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1.
鱼类早期生活史一般可划分为胚胎期、仔鱼期和稚鱼期;但在鱼类早期生活史划分中,由于研究目的、研究方法、研究对象以及研究重点等方面的差异,对鱼类早期生活史发育时期的划分上存在着许多不同的观点,本文就这些不同的观点进行简要地阐述.  相似文献   

2.
长江口沿岸碎波带三种暖水性鱼类仔鱼的出现   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
2006年6~10月,按月在长江口沿岸碎波带设置的13个采样点,用小型拖网进行仔稚鱼多样性调查时,采集到遮目鱼仔鱼1 ind、海鲢仔鱼40 ind、大海鲢仔鱼144 ind,这是在长江口水域首次发现遮目鱼仔鱼和海鲢的仔鱼。本文详细描述了该三种暖水性鱼类仔鱼的形态特征,探讨了其水平分布与环境因子的关系,提出了长江口附近水域存在产卵场的可能性,为该三种暖水性鱼类早期生活史中的地理分布以及生态习性提供科学依据。  相似文献   

3.
<正> 一、前言前颌间银鱼 Hemisalanx prognathusRegan 隶属银鱼科、间银鱼属,历来是长江口的主要经济鱼类之一,最高年产量曾达944.6吨(1960年),60年代后期以来资源显著下降,至今在长江口已不成渔汛。为探讨其资源下降原因,对早期生活史的研究至关重要,仔鱼形态特征的研究,又为研究其早期生活史的必要内容。  相似文献   

4.
鱼类耳石研究和应用进展   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
廖锐  区又君 《南方水产》2008,4(1):69-75
鱼类耳石研究是鱼类生长和早期生活史研究的基础。文章阐述了鱼类耳石形态的研究方法及其在鱼类种类识别中的应用、耳石微结构在鱼类年龄鉴定、早期生长研究、产卵期、孵化期和产卵场的推算以及早期生活史中特殊事件的研究等方面的进展,探讨了耳石研究的存在问题并提出了进一步研究的建议。  相似文献   

5.
匙吻鲟仔鱼期饵料的研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
鱼类早期生长的细微差别对其存活以及整个生活史阶段的生长,有着不可估量的影响,而摄食是影响仔鱼期生长的最重要的外界影响因子之一。在水温19.5~20.5℃下,对匙吻鲟(Polyodon spathula)仔鱼的开口时间、适宜开口饵料和投饵率进行了研究。结果表明,匙吻鲟仔鱼在6日龄初次摄食,摄食率在7—8日龄迅速升高,9—10日龄达到100%,11-13日龄略有降低,14-15日龄迅速降低,不可逆点(PNR期)出现在15日龄;以轮虫作为开口饵料,仔鱼的存活率和生长优于丰年虫和颗粒饲料组;养殖水体中轮虫密度在120—150个/mL可满足仔鱼的生长需求。  相似文献   

6.
鱼类早期发育阶段是其生活史中的关键时期之一,生理、形态学变化剧烈,死亡率极高。研究鱼类早期发育阶段的生长规律及其生理特性,可为了解鱼类早期阶段的致死因子提供理论依据,有助于提高苗种阶段的生长率和成活率,也对制定合理的早期培育策略具有重要的指导意义。异速生长模式对确定仔鱼的养殖模式有重要的指示作用,鱼类在早期阶段会优先发育与生命活动关系较密切的器官,以期达到较高的早期成活率。RNA/DNA是评价鱼类早期发育阶段生长率的有效指标,也可用于评价仔稚鱼的生长潜力、营养状况、饲料营养水平以及确定关键期。研究仔稚鱼消化酶的发生和演变有助于深入了解鱼类在个体发育早期的消化生理,有助于选择适口饵料和制定投喂策略。因此,本文综述了鱼类早期发育阶段的异速生长模式、核酸及蛋白含量变化规律以及消化酶的发生和变化,为鱼类早期阶段健康养殖的发展提供依据。  相似文献   

7.
黄伟  曹亮  窦硕增 《水产学报》2016,40(8):1272-1288
鱼类早期生活阶段对外界环境极为敏感,即使低浓度的污染物暴露也可能对其胚胎发育、仔鱼生长存活造成损害,导致种群数量和质量的降低。研究污染物对鱼类早期生活阶段的毒理效应和机制是揭示污染物对生物种群和水生生态系统潜在风险的有效途径。重金属对鱼类的影响在精、卵发生时即可显现。例如,抑制卵(精)母细胞成熟和精子活力降低,使受精率降低;影响受精卵吸水膨胀过程,改变胚胎发育速率、引起胚胎畸形、影响胚胎心率、改变孵化时间、降低孵化率;影响初孵仔鱼体长、造成仔鱼畸形、影响卵黄囊吸收和胚后仔鱼发育生长、摄食行为等。重金属对鱼类早期发育阶段的毒性效应主要取决于金属种类、暴露浓度和受试鱼种及其发育阶段。此外,外界环境条件等因素也会对重金属的毒性产生显著影响。本研究综合分析国内外关于重金属污染物对鱼类精卵、胚胎、仔鱼等早期发育过程生态毒理效应的研究进展,并结合相关报道阐述了其毒性机制。  相似文献   

8.
鲻的生殖     
鱼类生态学家认为,研究鱼类种群动力学时,生殖是个重要因素。当今鱼类养殖学家,对于海产鱼类人工繁殖发生极大兴趣,尤其鲻的繁殖。本文试图对世界范围鲻的生殖生物学研究主要成果,结合笔者的研究实践,对于鲻的性别比例、首次性成熟、成熟期、产卵和早期生活史作一述评。  相似文献   

9.
为丰富长薄鳅(Leptobotia elongata)早期生活史资料,开展了延迟投喂对长薄鳅仔鱼形态、初次摄食率、不可逆点、生长率和死亡率的影响研究。结果显示:饥饿仔鱼鱼体消瘦、头大、尾小、身体显得不匀称,器官发育停止,游动缓慢;日龄2 d 时,初次摄食率达到60%,日龄3 d 时达到了100%,不可逆点出现在15~16 d,可恢复性饥饿时间长达13 d;饥饿仔鱼体长基本维持不变,甚至出现负增长;饥饿仔鱼的死亡率高峰出现在15~16 d,与不可逆点在同一天,当天死亡率达到45.92%,瞬时死亡率为32.91%。  相似文献   

10.
重金属离子铜对鱼类早期发育阶段的毒性   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
文章综述了重金属离子铜(Cu^2+)对鱼类早期发育阶段的毒性影响。高剂量的Cu^2+可造成鱼类胚胎孵化率降低和畸形率增加,对于仔鱼、稚鱼和幼鱼也有较大毒性作用,严重者可致死。文章分析了Cu^2+对各种鱼类早期发育阶段的半致死浓度和安全浓度,探讨了铜和其他重金属等毒物对鱼类的联合毒性作用,对渔业水质监测和渔药的使用等提出建议。  相似文献   

11.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

12.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
14.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

15.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

16.
17.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

18.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

19.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

20.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

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