黑鲷幼鱼对饵料蛋白质,脂肪,糖类需求量的研究

实验了９种人工配合饵料，其中，蛋白质，脂肪和糖类含量为４１．２％，１７．６％和１５．９％的４号饵料，使黑鲷幼鱼生长最快，实验４３天，幼鱼增重率为６４．３％，饵料系数为１．３。     

不同饵料对褶皱臂尾轮虫种群生长繁殖的影响↑（*）

用３种饵料、４个组合培养褶皱臂尾轮虫，研究饵料对轮虫种群生长、繁殖的影响。结果表明：用光合细菌和鲜酵母混合为饵组，轮虫的最高培养密度达到了１８２０ｍＬ－１，高于其它３组；轮虫的日平均增殖率为０．４３５１，比光合细菌组和鲜酵母组分别增加了６．４％和２５．０％。对轮虫生长、繁殖有明显的促进作用。     

模拟生态条件初探魁蚶致死原因

本文通过控制温度，充气量，饵料供给３种生态因子条件的改变，初探魁蚶致死原因，结果表明，魁蚶在近乎静水中，饵料适宜，水温不超过２８℃生长良好，而在风浪较大（动水）水温超过２８℃这两种情况下致死，且死亡率较高。     

工厂化养鳖饲料中维生素E的应用研究（下）

－试验结果（１）生长比较饲养试验中，每两周各组进行一次生长测定，期间幼鳖生长测定五次，生长情况见表２、对照组和试验组各生长指标的比较结果见表３。表２幼鳖生长结果表３生长结果比较表３显示，添加５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的Ａ组和１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的Ｂ组，饵料系数比对照Ｃ组分别低０－１５０和０．４４６，饵料效率比Ｃ组分别高２－４％和１０－９％。同时Ｂ组和Ａ组相比，Ｂ组饵料系数低０－２９６，饵料效率高８－５％。这说明增加维生素Ｅ的添加量有利于提高饵料的利用率、降低饵料系数。显示饲料中维生素Ｅ添加水平为５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ和…     

黄鳝高产养殖试验

连续３年进行了黄鳝高产养殖试验，通过科学放养，选择适合饵料并加强投喂，及时防病治病，严格管理等技术措施，取得了用动物饵料和配合饲料养鳝的成功，大面积用动物饵料养殖产量５６ｋｇ／ｍ２。     

甜菜碱及其盐酸用作鲤鱼饲添加剂的初步研究

在粗蛋白含量为３１．６９％，粗脂肪含量为３．８９％的二龄鲤鱼配合饲料中分别添加由沈阳石油化工院研制出的甜菜碱甜菜碱盐酸盐的粗品和粗品这三种物质，添加量分别为０．３％、０．５％和０．３％。在小网箱中养殖鲤鱼进行效果试验。结果表明，三种物质均能较明显地促进鲤鱼摄食、增重和降低饵料系数。其日增重率较对照组分别提高４９．３２％、４１．７８％和４３．８４％，饵料系数则分别降低２４．１６％、２２．１３％和１４     

甜菜碱及其盐酸盐用作鲤鱼饲料添加剂的初步研究

在粗蛋白含量为３１．６９％，粗脂肪含量为３．８９％的二龄鲤鱼配合饲料中分别添加由沈阳石油化工研究院研制出的甜菜碱、甜菜碱盐酸盐的粗品和精品这三种物质，添加量分别为０．３％，０．５％和０．３％。在小网箱中养殖鲤鱼进行效果试验。结果表明，三种物质均能较明显地促进鲤鱼摄食、增重和降低饵料系数。其日增重率较对照组分别提高４９．３２％、４１．７８％和４３．８４％，饵料系数则分别降低２４．１６％、２２．１３％和１４．１３％。从而初步确定了甜菜碱及其盐酸盐用作鲤鱼饲料添加剂是可行的。     

史氏鲟南移驯养及生物学的研究:Ⅲ.仔鱼的开口摄食

用单一的水蚯蚓、卤虫无节幼体、池塘浮游动物、人工配合饲料投喂及先卤虫无节幼体后人工配合饲料混合投喂等五种方式培育史氏鲟仔鱼。结果为：卤虫无节幼体是史氏鲟最好的开口饵料，可获得高的成活率和生长率；开口摄食后３－５天，即可开始投喂人工饵料进行食性驯化，２０日龄的鱼苗可获得满意的饵料驯化效果。     

中国对虾（Penaeus orientalis Kishinouye）的几种必需脂肪酸营养价值的比较研究

用四种试验饵料，其中分别含有１％高纯度的ω－３及ω－６不饱和脂肪酸（亚油酸Ｃ１８∶２ω６、亚麻酸Ｃ１８∶３ω３、花生四烯酸Ｃ２０∶４ω６、二十二碳六烯酸Ｃ２２∶６ω，ＤＨＡ）以及一种对照饵料含有５％棕榈酸Ｃ１６∶０和油酸Ｃ１８∶１ω９混合物对中国对虾（ＰｅｎａｅｕｓｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓＫｉｓｈｉｎｏｕｙｅ）幼虾进行了为期３２天的投喂试验，从成活率、蜕皮次数及增重等实验结果可见二十二碳六烯酸（ＤＨＡ）对中国对虾幼虾具有最高的营养价值。同时，对海捕和人工养殖的中国对虾的脂肪酸组成进行了比较，两者都含有大量的ω－３系列的高度不饱和脂肪酸；但是与海捕虾相比较，人工养殖对虾的ＤＨＡ含量较低，而亚油酸含量较高。上列结果表明在对虾饵料中补充富含ＤＨＡ的脂肪源将有效地促进对虾增产。     

对虾饵料用酵母菌的选育研究

将Ｙ２、Ｙ３、Ｙ４、Ｙ５、Ｙ６、Ｙ７株饵料酵母菌，接种到培养基上培养，测定Ｂ族维生素、维生素Ｄ以及蛋氨酸，赖氨酸的含量，并进行紫外线和ＥＭＳ复合诱变处理，结果发现：Ｙ３、Ｙ４、Ｙ７是３株优良酵母菌，其始发株和诱变株不仅富含Ｂ族维生素和维生素Ｄ，而且蛋氨酸和赖氨酸含量丰富，是理想的对虾饵料用酵母菌。     

长毛对虾幼体的食性

本文采用11种单细胞藻类、3种动物、2种人工饵料，分别喂养不同发育期的长毛对虾幼体，从其变态速度和存活率，比较各种饵料的效果．并对幼体口器与食性关系、溞状幼体死亡率与食性转化关系，以及人工投饵与生态系育苗相结合的问题作了初步探讨。     

Environmental determinants of growth rates for larval Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus in different waters

Do disparate mechanisms determine growth rates of fish larvae in the different regions? The relationship between growth rates and environmental factors (sea temperature and food availability) was examined for larval Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus in geographically and environmentally different waters, through sagittal otolith microstructure analysis. Recent 3‐day mean growth rates directly before capture were positively related with sea‐surface temperature (SST) but not with food availability (plankton density) for the larvae in the Kuroshio Extension and Kuroshio–Oyashio transition regions of the western North Pacific. On the contrary, variations in recent growth rates were attributed to food availability (plankton density) as well as SST for the larvae in the East China Sea. In the shirasu fishing ground in Sagami Bay, larval growth rates were variable under the influences of both SST and food availability (feeding incidence). On the surface, the growth–environment relationships seemed to differ among regions. However, a definite general pattern of the dome‐shaped relationship between recent growth rates and SST was observed when all the regions were combined. Growth rates were similar even among clearly different regions if at the same SST. Overall, growth rates roughly increased with SST until they reached the maximum at SST of 21–22°C (i.e. optimal growth temperature), and declined when SST went over 21–22°C. On the contrary, no clear relationship was observed between growth rate and plankton density or between SST and plankton density. Therefore, the apparent among‐region differences would be firstly caused by the differences in regional SST range. The systematic mechanism of growth determination for widespread pelagic fish species larvae would be run by primarily sea temperature and secondarily food availability, at the species level.     

滇池粘皮鯔虾虎鱼食物组成及摄食策略分析

对粘皮鯔鰕虎鱼Mugilogobius myxodermus在滇池水体的食物组成、摄食策略进行分析,初步探讨其对滇池饵料资源环境的适应性,为进一步研究其生态入侵策略积累基础资料。在东大河湿地公园湖滨带设5个采集点,2014年5月9-10日及10月10日进行了2次样品采集,分别采集到粘皮鯔鰕虎鱼17尾、130尾。滇池粘皮鯔鰕虎鱼5月份种群内以成熟个体为主,10月份转变为以幼鱼为主。粘皮鯔鰕虎鱼消化道共检出23种食物类型,主要有多种枝角类、桡足类、介形虫及摇蚊幼虫等。以出现频率评价,5月份主要摄食枝角类、桡足类、摇蚊幼虫及蛹和介形虫,10月份主要摄食枝角类、桡足类、介形虫和摇蚊幼虫;以数量百分比评价,5月份较多的饵料种类为桡足类、尖额溞、摇蚊类幼虫和网纹溞,10月份较多的饵料种类为介形虫、桡足类和摇蚊幼虫、轮虫等。初步揭示粘皮鯔鰕虎鱼入侵早期种群具有喜好底栖食物的广食性特征,但仍需进一步探索其在滇池流域广阔生境中如何在不同时空尺度上针对不同的饵料基础所采取的摄食策略的差异,深入研究其在与先期入侵的近缘种的摄食竞争中如何取得生存机会。     

Effects of Rotifer and Artemia Fatty-Acid Enrichment on Survival, Growth and Pigmentation of Summer Flounder Paralichthys dentatus Larvae

Abstract— Enrichment of live food for marine fish larvae with highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) has been shown to improve survival, growth and stress resistance in many species and to decrease pigmentation abnormalities in flatfish. In order to aid the developing summer flounder industry, we conducted an experiment in which summer flounder larvae were fed diets differing in HUFA composition to determine whether enrichment with a commercially available product would increase survival and growth and reduce the incidence of abnormal pigmentation. We also examined whether growing unenriched rotifers on different species of algae would affect the survival, growth and pigmentation of the flounder larvae to which they were fed. Growth of summer flounder larvae was significantly better when they were fed HUFA-enriched Mtifers and Artemia rather than unenriched and, among the unenriched treatments, was significantly better when the larvae were fed rotifers raised on Isochrysis galbana rather than on Tetraselmis suecica . The percentage of larvae that failed to complete metamorphosis during the experiment was significantly higher in the unenriched treatments than in the enriched treatments. Neither survival nor percentage of individuals with pigmentation abnormalities were significantly different among the treatments.     

A technique for the isolation of microscopic algae suitable for feeding to specific invertebrate larvae

A technique is described for extracting algal cells from the gut of wild Nassarius pauperatus larvae. These cells were subsequently cultured and proved a suitable food for Nassarius pauperatus larvae cultured in the laboratory. It is suggested that the application of this technique may supply suitable food species for many species of herbivorous zooplankton, and therefore be important aquaculturally.     

Food ingestion,consumption and selectivity of pompano,Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus 1758) under different rotifer densities

The growth, survival, food selection and consumption of pompano larvae under different rotifer densities as well as their colour preference during the rotifer feeding stage were examined in this study. Growth and survival of fish larvae were not significantly affected when rotifer density was between 10 and 20 mL^?1. Fish larvae grew slower at 1 and 40 rotifers mL^?1 than at 10 and 20 rotifers mL^?1, and higher fish survival was achieved when fish larvae were exposed to 10 and 20 rotifers mL^?1. The rotifer density of 1 mL^?1 not only reduced food ingestion during the early stage, but also delayed diet switch from rotifer to copepod nauplii. On 5 days post hatching (DPH), larval pompano ingested more rotifers in dark‐coloured tanks and ingested more rotifers when prey colour was green. Based on the results obtained in the present study, the culture of larval pompano larvae is recommended using dark wall tanks with a feeding density of 10–20 rotifers mL^?1 during the initial feeding stage. This study proposes a management protocol to use appropriate type and quantity of live food to feed pompano larvae in a hatchery rearing condition, which could be applicable to the culture of fish larvae in other marine fish species.     

The food value of Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin to the larvae of Ostrea edulis L. and Crassostrea gigas Thunberg

The food value of three cultures of Phaeodactylum tricornutum composed of three different cell forms was measured for the larvae of the bivalve molluscs Ostrea edulis and Crassostrea gigas. While all three types supported good growth of both species of larvae, there were no significant differences in food value between the three and the Isochrysis galbana controls. Increasing the feeding rate of one type of P. tricornutum culture had no marked effect on the growth rates, survival or settlement of C. gigas larvae in the range equivalent in terms of dry weight to 25–200 cells I. galbana/μl.     

Benthic food webs support the production of sympatric flatfish larvae in estuarine nursery habitat

Identifying nursery habitats is of paramount importance to define proper management and conservation strategies for flatfish species. Flatfish nursery studies usually report upon habitat occupation, but few attempted to quantify the importance of those habitats to larvae development. The reliance of two sympatric flatfish species larvae, the European flounder Platichthys flesus and the common sole Solea solea, on the estuarine food web (benthic versus pelagic), was determined through carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis. The organic matter sources supporting the production of P. flesus and S. solea larvae biomass originates chiefly in the benthic food web. However, these species have significantly different δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values which suggest that they prey on organisms that use a different mixture of sources or assimilate different components from similar OM pools (or both).     

莱州湾大型砂壳纤毛虫丰度的水平分布

根据2011年5-11月及2012年3-4月在莱州湾进行的每月1次共9个航次的调查资料,通过解剖镜下镜检浮游生物网拖网样品,分析莱州湾3-11月大型砂壳纤毛虫丰度的水平分布。结果显示,砂壳纤毛虫总丰度的水平分布在不同时间呈现不同的特点:3–5月砂壳纤毛虫总丰度在湾底较高,向湾口递减;6-11月砂壳纤毛虫总丰度在湾中及湾口较高,湾底近岸海区较低。各月砂壳纤毛虫丰度较大的区域温度、盐度比较相似,表明砂壳纤毛虫可能有一定的适温性和适盐性。其中,6月砂壳纤毛虫丰度的分布与同期调查的鱼卵和仔稚鱼的分布较一致,表明砂壳纤毛虫可能是仔稚鱼的开口饵料,对鱼类仔稚鱼的成活和发育有帮助。3-11月砂壳纤毛虫种丰富度的变化范围是5-20种,有17个种在不同月份成为优势种。优势种种类数最多的是7、8月(10种),4月最少(2种)。各航次中不同优势种的最大丰度为489×103个/m3(运动类铃虫Codonellopsis mobilis,5月);较小的丰度仅为4×103个/m3(半旋拟铃虫Tintinnopsis hemispiralis,11月)。主要优势种(连续3个月或3个月以上为优势种的种类)有运动类铃虫(C.mobilis)、白领细壳虫(Stenosemella nivalis)、根状拟铃虫(Tintinnopsis radix)、妥肯丁拟铃虫(T.tocantinensis)和半旋拟铃虫(T.hemispiralis)。8月在黄河入海口附近的3个站位发现河口拟铃虫(Tintinnopsis estuariensis),这是在长江口海域发现的砂壳纤毛虫新种。