表明,温度为15～50℃时,淀粉酶和纤维素酶的最适温度分别为25,40℃;温度为15～75℃时,蛋白酶的最适温度为55℃.不...     

Purification and Characterization of an Antioxidant Protein from Pearl Oyster (Pinctada fucata martensii)

Protein from pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata martensii) was purified and characterized. Results showed that the pearl muscle protein (PMP) was composed of a single polypeptide with a molecular weight of approximate 11.6 kDa and contained 95.1% of the protein and 4.92% of the carbohydrate of the oyster. The polypeptide appears to be a glycoprotein, since the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of the PMP shows the typical characteristics of protein and polysaccharides. The denaturation temperature of the PMP was 81.3°C by differential scanning calorimetry. Circular dichroism spectroscopy showed that the PMP has a highly ordered structure. The PMP (200 μg/mL) showed a high oxygen radical absorbance activity (ORAC) of 6.57 μmol Trolox/μmol protein. Its antioxidant activity was stable at temperatures from 30–80°C and pH 2–10. The antioxidant activity was significantly inhibited by Zn²⁺, Ca²⁺, and EDTA and enhanced by Mn²⁺. The results suggest that the PMP could be used as a potential natural antioxidant.     

Imidazole‐dicarboxylic Acid Nickel Complex as a Novel Grafting Agent for Pearl Oyster,Pinctada martensii

In the pearl cultivation industry, the implantation of the nucleus is a critical step in the production process. The surgical insertion of the nucleus and the mantle results in a wound and stress that affect not only the survival chances of the pearl oysters but also the quality of the pearls produced. This study proposes a synthesized imidazole‐dicarboxylic acid nickel complex that may hold potential in assisting the wound healing and nacre formation processes. The acute toxicity of the complex to pearl oysters, Pinctada martensii, was examined in a dose–response study over a 90‐h exposure. The safe concentrations of the nickel complex determined using probit analysis were 0.916 mg/L and 0.471 mg/L for 72‐h and 96‐h treatments, respectively. The reliability of the regression was verified using the chi‐square test. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in different regions of the treated and control oysters, along with relevant blood biochemical indices, were measured over a 90‐d period to predict the potential effects of the nickel complex on wound healing and nacre formation. A significant increase in ALP activity in the mantle, together with elevated blood levels of Mg (II) and globulin, and reduced blood levels of Zn (II) and blood urea nitrogen were observed. These results indicate that the prepared nickel complex may hold promise in helping wound healing post mantle implantation, promote the secretion of nacre, and enhance the immunity of the oysters, thus ultimately improving the yield and quality of the pearls.