共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 150 毫秒
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近年我市大菱鲆人工养殖发展很快,但目前国内大菱鲆专用饲料却很少。丹东地区个别养殖户对大菱鲆的营养需求及摄食习性了解甚少,在自制饲料过程中出现了一些误区,导致大菱鲆营养不良,生长缓慢。 相似文献
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目前,大菱鲆养殖发展迅速,仅山东省莱州市就有养殖温室大棚500多个,养殖面积40万m2,养殖大菱鲆约150万尾~200万尾。现在国内大菱鲆专用饲料很少,成鱼养殖一般从国内饲料厂家购置粉末饲料,然后加入添加剂和鲜杂鱼肉搅拌挤压成湿性颗粒料,现做现喂。这种做法优点是原料容易购进、制作工艺简单、价格比较便宜,能够保持生鲜饵料特有的营养成分。但根据我们最近的一次调查显示,由于许多养殖户对大菱鲆营养需求及摄食习性方面的知识了解甚少,在自制饲料过程中出现了一些问题:一为人吃的有营养的东西鱼吃了一定也有好处,… 相似文献
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大菱鲆盾纤虫病防治新技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
大菱鲆盾纤虫病(嗜腐虫病、指状拟舟虫病)发病率高,流行时间长,经常同其他细菌性疾病并发,在鱼体内寄生,目前尚无特效疗法,养殖死亡率较高,是大菱鲆工厂化养殖中危害严重的疾病之一。 相似文献
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研究了饵料中添加植酸酶、非淀粉多糖酶及二者的组合酶对大菱鲆幼鱼生长、体成分以及饵料利用率的影响。在水温14.0~18.5℃将144尾初始平均体质量为(20.53±0.10) g的大菱鲆幼鱼随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复放养12尾鱼,分别饲喂基础饵料(对照组)和在每千克基础饵料中添加200 mg植酸酶、100 mg非淀粉多糖酶、200 mg植酸酶+100 mg非淀粉多糖酶的组合酶(试验组)。计42 d。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,添加外源酶显著提高了大菱鲆幼鱼的特定生长率( P<0.05),且添加组合酶的特定生长率最高,较对照组提高了16.30%;但摄食率、饵料系数、蛋白质效率和成活率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。饵料中添加外源酶对大菱鲆幼鱼的鱼体水分、粗脂肪、灰分和能量无显著影响(P>0.05);但鱼体粗蛋白含量均有增加(P>0.05),且添加非淀粉多糖酶鱼体粗蛋白含量最高(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,添加非淀粉多糖酶和组合酶显著提高大菱鲆幼鱼的干物质、粗蛋白、磷和能量的表观消化率(P<0.05);添加植酸酶显著提高粗蛋白表观消化率(P<0.05),干物质、磷和能量表观消化率较对照组高,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。饵料中添加外源酶显著提高大菱鲆幼鱼氮、磷贮积率,显著降低氮排放率(P<0.05);添加组合酶显著降低磷排放率(P<0.05);饵料中分别添加植酸酶和非淀粉多糖酶未显著降低磷排放率(P>0.05),但有下降趋势。 相似文献
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小杂鱼携带细菌与大菱鲆疾病发生的相关性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
腹水病是工厂化养殖大菱鲆的一种常见病和多发病,常造成鱼类大规模的死亡。2006年6月山东某大菱鲆Scophthalmus maximus养殖场发生大规模腹水病,通过对病鱼细菌的分离、纯化和培养,对养殖井水、养殖池水和所用饵料小杂鱼进行细菌追踪调查,将从该养殖场所用小杂鱼中分离得到的细菌RF-1与鱼体分离的细菌FS-1进行比较,并对其进行人工感染试验,结果证明这2株菌对健康大菱鲆都具有很强的致病性,而且感染症状完全一致。进而对这2株菌进行了API—ID32E鉴定、传统的生理生化鉴定和16S rRNA序列分析,发现小杂鱼携带细菌RF-1与病原菌FS-1具有一致性,均为溶藻弧菌(Virio alginolyticus)。最后对这2株细菌进行了药敏试验,为控制疾病的发生和蔓延提供用药指导。 相似文献
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以大菱鲆(Scophthatmus maximus)为研究对象,系统比较分析了其背部、腹部、胸腔部、尾部、裙边和鱼皮的基本营养成分、胶原蛋白含量、氨基酸与脂肪酸组成及质构特性,并进行了营养价值评价,获得了大菱鲆各部位营养与质构品质的基础数据。研究结果显示,不同部位的粗蛋白含量存在差异,鱼皮中含量最高为29.04%,而裙边含量最低为12.99%,与其他部位肌肉差异均极显著(P<0.01)。背部、腹部、胸腔部和尾部的粗蛋白含量分别为18.76%、18.96%、17.91%和18.39%;裙边粗脂肪含量最高达17.47%,脂肪酸种类最多为27种,并且含量达318.09 mg/g,多不饱和脂肪酸的含量为其他部位的3.90~6.76倍,其中亚油酸含量最高(107.26 mg/g),其次为DHA(64.39 mg/g)和EPA(26.61 mg/g);鱼皮中胶原蛋白含量达224.69 mg/g,显著高于其余部位(P<0.01),可作为制备胶原蛋白的原料。各部位中均检测出18种氨基酸,背部、腹部、胸腔部、尾部和裙边中第一限制性氨基酸均为Met+Cys,而在鱼皮中第一限制性氨基酸为Trp;另外,大菱鲆除鱼皮之外,其余各部位氨基酸组成均符合FAO/WHO参考模式标准;通过质构特性分析,发现胸腔部肌肉的硬度、咀嚼性和弹性显著高于其余部位(P<0.05),口感更佳。 相似文献
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F. Bian H. Zhou G. He C. Wang H. Peng X. Pu H. Jiang X. Wang K. Mai 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2017,23(6):1429-1439
A ten‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing fishmeal with two differently processed cottonseed meals (CSM), namely XC and SC, separately in turbot (5.28 ± 0.02 g). Nine isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated without fishmeal replacement (FM), 150 g/kg (XC15, SC15), 250 g/kg (XC25, SC25), 350 g/kg (XC35, SC35) and 450 g/kg (XC45, SC45) of fishmeal replaced by CSM. Fishmeal was successfully replaced by XC in turbot diets without growth reduction at 350 g/kg, but not by SC even at 150 g/kg. The apparent digestibility coefficients of SC‐included diets were significantly lower than XC‐included diets at same replacement level. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase and superoxide dismutase were significantly affected in XC45 and SC45 group. The XC45 and SC‐included diets caused shortened distal intestine villi height and structural damage of liver compared with FM diet. This study indicated that different processing methods could affect the nutritional value of CSM and effect as a protein source for turbot. CSM with high quality could be an important alternative dietary protein source for juvenile turbot. 相似文献
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Transition from endogenous to exogenous nutritional sources in larval Black Sea turbot Psetta maxima
Masato Moteki Kenzo Yoseda Temel Sahin Cennet Üstündag Hiroshi Kohno 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(4):571-578
ABSTRACT: Early growth, yolk and oil globule absorption, early morphological development and initial feeding were studied in the Black Sea turbot Psetta maxima . Based on energy transition and morphological development, the nutritional transition process from endogenous to exogenous sources was divided into six phases: (i) primordial phase (from hatching to ≈ 30 h after hatching, HAH); (ii) organogenesis phase (to ≈ 90 HAH); (iii) onset of feeding (to ≈ 110 HAH); (iv) early feeding (to ≈ 190 HAH); (v) intensified feeding (to ≈ 230 HAH); and (vi) completion of oil globule absorption (to beyond 345 HAH). Based on comparisons with early life stage features of other marine species, the turbot larvae were shown to possess the following characteristics: (i) oil globule remaining for a long period, resulting in an extended mixed feeding period; and (ii) feeding rate extremely high in larvae immediately following final absorption of the oil globule. These features in early turbot larvae were regarded as advantageous for survival in a rearing condition, although the coincidence of initial feeding with completion of yolk absorption signaled a period of leveled-off growth rate. 相似文献
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为研究亚麻籽油替代不同鱼油水平对大菱鲆幼鱼[初始体质量为(5.89±0.02)g]生长、脂肪酸组成以及肝脏和肌肉脂肪沉积的影响,以亚麻籽油分别替代0、33.3%、66.7%和100%鱼油,配制4种等氮等脂饲料。每组饲料随机投喂3组实验鱼,饱食投喂,养殖周期为92 d。结果发现,饲料亚麻籽油水平并未显著影响大菱鲆幼鱼存活率(SR)和特定生长率(SGR),但显著影响其摄食率(FI)、饲料效率(FE)和表观净蛋白利用率(ANPU)。随饲料亚麻籽油水平升高,FI显著升高,而FE和ANPU显著下降,且其均在100%亚麻籽油组分别达到最大值或最小值。饲料亚麻籽油水平并未显著影响大菱鲆饲料脂肪表观消化率、肝体比和肌肉脂肪含量。当饲料中亚麻籽油替代100%鱼油,鱼体肝脏脂肪含量显著高于全鱼油组。肝脏和肌肉脂肪酸组成与饲料脂肪酸组成相似。相对于全鱼油组,亚麻籽油替代组肌肉和肝脏中亚油酸和亚麻酸显著升高,而EPA和DHA含量显著下降。研究表明,大菱鲆饲料中亚麻籽油替代水平应低于66.7%,且大菱鲆饲料中n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸含量需大于0.8%。 相似文献
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为探究大菱鲆分别在有水及无水条件下运输过程中生理生化指标及肌肉品质的变化,为大菱鲆的保活运输提供参考。将大菱鲆进行暂养、降温、充氧包装后进行模拟运输,并在运输不同时间段取样,检测大菱鲆生理生化指标及肌肉指标。结果显示,模拟运输18 h后,有水运输组和无水运输组中的大菱鲆存活率仍为100%。大菱鲆肌肉中水分含量、粗脂肪、pH、糖原、三磷酸腺苷(ATP)和腺苷酸(AMP)含量显著降低,乳酸和肌苷酸(IMP)含量升高。其中,有水运输组中的大菱鲆AMP含量降低了38.65%,IMP含量增加了29.1%,无水运输组中的大菱鲆AMP含量降低了12.83%,IMP含量增加了28.47%。大菱鲆血液生化指标中,葡萄糖、尿素氮和皮质醇含量显著升高。运输过程后,无水运输组中大菱鲆生理应激及能量代谢指标的变化幅度均小于有水运输处理组中的大菱鲆。此外,低温无水运输组大菱鲆肌肉中呈味核苷酸IMP和AMP含量显著高于有水运输组,表明低温无水运输增加了大菱鲆呈鲜味物质的含量,提高了鱼肉风味。研究表明,低温无水保活技术在活鱼运输中具有广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
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One step to improve the economics of Recirculated Aquaculture Systems (RAS) is the use of the right feed. A 12-week lasting growth trial with juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) with an average initial weight of 54.4 ± 19.3 g evaluated the economic impact of choosing the best feed. Therefore, commercially available feeds recommended for turbot culture, two floating (feed 1 and feed 3) and one sinking (feed 2), were tested in a low-water exchange RAS device. Compositions of the macronutrients for the floating diets were 56.0% (protein), 12.0% (fat), 1.1% (fiber), and 10.0% (ash) for feed 1, which will be referred to as Floating 1, and 55.0% (protein), 16.0% (fat), 0.7% (fiber), and 11.0% (ash) for feed 3, which will be referred as Floating 2. The macronutrient composition of feed 2, which will be referred to as Sinking, was 50.0% (protein), 15.0% (fat), 1.4% (fiber), and 9.9% (ash). Growth performance differed significantly between feeds; the specific growth rates (SGR) ranged between 0.92% d?1 (Sinking) and 1.25% d?1 (Floating 1 and 2), resulting in a significantly higher growth rate for the floating feeds. Feed conversion ratios (FCR) were also significantly different, and Sinking showed the highest FCRs during the experiment. We assume that this was caused by the different swimming characteristics of the feeds and the foraging behavior of the fish instead of the different nutritional compositions of the diets. Including retailer prices, the feed costs per kg produced fish differed between 9.3% and 20.2%, resulting in the highest production costs for the Sinking. Therefore, finding the right feed for turbot and optimizing the feeding regime according to its requirements will improve the economic feasibility of turbot culture. 相似文献
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The growth rates and food conversion efficiencies of juvenile normally pigmented turbot, malpigmented turbot and turbot-brill hybrids were measured at 10°C and 14°C. The survival rate over the 120-day experimental period was 96%. Results showed no evidence of hybrid vigour (heterosis), and in fact significantly higher growth rates were observed in turbot. All three types of fish grew faster at the higher environmental temperature due mainly to a much improved appetite, but also perhaps due to an increase in the food conversion efficiency. Malpigmented turbot appeared particularly well suited to the conditions associated with intensive culture and exhibited the highest growth rates at both 10 and 14°C. For malpigmented turbot at 14°C the mean growth rate was 2.17% per day. 相似文献