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1.
东海区头足类群聚空间分布特征的初步研究   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4  
根据2000年东海区(27°00′~34°00′N、127°00′E以西海域)150 m等深线以浅4个季节的底拖网监测调查资料,运用聚类分析和非度量多维标度(NMDS)的方法分析东海区头足类群聚的空间分布特征,并且探讨各个群聚类型的指示种类以及头足类群聚分布与环境的关系。头足类主要种类为剑尖枪乌贼(Loligo edulis)、太平洋褶柔鱼(Todarodes paci-ficus)、金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)等。多元分析结果显示,各季节头足类群聚类型不同。根据各群聚类型分布的海域大致可以将其划分为黄海南部-东海外海-东海中南部群聚、长江口外海域群聚和东海北部海域群聚3种群聚类型。它们的空间分布区域随着季节的不同而发生变化,群聚类型的分布区域也会相互交错。各季节不同群聚类型的种类组成不同,多数种类一般同时出现于不同的类群中,有的种类在所有群聚类型中都有分布。它们的空间分布也是交错的,只是相对集中的区域有所不同,在不同群聚类型中的渔获率和出现频率不同。头足类各群聚类型种类组成的季节差异较明显,各群聚类型中相对稳定的主要特征种类较少。调查海域中影响头足类种类空间分布特征的主要环境因子为水温,而水深等环境因素的影响并不明显  相似文献   

2.
东海发光鲷生物量分布及其与环境的关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
江胜锋  程家骅 《海洋渔业》2007,29(3):221-225
根据2005年12月~2006年11月东海(27°00′~34°00′N、122°00′~127°00′E)底拖网资源调查资料,分析了东海发光鲷的生物量的分布特征以及与环境条件的关系。结果表明:春、秋季发光鲷主要分布在东海南部外海,生物量较高;夏季分布较广,以东海北部外海为主,生物量较低;冬季分布较为集中,以东海南部外海为主。夏季发光鲷的生物量与温度、盐度以及水深的关系的曲线拟合显示,夏、秋季发光鲷主要分布于24℃左右的水温,最适盐度在33左右,最适水深在75 m左右。  相似文献   

3.
闽江口及其附近海域鱼类群聚结构特征的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文报道了闽江口及其附近海域鱼类群聚特征值的时间和区域变化结果。其中S、H_((I))、H_((B))、J_((I))、J_((B))和d值随着月令推移逐月上升;而C_((I))和C_((B))则呈相反的趋势。但其区域差别(闽江口以南和以北)不明显。本海域的种类多样性指数(H_((B)))低于南海北部大陆架和东海深海等海域而与福建省其它类似的沿岸海域很相近。经相关系数显著性检验,J_((B))与J_((I))两者相关不显著;而H_((B))与H_((I))、C_((B))与C_((I))呈极显著相关。鱼类群聚结构特征的研究是鱼类生态学研究领域的重要组成部分,对渔业生产和资源管理等均有重要意义。我国在鱼类群聚结构方面的研究,已见报道的有广东鱼塭纳苗群聚、北部湾底层鱼类群聚、南海北部大陆架、浙江北部岛礁周围海域、东海深海和闽南—台湾浅滩渔场底层鱼类和中上层鱼类群聚的研究,本文报道闽江口及其附近海域鱼类群聚结构几个特征值的时间、空间变化以及它们之间的相互关系,并探讨了群聚诸特征值与环境因子和优势种的关系,供渔业生产和管理部门以及鱼类生态学研究等参考。  相似文献   

4.
闽东沿岸海域鱼类群聚结构特征的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
种类组成和种类多样性指数是反映生物群聚结构的重要特征值.目前种类多样性指数己在许多领域中得到应用,但在渔业上的应用则不多,起步也较其它领域晚.我国运用种类多样性指数对鱼类群聚结构特征的研究,最早见于六十年代费鸿年教授对广东鱼媪纳苗群聚的形态变化和南海北部(北部湾)底层鱼类群聚的研究.近十几年来,这方面的研究有所进展,已见的报道有南海北部大陆架、东海深海,浙江北部岛礁周围海域和闽南——台湾浅滩渔场等底层鱼类和中上层鱼类群聚的研究结果.  相似文献   

5.
东海区七星底灯鱼数量分布以及与温盐度的关系   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
本文利用从2000年12月到2001年9月一个周年的渔业资源调查数据,对东海区七星底灯鱼的数量分布及其与温盐度的关系进行了研究。结果表明:东海区的七星底灯鱼可分为东海北部和浙江中南部近海2个群体。以东海北部群体较大,主要分布在30°N以北的海域;浙江中南部近海群体较小,且只有零星分布。七星底灯鱼在东海北部海域从沿岸到外海都有分布,但沿岸数量较少,主要分布在30°30′~32°30′N、124°00′~126°30′E之间的海域;以冬春季节分布面较广,夏秋季节的分布面较窄。东海北部群七星底灯鱼栖息海域的表层温度值变化较大,以春季最低,秋季最高;密集分布区的等温线变化范围在1~2℃左右。浙江中南部近海群的栖息水温变化较小,全年都在20℃以上。各季节浙江中南部近海群的适宜水温均高于东海北部群。各季节东海北部群密集分布区的表层盐度在32.0~34.5之间,以冬春季的盐度值较高,夏秋季的盐度值较低;浙江中南部近海群的栖息海域表层盐度除冬季较高外,其余季节相对较低。  相似文献   

6.
东海高营养层次鱼类功能群及其主要种类   总被引:11,自引:5,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
在2000年秋季和2001年春季东海120°~126.75°N、25.75°~31°E范围内的两次大面积调查基础上,以占渔获量90%的鱼类为研究对象,分析东海春、秋两季2个鱼类群落的功能群。结果表明,东海高营养层次鱼类群落包括7个功能群,即鱼食性鱼类、虾/鱼食性鱼类、虾食性鱼类、虾蟹食性鱼类、底栖动物食性鱼类、浮游动物食性鱼类和广食性鱼类。其中东海近海春季鱼类种群由浮游动物食性鱼类、底栖动物食性鱼类、鱼食性鱼类和虾食性鱼类4个功能群组成,秋季鱼类种群由虾/鱼食性鱼类、虾食性鱼类、广食性鱼类、虾蟹食性鱼类、鱼食性鱼类和浮游动物食性鱼类6个功能群组成;东海外海春季鱼类种群由鱼食性鱼类、底栖动物食性鱼类、浮游动物食性鱼类和虾食性鱼类4个功能群组成,秋季鱼类种群由浮游动物食性鱼类、虾/鱼食性鱼类、鱼食性鱼类、虾食性鱼类和底栖动物食性鱼类5个功能群组成。从生物量组成上分析,在各鱼类群落中发挥主要作用的功能群不同,春季东海鱼类群落以浮游动物食性鱼类功能群为主,而秋季以鱼食性鱼类功能群为主。其中带鱼、白姑鱼、六丝矛尾■虎鱼、多棘腔吻鳕、龙头鱼、小黄鱼、细条天竺鱼、发光鲷、、花斑蛇鲻、短鳍红娘鱼、竹荚鱼、条尾绯鲤、黄鳍马面、黄条等15种鱼为各功能群的主要种类。群落种类组成的差异,同种类体长分布的差异,以及饵料基础的时空变化是导致东海各鱼类群落功能群组成差异的主要原因。  相似文献   

7.
东海太平洋褶柔鱼的数量分布及其与环境的关系   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
李建生  严利平 《海洋渔业》2004,26(3):193-198
利用1997~2000年在东海4个季节的拖网以及温盐度调查资料,分析了东海太平洋褶柔鱼的数量分布及其与环境条件的关系。结果表明:东海太平洋褶柔鱼分布水深在40~175m,集中分布水深范围在80~150m。春、夏、秋三个季节的平均资源密度最高值都出现在北部外海,冬季的平均资源密度最高值转移到南部外海。四季都有生殖群体的存在,从春季到冬季,生殖群体的重心位置由北部外海向南部外海转移。四季生活海域的表层水温为13.63~28.38℃,生物量高区的表层水温为22~26℃;表层盐度为27.72~34.72,集中分布海域的盐度为32.5~34.7。因此,东海太平洋褶柔鱼属于暖水性外海高温高盐种。  相似文献   

8.
南海北部海域重要经济鱼类资源声学评估   总被引:10,自引:3,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
根据1997年12月至1999年6月利用“北斗”号调查船的SimradEK500回声探测-积分系统在南海北部海域获取的渔业资源调查资料,运用渔业资源声学评估方法对该海域的带鱼科(Trichiuridae)鱼类、蓝圆(Decapterusmaruadsi)、竹鱼(Trachurusjaponicus)、金线鱼科(Nemipterus)鱼类以及大眼鲷科(Priacanthidae)鱼类等5类23种经济鱼类进行了评估与分析。结果表明,在南海北部海域带鱼科、蓝圆、竹鱼、金线鱼科和大眼鲷科的资源量分别为50.4×104t、16.3×104t、10.4×104t、9.8×104t和9.2×104t,其中带鱼科的资源量密度以冬季和粤西海域最高,蓝圆和竹鱼的资源量密度都以秋季和粤东海域最高,但竹鱼的资源量密度秋季明显高于其他季节。金线鱼科秋季在112°30′~116°E珠江口近海海域自西南到东北出现高度密集分布带,大眼鲷科在南海北部海域的分布较广泛,没有出现明显的高度密集区。  相似文献   

9.
北部湾鱼类多样性及优势种的时空变化   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
根据2007年在北部湾进行的4季渔业资源底拖网调查资料,对该海域鱼类的种类组成、物种多样性和优势种的时空变化进行分析.本次调查共捕获鱼类323种,隶属于18目101科,以发光鲷(Acropoma japonicum)、黄斑M(Leiognathus bindus)、竹??鱼(Trachurus japonicus)、二长棘鲷(Parargyrops edita)和大头白姑鱼(Argyrosomusmacrocephalus)为主要优势种.分析结果表明,北部湾鱼类的优势种更替明显,总体趋势为k选择种类(以红笛鲷和黑印真鲨等为代表)被r选择种类(发光鲷、鲾科和天竺鱼科等为代表)所替代,即寿命长、个体大和营养级高的鱼类种类减少,寿命短、个体小和营养级较低的种类增多.鱼类的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)以共同渔区北部海域最高(3.60),东北部海域次之(3.58),共同渔区南部海域最低(2.35),四季多样性指数为2.96~3.77,平均3.31.2007年多样性指数比 1992-1993年低,但高于1998-1999年,表明近年来该海域捕捞压力有所减缓,使得渔业资源有一定的恢复.本研究旨在了解北部湾生物多样性和优势种的动态变化及演替状况,为该海域渔业资源的合理开发与可持续利用对策提供科学依据.  相似文献   

10.
东海中南部外海银方头鱼资源状况及开发前景   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
开发外海渔业资源是海洋捕捞业的发展方向。近几年来,外海银方头鱼资源日益受到人们的重视,本文根据福建省闽东渔场指挥部于1993年4月—1994年10月组织外海底刺网作业渔船对26°10′—29°40′N、121°20′—125°50′E、水深85—145米海域的调查,分析了东海中南部外海银方头鱼资源状况,并阐述了资源开发前景及意见。  相似文献   

11.
Elevated carbon dioxide concentrations reduce feed intake and growth in several fish species and induce stress responses. In this study, the effects of moderately elevated CO2 levels on performance, energy partitioning, swimming activity and stress response in European seabass were assessed. European seabass (140.0 g) were reared under two levels of CO2 (1.6 and 7.0 mg L?1) and two feeding levels (FLs) (maintenance and satiation) for 60 days, and fish swimming speed was recorded. At the end of the experiment, fish were subjected to an acute stress test. Blood cortisol, glucose and lactate were analysed. Energy and nitrogen balances were quantified based on measurements of body composition and digestibility coefficients. Moderately elevated chronic CO2 level did neither affect energy requirements for maintenance nor the utilization of digestible energy for growth. However, swimming activity data suggests that FL dependent alterations in energy partitioning took place. Blood cortisol values after the acute stress were affected by additional CO2 exposure and this effect was also dependent on FL. The elevated CO2 exposure of 7.0 mg L?1 appears to act as a chronic stressor as adaptive responses took place, however, this CO2 exposure seems to be still within the allostatic load of the fish.  相似文献   

12.
2019年5月、8月和11月,在上、中、下游共设5个采样点,采用单层刺网(网目1、2、3 cm,网长20、30、40 m)和地笼网(开口40 cm×40 cm,长8 m)调查新疆天山南麓中段塔里木河流域九大水系之一的渭干河(N 41°06′~42°42′,E 80°40′~84°10′)的鱼类资源状况。调查共采集鱼类1864尾,总质量47869.05 g,隶属3目6科15属19种。土著鱼类1目4属8种,其中鲤科鱼类3属5种,鳅科鱼类1属3种。外来鱼类3目11属11种,其中鲤科鱼类6属6种,鳅科、鲈科、塘鳢科、虾虎鱼科、鲇科各1属1种。8月捕获鱼类种类最多,共17种。5月捕获渔获物数量和质量最大,占总渔获物数量的38.41%,占总渔获物质量的64.12%。渭干河优势种为斑重唇鱼、、河鲈和麦穗鱼。渭干河上游、下游河段鱼类种类稀少,群落多样性低。与历史数据相比,扁嘴裂腹鱼和重唇裂腹鱼未采集到,其他土著鱼类捕获量低,外来鱼类捕获量大。通过聚类分析,将5个采样点鱼类分为2类,经过单因子相似性分析得出,这2个群聚之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。将渭干河4种优势种和8种常见种分为2类,经过单因子相似性分析得出,这2个群聚之间差异显著(P<0.05)。外来鱼类入侵和水利工程是影响渭干河鱼类群落的主要因子。  相似文献   

13.
Between 2007 and 2012, a variety of disease outbreaks most often characterized by skin disorders were observed among different species of freshwater fish in Poland. In most cases, the clinical signs included focally necrotized gills, necrotic skin lesions or ulcers. Internally, haemorrhages, oedematous kidney and abnormal spleen enlargement were generally noted. The disorders were accompanied by increased mortality. Most of the problems concerned cultured common carp Cyprinus carpio L. and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Fish have been examined from a number of these farms, and additionally, the wild and ornamental fish with similar clinical signs of diseases were also tested. Bacteria were isolated consistently from lesions and internal organs. They had characteristic orange-pigmented colonies which grew in pure culture or constituted 55–95% of total bacterial flora. One hundred and eighteen isolates were collected and biochemically identified as Shewanella putrefaciens group, and this was confirmed by sequencing. Challenge tests confirmed the pathogenicity of these bacteria. This is the first report characterizing and describing S. putrefaciens as a pathogen of different species of freshwater fish in Europe.  相似文献   

14.
ABSTRACT

The current practice of fish processing generates large amounts of by-products, which can account for up to three-quarters of the total fish weight. Despite the presence of several valuable components in the fish processing discards, the latter are usually dumped into landfills or at sea, having potentially harmful environmental effects or end up as low commercial value products (e.g., white fish meal). Still, fish processing by-products can be considered as an alternative raw material for the preparation of high-protein ingredients, especially for the production of food grade gelatin due to the presence of large amounts of collagen in fish skins, scales, and bones. Although fish gelatin is an alternative to the commercially available mammalian gelatins, its production on a large commercial scale has been hampered, mainly, due to the inferior quality characteristics compared to its mammalian counterparts. This review article summarizes and highlights the potential utilization of by-products generated during fish processing for gelatin extraction. Furthermore, several technical challenges and directions of ongoing research are discussed.  相似文献   

15.
16.
Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing food producing sectors in the world. The increase in the world population requires faster growth in aquaculture for better food availability and to overcome malnutrition. But this worldwide growth of aquaculture is overwhelmed by catastrophic fish diseases and spoilage during cultivation and preservation problems caused by pathogenic bacteria. Various remedies are available for food preservation and also from the bacterial diseases in the fish production. Due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance and adverse effects, an alternative to antibiotic is the need of the hour. The proteins such as bacteriocins, i.e. ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and possess antagonistic against closely related and other bacteria. These proteins are produced by most lineages of bacteria which are playing key roles in recognition and possess a cognate immunity system for self‐protection as well as host protection from infections. These proteins are potent immunomodulators with broad spectrum inhibition properties which are further used as novel therapeutic agents. In this review, we have tried to summarize the bacteriocins on the basis of their classifications, structural and functional attributes, mode of actions, bacteriocins isolated from fish and gut microbiota and presence of beneficiary bacteria in the fish gut. Further, this study highlighted where further research is a prerequisite to increase our basic understanding and search for novel bacteriocins to elucidate the proteins/peptides having antimicrobial properties for disease control in aquaculture as an alternative to antibiotics.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract  Substantial alterations to the legal controls over fish movements have been necessary to implement the Single European Market which came into force on 1 January 1993. This seeks to liberalize trade in fish and fish products whilst avoiding ecological damage, the spread of disease and the commercial damage this may cause. The new regime governing fish movements into and within the European Union under Directive 91/67/EEC, as implemented in England and Wales, is described. Remaining national provisions based on ecological concerns (principally, section 30 of the Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries Act 1975) are examined. Derogations from the principle of freedom of trade within the European Union on environmental protection grounds are assessed, and the interaction between legal restrictions based on pathological and ecological grounds is discussed.  相似文献   

18.
The effect of single and double freezing at ?20°C on fresh and aged red hake with two different holding times of the thawed fillets between the first and second freezing treatments was determined. In addition, twice-frozen fresh red hake was treated with two antioxidation systems to assess their effectiveness in reducing lipid oxidation. Fresh, untreated red hake at 0 time was used for comparison. Significant dimethylamine (DMA) production occurred with all frozen samples, and the differences were not marked after 7-month storage. With a storage time of 3 months, however, there were differences between the treatments in both the fresh and aged samples with the once-frozen sample producing the least DMA, the twice-frozen sample with the 24-h holding time between freezings the most, and the twice-frozen sample with a 6-h holding time between freezings giving intermediate values. All samples showed a greater than 50% loss in protein solubility as determined by lithium chloride extraction after 3 months of storage, and the protein solubility declined further when samples were tested at 7 months. Samples with the best (once-frozen fresh) and worst (twice-frozen with 24-h holding time between freezings of 5-day aged muscle) treatments had the highest thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) values. Both antioxidant treatments were effective in reducing TBARS development.  相似文献   

19.
Hydropower‐related damage to fish remains a great challenge, making objective monitoring of turbine‐related fish injury a necessity. The catch of fish at turbine outlets is currently realised by net fishing, but potential catch‐related injuries are largely unknown. Catch efficiency and fish‐friendliness in relation to fish handling, exposure time, floating debris and fish biomass of four fish recovery installations were assessed using seven species. Highly species‐specific lethal and sublethal effects were observed. Exposure time had the strongest effects on catch‐related damage, being up to 150‐fold increase after 12 hr compared to 1 hr. Up to 84% mortality occurred in the most sensitive species Thymallus thymallus L. Besides exposure time, higher current speed and biomass within the net resulted in greater fish damage. To minimise catch‐related effects, keeping emptying periods <1–2 hr and considering the effects of current speed, fish and debris biomass are crucial to increase data comparability among studies.  相似文献   

20.
淡水鱼在保温鱼箱中贮存期限的研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
沈月新  张钟兴  欧杰 《水产学报》1990,14(2):160-164
我国养殖淡水鱼类居世界首位。特别是近年来淡水鱼的产量迅速增长,淡水鱼从生产到流通上市过程中的保鲜问题日趋重要。以往淡水鱼的贮运除活鱼车运输外,大多采用传统的木桶、竹篰、蒲包等落后的包装容器,由于保温条件差,鱼体受挤压,鱼货容易腐败变质。保温鱼箱是近年来渔业生产上使用的新型包装容器,从目前使用于海水鱼的情况来看,它具有良好的保鲜效果。为了进一步开拓保温鱼箱在淡水鱼流通领域中的应用,我们选用了上海市水产供销公司研制的8B-3型塑料保温鱼箱,以养殖  相似文献   

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