花羔红点鲑和白斑红点鲑肌肉营养成分分析

测定了花羔红点鲑(Salvelinus malma)和白斑红点鲑(S.leucomaenis)的肌肉营养成分,并对其进行比较.结果显示:(1)花羔红点鲑肌肉的蛋白质含量、脂肪含量均显著高于白斑红点鲑(P＜0.05),而其灰分含量值则低于白斑红点鲑,但其差异并不显著(P＞0.05)；(2)花羔红点鲑在氨基酸总量、必需氨基...     

花羔红点鲑苗种运输技术要点

花羔红点鲑属鲑形目、鲑科、红点鲑属，是一种中小型冷水性的稀有珍贵鱼类，在淡水鱼类区系上属北极淡水类群。目前资源正逐渐枯竭，有濒危的趋势。现在我省已成功解决花羔红点鲑的全人工繁育，并且可以每年固定地向适宜养殖的地区供应苗种。由于花羔红点鲑在运输过程中易集群，同时许多养殖户缺乏花羔红点鲑苗种的运输经验，往往在运输过程中操作不当，经常出现运输成活率低及大批死亡的现象，     

不同年龄花羔红点鲑肌肉成分和血液指标的比较研究

对不同年龄花羔红点鲑(Salvelinus malma)肌肉成分和血液指标的分析结果表明,鱼体肌肉水分含量随年龄增长呈下降趋势,粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量呈逐渐升高趋势.不同年龄花羔红点鲑肌肉氨基酸种类完全相同,各种氨基酸含量在各龄鱼间均未见显著差异(P=>0.05);肌肉脂肪酸含量高,不同年龄花羔红点鲑肌肉脂肪酸除十八碳二烯酸中C18:3-γ含量差异不显著外(P>0.05).其他各脂肪酸含量均随年龄增长而呈显著增加趋势(P<0.05).研究发现,不同年龄花羔红点鲑血液生理生化指标中除红细胞渗透脆性、血清总蛋白、白蛋白和球蛋白含量无显著变化(P>0.05)外,其他各指标均有显著性差异(P<0.05).实验结果表明,与其他龄鱼相比较,4龄鱼营养价值较高.[中国水产科学,2009,16(1):113-119]     

细鳞鱼和花羔红点鲑在自然与人工养殖条件下繁殖习性的比较

细鳞鱼和花羔红点鲑均为我国鲑科冷水性鱼类中的优良品种,分别被列为国家和省级保护物种,均具有极高的保护和学术研究价值。由于人工环境条件的改变,2种鱼在自然和人工养殖条件下,繁殖习性方面表现出明显的差异。本文简要介绍了吉林省细鳞鱼原种与花羔红点鲑原种在自然栖息繁衍地和人工养殖条件下,在性成熟年龄、繁殖时间、怀卵量、胚胎发育等方面的比较情况。     

花羔红点鲑cDNA文库的构建

以花羔红点鲑为研究对象,从肝、肾和肌肉中提取总RNA,进一步纯化出mRNA,反转录成cD-NA,构建其cDNA文库,为进行遗传基因的研究奠定基础,同时挽救和保存濒危冷水性鱼类资源花羔红点鲑的遗传信息。     

鲑鳟鱼类养殖技术之三花羔红点鲑发眼卵长途运输技术

花羔红点鲑是原产于黑龙江省东南和吉林东部长白山区的野生鲑科红点鲑属鱼类,目前正在进行家化养殖试验,本文初步探讨了其发眼卵长途运输技术.     

花羔红点鲑鱼苗鱼种培育试验

正花羔红点鲑属鲑形目、鲑科、红点鲑属,是一群中小型冷水性的稀有珍贵鱼类,在淡水鱼类区系上属北极淡水类群。花羔红点鲑肉质鲜美、营养价值高,深受消费者欢迎。目前资源正逐渐枯竭,有濒危的趋势,现已被列为《中国东北地区珍稀濒危动物志》,亟待采取有效的措施加以保护和开发。花羔红点鲑在20世纪90年代末驯化并养殖成功。但仍然存在一定的问题,鱼苗成活率低、生长缓慢、鱼种死亡率高等,为解决这些问题,在     

野生花羔红点鲑人工繁育试验

花羔红点鲑(Salvelinus malma Walbaum)地方名花里羔子,又名多丽鲑,属鲑科、红点鲑属,在中国淡水鱼类区系分类中属北极淡水类群,是一群中小型陆封冷水性稀有鱼类,已被列入《中国东北地区珍稀濒危动物志》,是吉林鸭绿江上游国家级自然保护区重点保护的五种冷水鱼类(细鳞鱼、石川氏哲罗鱼、鸭绿江茴鱼、东北七鳃鳗、花羔红点鲑)之一,目前资源已近枯竭,亟待加以繁育和保护。吉林鸭绿江上游国家级自然保护区管理局为了挽救花     

花羔红点鲑无公害人工养殖技术

<正>花羔红点鲑(Salvelinus malma)以体侧分布红色的斑点而得名,俗称花里羔子鱼,属鲑形目、鲑科、红点鲑属。在我国仅分布于鸭绿江、图们江、绥芬河的上     

花羔红点鲑成鱼养殖模式的研究

花羔红点鲑Salvelinus malma（Walbaum）属于鲑科红点鲑属,在中国淡水鱼类区系分类中属北极淡水类群,是我国土著的名贵珍稀冷水性鱼类,已被列入《中国东北地区珍稀濒危动物志》。花羔红点鲑肉质好,经济价值高,深受消费者欢迎。一、材料和方法1.材料（1）试验鱼成鱼饲养用鱼来源于课题组培育的鱼种。（2）养殖用水山涧溪流水,周年水温变化在0℃～19℃,     

花糕红点鲑多态性微卫星筛选及鸭绿江种群遗传多样性分析

利用强壮红点鲑（Salvelinus confluentus）的微卫星筛选出适用于我国的珍稀濒危冷水性鱼类——花糕红点鲑（Salvelinus malma）的多态性引物,并分析其鸭绿江种群的遗传多样性。结果显示,在强壮红点鲑的10个微卫星引物中有5个在花糕红点鲑群体中具有多态性,鸭绿江种群的等位基因数（N）a为6~22（平均15）,杂合度（H）为0.4063~0.9333（平均0.7851）,多态信息含量（PIC）为0.7164~0.9198（平均0.8536）。强壮红点鲑微卫星引物在花糕红点鲑中具有很好的通用性,花糕红点鲑的鸭绿江种群具有较高的遗传多样性水平。本研究结果为我国花糕红点鲑种质资源保护和管理提供遗传学理论依据。     

Integration of ecology,demography and genetics to reveal population structure and persistence: a mini review and case study of stream‐dwelling Dolly Varden

Abstract – Spatial structures can drive population dynamics and persistence. The roles of space and dispersal on dynamics, however, remain largely unknown in wild populations, mainly because of the difficulty in extensive/intensive field surveys at multiple locations. Here, I integrate results of ecological, demographic and genetic studies to elucidate detailed population structure and to identify the mechanisms of population persistence in a stream fish. Spatial structures, such as habitat size and connectivity, are particularly important in river and freshwater networks because such ecosystems are highly vulnerable to human activities. These issues are explored by examining results from a decadal research on the stream‐dwelling Dolly Varden charr in the Sorachi River basin, Japan. More than 100 local habitats (i.e. tributaries) were examined for spatial structure of populations by, such as, species presence, population census, redd counts, analysis of population synchrony and microsatellite DNA analysis. The results indicate that (i) population demography is largely independent in each tributary, (ii) some large tributaries support self‐sustaining populations, (iii) despite small population sizes in most tributaries (<30 spawning females), local extinction is rare, except in human‐influenced areas and (iv) probabilities of extinction are likely reduced by immigration of fish from neighbouring tributaries. The evidence suggests that Dolly Varden in this river system function as a source‐sink or mainland‐island metapopulation structure and that processes influencing these structures vary within the stream network. Overall, local populations may be highly persistent as long as local populations are well connected. I also discuss the vulnerability of stream fishes to habitat alterations.     

Seasonal patterns of downstream movement in partially migratory stream‐dwelling Dolly Varden

Migration is a common behaviour among salmonids, but not all individuals within a population migrate, instead becoming residents and remaining in their natal streams. This phenomenon, known as “partial migration,” is well studied among sea‐run and lake‐run populations; however, the lower migratory benefits and costs for mainstem‐run individuals question whether the same mechanisms can be applied for stream‐dwelling salmonids. In this study, we investigated main stem‐run timing and body condition of partially migratory stream‐dwelling Dolly Varden charr (Salvelinus malma) in the Shiisorapuchi River in central Hokkaido, Japan. Based on commonly observed patterns in sea‐run and lake‐run salmonids, we predicted that migration would occur during spring and consist predominantly of age 1 +  females with some small subordinate males. Traps were placed at the mouths of two small tributaries along the Shiisorapuchi River periodically from May to December 2015. Adipose fin samples were taken for DNA to sex the individuals. Consistent to initial predictions, downstream movement occurs only once in the spring, dominated by age‐1 +  females. Trapped fishes (presumed migrants) were slightly longer but slimmer compared to the fish caught in the tributaries (presumed resident), which may be equivalent to smolts in anadromous populations. Regardless of migratory habitat, mechanisms driving partial migration in salmonids may be the same as long as production between natal stream and feeding habitats is significantly different.     

湟水流域水生态保护与修复研究

研究湟水流域水生态现状和保护与修复措施,加强湟水流域水生态保护,维持黄河尤其是黄河上游流域及青藏高原和黄土高原-川滇生态屏障生态安全。湟水干流、大通河梯级开发集中,河流纵向连通性遭到严重破坏,且大部分水电站是引水式小水电站,枯水期水电站下游河道脱流现象严重,河流水流连续性及横向连通性遭到破坏,河流生态功能严重下降。根据国家及黄河流域对湟水流域生态保护定位及要求,在湟水流域水生态状况评价及问题识别的基础上,明确各区域(河段)水生态保护目标,提出了湟水上中下游水生态保护与修复总体布局、重要断面生态需水指标及保障措施和重要湿地、重要鱼类栖息地等保护与修复措施体系。     

永定河流域水生态环境质量综合评价

永定河流域是京津冀区域重要水源涵养区和生态屏障。通过对流域30个站点的物理生境、水质理化、水生生物等指标进行评价参数选取、指标赋分及加权求和,获得永定河流域各站点水生态环境质量综合指数,基本可以代表永定河流域水生态环境质量状况。评价结果表明,永定河流域不存在清洁站点,除少数监测站点水生态状况为较清洁外,轻度污染和中度污染站点占据了永定河流域的大部分,可以看出永定河流域整体水生态状况不容乐观,这与该区域生态环境所受外部胁迫程度较强有关。对比了水生态环境质量综合指数与大型底栖动物完整性指数评价结果的吻合性,探讨了利用对永定河流域进行水生态系统状况综合评价的可行性和合理性,以期为河流管理和健康评价提供参考依据。     

Salmonid colonization of new streams in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska

Abstract. Following the rapid recession of a neoglacial ice sheet within the last 250 years, colonization of recently deglaciated streams by salmonid fishes was investigated in Glacier Bay National Park, south-eastern Alaska. The primary factors governing the establishment, species diversity composition and abundance of salmonids in Glacier Bay streams were water temperature, sediment loading and stream discharge. No salmonids were found in the turbid meltwater streams emerging from retreating ice. Coho, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), and sockeye, Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum). salmon and Dolly Vardcn, Salvelinus malma (Walbaum), charr were the first salmonids to colonize the youngest clearwater stream. Juvenile Dolly Varden were more abundant than juvenile coho salmon in the most recently formed clearwater stream because of the characteristic absence of pool habital. Densities of juvenile coho salmon were six times greater in a stream with a series of lakes compared with a stream of similar age without lakes. Future advancement of salmonid stocks will probably depend upon the rate and extent of the development of riparian vegetation and inputs of large woody debris from the developing forest to provide further instream cover, habitat variation and channel stabilization.     

绥芬河珠星雅罗鱼溯河生殖群体结构特征研究

珠星雅罗鱼Leuciscus haronensis（Gunther）为鲤科鱼类中少有的溯河洄游类型。本研究采集了880尾2009年度绥芬河溯河洄游生殖群体样本,分析了溯河期、产卵期以及个体的体长、体重组成、年龄与生长、生殖能力、成熟系数、肥满度等主要生态学特征及种群数量。绥芬河珠星雅罗鱼生殖群体分三批溯河繁殖,即3月中旬至4月上旬;4月中旬至4月末;5月初至5月中旬。每批次体色、性比、成熟系数、肥满度等均有所差异。其中第二批次洄游群体为主要的产卵群体。根据绥芬河珠星雅罗鱼的生态学特征提出了该鱼的增殖保护措施。     

绥芬河珠星雅罗鱼溯河生殖群体结构特征研究

珠星雅罗鱼Leuciscus haronensis（Gunther）为鲤科鱼类中少有的溯河洄游类型。本研究采集了880尾2009年度绥芬河溯河洄游生殖群体样本,分析了溯河期、产卵期以及个体的体长、体重组成、年龄与生长、生殖能力、成熟系数、肥满度等主要生态学特征及种群数量。绥芬河珠星雅罗鱼生殖群体分三批溯河繁殖,即3月中...     

大渡河干流已建梯级水电站生态基流目标回顾性评价研究

生态流量是维持河湖等水生态系统良好状态所必需的流量（包括水量、水位或水深），而生态基流是确保其水生态系统功能不丧失的最低要求。作为我国重要的水电开发基地和生物多样性保护中心，大渡河流域极有必要定期开展生态基流目标回顾性评价。本研究使用了多种水文学方法，包括Tennant 法、Texas法、Q90法、多年最小月平均流量法和Northern Great Plains Resource Program （NGPRP）法，计算了大渡河干流已建梯级水电站的生态基流目标值。根据计算结果中各控制断面的最小值、最大值和平均值，建立了生态基流目标值的参考区间，分别对应底线、优和良好的标准线，并对大渡河干流已建梯级水电站生态基流目标进行了回顾性评价。针对不同历史条件下或不同行业领域中存在的生态基流相关概念内涵和适用边界条件的不一致问题，以及拦河工程生态基流调度的实际问题，研究提出生态基流目标体系的双指标控制法，并提出了大渡河干流已建梯级水电站生态基流目标建议值。研究结果为开展流域尺度生态基流目标回顾性评价提供了新的方法，并为推动后续生态基流研究和管理中类似问题的解决提供了有益线索。     

黑龙江乌苏里白鲑生殖群体生态学特征及资源保护

本报道黑龙江流域珍稀经济鱼类乌苏里白鲑生殖群体生态学。1994年秋季对黑龙江抚远江段洄游的乌里白鲑生殖群体的体长、体重组成、年龄组成、肥满度、成熟系数、生殖力、摄食等群体生态学特征进行研究，并提出其资源保护的措施。