亚热带水库浮游植物群落结构季节演替及其春季水华成因分析——以浙江汤浦水库为例

为了研究汤浦水库浮游植物群落结构季节演替及水质状况,于2010年5、8、11月及2011年2月连续4个季节分别对其浮游植物、水文特征和理化因子进行调查分析.结果表明,浮游植物有7门、58属、105种,主要由绿藻、硅藻和蓝藻组成,其物种数季节变化为:夏＞秋＞冬＞春.各样点物种数呈现出由河流区向湖泊区递减的变化趋势.浮游植物丰度变幅较大,在3.27×106～128.90×106个/L,其中冬季丰度最低,春季最高.春季浮游植物主要由硅藻和蓝藻组成,夏季主要由蓝藻和绿藻组成,秋季为隐藻和硅藻,冬季主要由硅藻组成.浮游植物丰度及其多样性指数均表明春季水质最差,且暴发藻类水华,其中微型硅藻链状弯壳藻(Achnanthidium catenatum)为春季水华的绝对优势种.水华暴发可能受降水、水库调度、营养盐等因素的综合影响所致.     

贵州龙滩水库鱼粪回收环保网箱养殖区域浮游生物调查

浮游植物种类的组成有明显的季节性,而且浮游植物种类的组成与水体营养状况有关。不同的浮游植物种类的组成变化能反映水体环境梯度的变化。富营养化水体以蓝藻和裸藻为主,但是林氏藻、微囊藻、湖丝藻和鱼腥藻都是富营养化水体的藻类,这些藻类都能够形成水华,对水质的恶化有显著的推动作用。     

横山水库浮游植物群落结构季节性变化特征

分析了2010-2011年不同季节横山水库浮游植物群落结构的变化特征.结果表明,4个季节共采集到90种(属)浮游植物,蓝藻和硅藻在横山水库浮游植物季节性演替中的作用非常重要.在太湖流域首次发现拟柱胞藻(Cylindrospermopsis sp.),夏季在水库成为优势种并引起水华,密度达到1.01×108个/L.富营养化日趋严重的横山水库为拟柱胞藻水华奠定了基础.作为生态入侵种,拟柱胞藻可以产生毒素,危害生态系统和人体健康.应加强监测和流域综合管理,防止拟柱胞藻水华扩散到流域内其它大型水库.     

中华绒螯蟹土池育苗过程中浮游生物群落演替过程及其影响因素

浮游生物在水体生态系统中具有重要功能,其群落结构能影响养殖苗种的健康和产量。但当前尚不清楚它们在中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)育苗池的演替变化及其影响因素。本研究在原位条件下调查了中华绒螯蟹土池育苗过程中水质参数和浮游动植物群落的演替过程,结果发现营养盐总体在养殖后期高于养殖前期。浮游植物检出16种,其中硅藻门种类最多(9种),密度为8.27×10⁸～4.96×10⁹ ind/L,多样性指数总体随养殖过程呈下降趋势。浮游动物检出11种,密度为2.65×10⁵～4.78×10⁷ ind/L,多样性指数整体养殖后期高于前期。浮游植物优势种为球等边金藻(Isochrysis galbana)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)、海洋卡盾藻(Chattonella marina)、长菱形藻(Nitzschia longissimi)、海洋舟形藻(Navicula marina),浮游动物优势种为矮小拟铃虫(T...     

亚热带水库浮游植物群落结构季节演替及其春季水华分析——以浙江汤浦水库为例

汤浦水库位于浙江省曹娥江支流的小舜江流域,是绍虞平原区域性供水专用水源地。为了研究其浮游植物群落结构季节演替及其水质状况,于2010年5、8、11月及次年2月连续四个季节分别对其浮游植物、水文特征和理化因子进行调查分析。共鉴定到浮游植物7门58属105种,主要由绿藻、硅藻和蓝藻组成。浮游植物物种数季节变化为：夏>秋>冬>春。各样点物种数呈现出由库尾至取水口递减的变化趋势。浮游植物丰度变幅较大,在3.27×106~128.90×106 Cells /L之间,其中冬季丰度最低,春季最高。春季浮游植物主要由硅藻和蓝藻组成,夏季主要由蓝藻和绿藻组成,秋季为隐藻和硅藻,冬季主要由硅藻组成。浮游植物丰度及其多样性指数均表明春季水质最差,且暴发藻类水华,其中微型硅藻链状弯壳藻(Achnanthidium catenatum)为春季水华的绝对优势种。此次水华暴发可能受降水、水库调度、营养盐等因素的综合影响所致。     

三种渔肥对池塘水质和浮游生物的影响

为优选出安全、高效的渔肥,试验研究了有机肥、生物肥和化肥三种渔肥对池塘水质和浮游生物的影响。结果表明:与有机肥和化肥比,生物肥能稳定水体pH值,明显增加水体溶氧,显著降解水体总无机氮(TIN)的含量(P0.05);三种渔肥都能使水体中浮游生物的生物量增加,生物肥优于有机肥优于化肥,但之间差异不显著(P0.05);有机肥组和化肥组水体中浮游植物的优势种类没有发生变化,还是以蓝藻、绿藻和隐藻为主;而生物肥组水体中的隐藻和硅藻所占的比例增加,隐藻占绝对优势,浮游植物的种类以隐藻、绿藻和蓝藻为主,有效地降低了蓝藻的比例;三种渔肥浮游动物种类的变化不明显。     

太子河辽阳城区段浮游生物群落结构调查

于2021年1—12月对太子河辽阳城区段浮游生物群落结构进行了调查，评价了其水质状况。结果表明，调查共采集到浮游植物7门53属110种，其中硅藻门59种，绿藻门32种，蓝藻门8种，甲藻门4种，隐藻门和裸藻门各3种，金藻门1种；浮游动物4个门类25属36种，其中轮虫类23种，原生动物7种，枝角类和桡足类各3种。浮游植物密度为4.70×10⁴～2.68×10⁶ind./L，均值为5.35×10⁵ind./L。浮游动物密度为1.0～280.0 ind./L，均值为33.5 ind./L。指出，太子河辽阳城区段水体处于中污染状态。     

鱼腥藻毒素及其检测、去除方法研究进展

水体富营养化加剧而引起有害藻类水华的频繁发生已经成为相关研究者普遍关注的环境问题。鱼腥藻毒素被划分为鱼腥藻毒素a、鱼腥藻类毒素同系物a、高鱼腥藻毒素a、鱼腥藻毒素a(s)以及antx3/b、antx-b(s)。综述了鱼腥藻毒素的化学结构和化学特性,并从食品生物安全的角度综述了其检测及去除方法。     

安邦河湿地夏季浮游植物集群划分

2005年夏季对安邦河湿地进行浮游植物调查,运用多元分析方法对其组成、分布、群落进行了研究。共采到浮游植物7门82种,其中绿藻44种,蓝藻19种,硅藻12种,其它7种;浮游植物数量为268.45×104ind.L-1,优势种共6种,其中蓝藻3种,硅藻2种,绿藻1种。多元分析表明,夏季安邦河湿地浮游植物可划分为3个集群:核心区的四角盘星藻Pediastrungolaum tetras集群(PPP)、沿岸的鱼腥藻Anabaena sp.-铜绿微囊藻Microcystis aeruginosa-梅尼小环藻Cyclotella meneghiniana集群(AMC)和莲花池的银灰平裂藻Merismopedia glauca集群(MMM)。各集群的指示种反映了各集群营养水平的差异,与各站位的地理位置相关。     

洱海浮游植物群落结构及季节演替

2011年4月至2012年3月对洱海浮游植物群落结构及季节演替进行了周年调查.结果表明,洱海常见浮游植物有7门、80属、115种;其中,蓝藻门24种,硅藻门16种,绿藻门65种,金藻门和隐藻门各2种,甲藻门和裸藻门各3种.春季以钝脆杆藻(Fragilaria capucina)、直链藻(Melosira sp.)、尖尾蓝隐藻(Chroomonas acuta)为优势种;夏季以直链藻、小环藻(Cyclotella sp.)、转板藻(Mougeotia sp.)、尖尾蓝隐藻、惠氏微囊藻(Microcystis wesenbergii)、乌龙藻(Woronichinia sp.)为优势种;秋季以乌龙藻、游丝藻(Planctonema lauterbornii)为优势种;冬季以游丝藻、水华束丝藻(Aphanizonmenon flos-aquae)、钝脆杆藻为优势种;浮游植物生物量的季节变化表现为秋季最高、夏冬季次之、春季低,最高值出现在11月,达5 899.17×104个/L,最低值出现在2月,为339.21×104个/L.与历史资料相比,近年来洱海浮游植物生物量呈上升趋势,多样性指数降低,蓝藻水华优势种由鱼腥藻转变为微囊藻和乌龙藻,绿藻门细胞数量占浮游植物细胞总数量的比例持续增加.     

Fish assemblage associations and thresholds with existing and projected oil and gas development

Energy development threatens fish and wildlife resources worldwide. This study used constrained ordinations to show fish assemblage structure associated with oil and gas well densities in the Colorado River Basin, Wyoming, but well densities explained only 6.4% of assemblage structure when compared to other factors. Threshold Indicator Taxonomic ANalysis showed significant negative threshold responses by some species to small levels of development (<0.15 wells km^?2), whereas positive thresholds were less distinct. Some native and imperilled species could be disproportionately affected if future oil and gas development proceeds in a manner that will impact aquatic resources. Although existing development has not substantially influenced regional fish assemblage structure, it appears to affect a subset of species. Understanding assemblage‐level responses to development can help land managers determine appropriate development levels, prioritise areas for monitoring associated with future development and identify where land protection measures may be needed to offset potential risks.     

Achieving sustainable aquaculture: Historical and current perspectives and future needs and challenges

Important operational changes that have gradually been assimilated and new approaches that are developing as part of the movement toward sustainable intensive aquaculture production systems are presented via historical, current, and future perspectives. Improved environmental and economic sustainability based on increased efficiency of production continues to be realized. As a result, aquaculture continues to reduce its carbon footprint through reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Reduced use of freshwater and land resources per unit of production, improved feed management practices as well as increased knowledge of nutrient requirements, effective feed ingredients and additives, domestication of species, and new farming practices are now being applied or evaluated. Successful expansion into culture of marine species, both off and on shore, offers the potential of substantial increases in sustainable intensive aquaculture production combined with integrative efforts to increase efficiency will principally contribute to satisfying the increasing global demand for protein and food security needs.     

Gar biology and culture: status and prospects

Many lepisosteid populations in North America have declined and many are now threatened as a consequence of habitat loss and alteration and commercial and sport overfishing. Over the last two decades, morphological, histological and molecular studies allowed distinguishing between different phases of development and the nutritional condition of larvae. Ontogeny of the digestive enzymes of gar larvae indicated the possibility to feed them artificial feeds since early developmental stages. An in vitro digestibility system to test different feed ingredients has been used. Important characteristics of artificial diets were identified through different feeding experiments. Endocrinological studies showed the feasibility of altering larval development and the digestive capacity of larvae. Cloning of gar growth hormone opened new avenues to enhance growth in the gars. Plasmatic vitellogenin was isolated and purified, to develop a competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, which allowed the straightforward separation of males from females to establish appropriate proportions for reproduction and also was used to evaluate hormonal protocols to induce gonad recrudescence and spawning. This review analyzes the biology, ecology and physiology of different gar species as a basis for their domestication, mass production of larvae for repopulation experiments and for the culture of commercial‐size gar.     

奶牛酮病发病机理研究进展

结合国内外目前研究状况较为详细的综述了奶牛酮病的病因与发病机理,并分析了奶牛酮病发生的生化机制。旨在对临床实践中很好的认识诊断和群体监控奶牛酮病提供较为系统的理论依据,保证奶牛群的高产和稳产,从而创造良好的经济效益。     

添加植酸酶日粮不同磷水平和钙磷比对生长肥育猪血液生化指标和骨骼性能的影响

本试验利用饲养试验方法,研究玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加植酸酶时不同磷水平和钙磷比对生长肥育猪血清指标和骨骼性能的影响。试验选用162头20kg左右的杜长大三元杂交猪进行2×3(磷水平×钙磷比)因子饲养试验,试验分2个阶段进行,前期为生长期体重在20-60kg,后期为肥育期体重为为60-100kg。结果表明:添加植酸酶日粮磷水平对血清磷含量和碱性磷酸酶的活性影响显著(P<0.05);钙磷比对血清钙和血清磷含量的影响显著(P<0.05);添加植酸酶日粮磷水平和钙磷比对生长肥育猪骨骼性能的影响不显著(P>0.05)。在添加植酸酶条件下,降低日粮磷水平不影响猪的正常生长发育。     

温度与盐度对老年低额蚤和蚤状蚤生长及生殖的影响_

温度与盐度对老年低额蚤和蚤状蚤生长及生殖的影响王丹丽，李明云，杨天勇，胡章（宁波大学，３１５０１０）关键词老年低额　，蚤状　，温度，盐度，生长，生殖ＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＦＴＥＭＰＥＲＡＴＵＲＥＡＮＤＳＡＬＩＮＩＴＹＯＮＧＲＯＷＴＨＡＮＤＲＥＰＲＯＤＵＣＴ...     

Esophagoscopy and gastroscopy in dogs and cats. Technics and indications

A report is presented of esophagoscopy and gastroscopy in cats and dogs using flexible endoscopes. Following consideration of the basic equipment, an account is given of patient preparation and anesthesia, topography, investigation technique and normal findings. Diagnostic potential, indications and risks involved are discussed.     

中国鲟鱼的保护、管理与产业化

1　世界现存鲟鱼的种类和资源鲟鱼是一类起源早、具有重要科学研究价值和极高经济价值的稀有物种 ,多数种类个体大 ,半数种为溯河洄游产卵鱼类。按目前较为公认的分类系统 ,现存鲟鱼类有 2科 6属 2 7个种 ,隶属于硬骨鱼纲、软骨硬鳞总目、鲟形目 (Acipenseriformes) ,其中鲟属有 17个种 ,主要经济种类在其中。它们全部分布于北半球 ,现存 9个自然分布区为 :太平洋东岸、北美大湖地区、大西洋西北部、北美密西西比河流域和墨西哥湾、大西洋东北部、里海地区、西伯利亚及北冰洋流域、黑龙江和日本海、长江和珠江。鲟鱼自然种群资源稀少 ,在过…     

加快城乡统筹，推进我国农垦体制创新与经济发展的研究与思考

“十一五”以来，我国农垦加快体制机制改革、结构调整和经济增长方式的转变的步伐，参与市场竞争，努力提升企业和产品竞争力，经济社会事业发展较快，对国家的贡献提升，职工收入、生活质量明显提高和改善，示范引领作用不断增强。本文针对农垦体制机制创新进展滞缓，战略定位与发展方向不明，经济增长方式转变和结构调整缺乏资本、人才、技术的支撑，没有处理好改革、发展、稳定、民生的关系，投资匮乏，发展后劲不足，人才短缺和劳动力素质低下的现状，提出在未来农垦体制机制创新中要特别关注改革方向、目标设定与评估，改革要在现行法律法规的框架内运作，改革时机的选择，处理好改革发展稳定与民生的关系，调整好内部利益分配关系，自觉融入区域经济，与地方协同发展等问题。为了促进农垦的发展，建议国家加大对农垦体制机制创新、现代农业建设、国有农场土地资源的保护、社会保障体系的完善等财政和政策的支持力度。     

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin in goldfish and masu salmon

Reproductive activities in vertebrates are regulated by an endocrine system, consisting of the brain-pituitary-gonad axis. In teleosts, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the brain stimulates gonadotropin (GTH) release in the pituitary gland, but because of lack of the portal vessel, it is not known when and how much GnRH is released for the regulation of GTH release. There are multiple molecular types of GnRH in teleosts and several distinct populations of GnRH neurons in the brain. However, we do not know which types and populations of GnRH neurons regulate reproductive activities. Here we summarize our recent studies on GnRH and GTH in masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou and goldfish Carassius auratus. Immunocytochemistry showed the location and molecular types of GnRH neurons. Salmon (sGnRH) and chicken-II GnRH (cGnRH-II) neuronal fibers were widely distributed in the brain of both masu salmon and goldfish. Only sGnRH fibers were observed in the pituitary of masu salmon, whereas both sGnRH and cGnRH-II fibers were observed in the goldfish pituitary, indicating that species specific GnRH profiles are involved in the regulation of pituitary function in teleosts. A series of experiments in masu salmon and goldfish suggest that among GnRH neuron populations GnRH neurons in the ventral telencephalon and the hypothalamus regulate GTH release, and that GnRH of the terminal nerve origin is not essential to gonadal maturation and ovulation. The biological function of other GnRH neurons remains unkown. Two GTHs appear to be characteristic of teleost; however, regulation of reproduction by these GTHs is a question that remains to be elucidated. In salmonid species, it is proposed that GTH I stimulates early gonadal development, whereas GTH II acts in later stages. When GTH expression was examined in goldfish, both GTH I and II mRNA levels in the pituitary gland showed increases in accordance with gonadal development, unlike the sequential expression of GTH subunits in salmonids. The expression of these GTH subunit mRNAs were affected by water temperature, starvation, and steroid hormones in goldfish, but in what manner these two GTHs regulate gonadal development remains to be clarified.