加大渔业行政执法力度促进渔业资源合理利用

加大渔业行政执法力度，促进渔业资源合理利用，足当前我国渔业行政主管部分讨论的热点。本文围绕渔业行政执法工作的历程、当前福建省渔业资源管坪所面临的任务和形势及加强渔业资源保护和加大渔业执法力度的几点建议等专题进行概述。     

柴河水库渔业资源调查及利用意见

本文作者于1982、1983和1986年三次调查了柴河水库的理化性状,饵料生物、水库鱼类组成,介绍了水库渔业现状及其效益,并对今后的渔业发展提出意见和建议。     

钱塘江的渔业评价及合理利用渔业资源的初步设想

钱塘江是浙江省淡水捕捞的重要水域。由于兴建了新安江电站和富春江电站,该江的环境资源发生了改变。本文在调查研究的基础上,评价了该江的渔业,并提出了合理利用渔业资源的初步设想。     

山湖水库的渔业资源及其利用

以2001年山湖水库渔业资源调查资料为基础,分析了其水体的理化特性、饵料生物组成及生物量,评价了水库的营养类型和鱼产潜力,并提出了其水库渔业的发展对策。     

论自然渔业资源保护与利用

人类社会要想生存和发展,就要设法保护与利用自然渔业资源。如何保护和利用自然渔业资源？是当前国内外专家们讨论的热点。作者从理论高度,并结合渔业资源保护的实际论述自然渔业资源保护与利用。     

扎龙自然保护区渔业资源状况及渔业环境保护

扎龙自然保护区,是国家级鹤类自然保护区,位于黑龙江省西部齐齐哈尔市东南,松嫩平原乌裕尔河下游。这里溪流纵横交错,大大小小的湖泊星罗棋布。湖沼中栖息着各种鱼类和水鸟类,特别是鹤类,目前世界上已知有十五种,我国仅有九种,而扎龙自然保护区就有六种。而这些水鸟与扎龙自然保护区水域环境状况及鱼类存在密切相关。     

闽南渔场渔业资源利用现状和管理对策

渔业资源是渔业生产赖以生存和发展的物质基础,如何合理利用和保护渔业资源则是渔业管理的目标和任务所在,也是渔业生产可持续性发展的重要保证。全面了解海洋渔业资源的开发利用现状,制定符合渔业资源可持续利用的发展策略,对我省渔业生产的发展,建设海洋大省的战略目标有着非常重要的现实意义。     

台湾海峡的渔业资源及利用现状

台湾海峡处于福建与台湾两省之间,是东海与南海的通道,素有“海上走廊”之称。不仅在交通、经济、政治上具有十分重要的地位,而且有着丰富的渔业资源。对本海峡渔业资源的开发利用已有悠久的历史。对其渔业资源进行比较系统、科学地调查研究,当属七十年代以后。1975—1989年间,福建省水产研究所、厦门大学海洋系及福建海洋研究所等单位,先后对海峡中、南部的闽南一台湾浅滩渔场及北部的闽中     

大龙口水库渔业资源现状及利用对策

1998年5月和8月对大龙口水库水体的理化指标、浮游生物、底栖生物资源等进行了调查。水库为富营养类型，应加强生态管理，控制施肥强度，提高施肥效率，提高鳙鱼种放养量。     

我国水库渔业资源利用现状及其可持续发展对策

本分析了我国水库渔业资源的优越条件、利用现状和发展概况；探讨了水库渔业发展中的主要问题和可持续发展的对策。     

Are the exploitation pressures on the Nile perch fisheries resources of Lake Victoria a cause for concern?

Abstract Lake Victoria is one of the African Great Lakes, and an important source of affordable protein food in the form of fish. It provides employment, income, and export earnings to the riparian communities. Despite this importance there are major concerns about the status and exploitation of the fisheries. This study assesses if current extraction rates/yield of Nile perch, Lates niloticus (L.), from Lake Victoria are sustainable for the foreseeable future. The paper reviews trends in catch and effort in the Nile perch fishery and models the expected scenarios using ECOPATH. The fishery exhibits, classic indicators of intensive fishing, erring towards overexploitation, including: (i) decline in total estimated catch of Nile perch in recent years from the peaks in the 1990s. This is coupled with a shift in contribution of catches from higher trophic level species (Nile perch) to lower trophic level (dagaa) species. (ii) Three major trends in the fishing effort are evident: (a) almost doubling of the number of fishers and fishing boats between 1990 and 2000, and the even greater expansion between 2000 and 2002; (b) a large scale increase in the number of gears operational in the lake; and (c) the propensity for use of ‘illegal’ gears. (iii) Catch‐per‐unit‐effort has declined from about 80 to 45 kg per boat day. (iv) Predictive modelling (ECOSIM) of the future of the Nile perch fisheries under a scenario of increased fishing effort suggests that the fisheries are unsustainable and will decline in the long term. It appears that the Nile perch stocks in the three riparian countries are under intense fishing pressure, and unless concerted action is taken, the potential for degradation of the resources is prevalent. In view of the importance of these fisheries, it is recommended that a precautionary approach to further intens‐ification of the fisheries is adopted until such time empirical evidence shows that the fisheries are capable of further expansion and intensification. The main options for management are devolvement of responsibilities for the fisheries to the communities, enforcement of existing regulations, improved monitoring and data collection processes, reducing post‐harvest losses and increasing the value of the products to the export market.     

Data mining and stock assessment of fisheries resources in Tonle Sap Lake,Cambodia

The potential of catch per unit effort (CPUE) analysis based on statistics of local fisheries in Tonle Sap Lake in Cambodia was evaluated. The fishery statistics system was improved through a cooperative project conducted by the Department of Fisheries and the Mekong River Commission between 1994 and 2000, especially in the seven provinces adjacent to Tonle Sap Lake. However, the fisheries statistics were not effectively utilized for sustainable stock management. After the cooperative project, fish catch data sorted by species or species group were collected at the province level in the seven provinces. Another recent project also revealed the numbers of fishing gears that operated in the seven provinces. The CPUEs of ten species in Kampong Thom Province—including Channa micropeltes and Cirrhinus spp.—could be calculated from 1994 to 2007, because these are caught solely using bamboo fence systems or barrages. CPUE analysis clarified that stocks of high-price fishes such as Ch. micropeltes, Hampala spp., and Pangasius spp. have deteriorated while those of relatively low-price fishes such as Cirrhinus spp., Cirrhinus microlepis, Cyclocheilichthys enoplos, and Channa striata have increased in recent decades.     

千岛湖渔业生态资源增殖保护的对策与措施

分析了千岛湖渔业生态资源增殖保护中所存在的渔政管理难、品种结构调整力度不够的等问题。针对两大问题,从体制、机制、法制、管理等环节提出解决的方法、对策和措施,从而更好地保护千岛湖渔业资源与生态平衡。     

我国近海渔业资源研究历程及展望

近海是众多渔业生物的产卵场、育幼场和索饵场,也是优良渔场,支撑着我国海洋渔业资源的世代发生量和“海上粮仓”的可持续产出。近海渔业贡献了80%～90%海洋捕捞产量,在保障水产品供给、增加渔民收入、促进沿海地区海洋经济发展等方面发挥了重要作用。新中国成立以来,以近海渔业资源为切入点,我国科研人员围绕“海洋渔业资源开发与可持续利用”的关键科技问题,系统开展了一系列渔业资源调查与评估、基础与应用基础研究、技术研发工作,取得了多项创新性成果,支撑了我国海洋渔业资源合理利用、科学养护与管理。渔业资源研究重点与渔业资源开发利用程度和渔业发展休戚相关,本文结合不同时期国家渔业发展战略,系统回顾了1950年代以来我国近海渔业资源研究4个发展阶段(起步—发展阶段、快速发展阶段、综合研究阶段和新发展阶段)的特点、研究重点、调查装备及平台建设情况等;梳理了我国在近海渔业资源数量变动与渔场探查、渔业资源高效开发利用、渔业资源调查评估技术研发、科学规范的水生生物资源养护体系形成和海洋生态系统动力学等研究进展和代表性成果,及其对我国近海渔业发展、管理与资源养护政策调整的支撑作用;明确了未来渔业资源研究要注重多学科研...     

中国内陆咸(盐碱)水资源及渔业综合开发利用

为探究青海湖裸鲤在盐碱耐受过程中的基因表达变化,对青海湖河口水域以及入湖淡水河——泉吉河中的青海湖裸鲤的鳃、肾脏组织进行转录组测序,筛选青海湖裸鲤耐盐碱过程中发挥作用的免疫、代谢、渗透相关基因。结果显示,使用Trinity对所有样本质控数据 (clean data)进行从头组装后共得到541 429个非冗余的序列(unigene),N50平均长度达612 bp。经差异表达分析发现,共有832个基因在2个区域中的青海湖裸鲤鳃、肾脏中共表达。经GO功能注释分析,注释到结合(binding)、细胞过程 (cellular process)、代谢过程(metabolic process)、单一生物过程(single-organism process)的DEGs占比较多。KEGG通路分析结果表明,与免疫、代谢、渗透相关的通路得到了富集。根据差异表达基因的GO注释和KEGG信号通路富集分析,实验初步筛选到了青海湖裸鲤渗透相关基因,主要包括钠/钾转运ATP酶(sodium/potassium-transporting, ATPase)、钙/钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶 (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase)、溶质载体家族(solute carrier family)等;免疫相关基因主要包括白细胞介素(interleukin)、补体(complement)、整合素 (integrin)等;代谢相关基因主要有一氧化氮合酶 (nitric oxide synthase)、1, 25-二羟基维生素 D(3) 24-羟化酶 (1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) 24-hydroxylase)、细胞色素P450 (cytochrome P450)等。本实验为青海湖裸鲤的组学研究提供了相关数据,同时也为青海湖裸鲤在盐碱耐受方面的适应性研究奠定了基础。

     

南四湖渔业资源增殖措施探讨

南四湖由微山湖、昭阳湖、独山湖、南阳湖4个相连的湖泊组成,总面积1 266 km2,1958年建成拦湖大坝。湖内有鱼类78种,虾、贝、鳖等20余种,水生经济植物74种,年产各种经济动植物近10万t,多年来人工放流的投入产出比为1∶13~15。进一步加强渔业资源增殖的措施有:成立南四湖渔业资源增殖工作领导小组和技术攻关小组,完善渔业法规,开展南四湖渔业资源调查,搞好湖区渔业资源增殖和苗种繁育基地建设等。     

武湖翘嘴红鲌年龄和生长的研究

报道了武湖翘嘴红鲌的年龄生长特点.其渔获物中2+和3+龄个体占57.1%,体长以300～600mm为主,体长与鳞长之间呈直线相关L=6.1814+90.4837 R,体重与体长呈指数函数相关W=2.045 ×10-6L3.2585,3+龄以前生长最快,生长指标高,体长和体重的相对增长率大,其生长规律符合Von Bertalanffy方程L1=1 404.9(1-e-0.10(t+0.71)),W1=3.629×14(1-e-0.10(t+0.71))3.2585,捕捞3龄以上个体较为合理.     

我国鲻、梭鱼类资源开发及其生态养殖前景的探讨

鲻科鱼类(Mugilidae)是知名的世界性分布的经济鱼类,广泛栖息于淡水、河口和海水中。鲻鱼Mugil cephalus和梭鱼Liza haematocheila是亚洲地区鲻科鱼类中最主要的经济代表种。鲻、梭鱼属于植食性或腐屑食性,主要摄食环境中的有机碎屑。在养殖生产中,亦可起到净化养殖水域的作用,对维持养殖水域生态平衡和优化环境可起到重要作用。因此,从生态养殖角度考虑,广泛开展鲻、梭鱼类养殖,对调整我国当前渔业产业结构,降低养殖水域的自身污染,保障水产养殖业的持续、健康、稳定发展有着十分重要意义。     

南海大洋性中上层生物资源开发现状及前景

南海中南部深水区蕴藏着丰富的鸢乌贼（Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis）和黄鳍金枪鱼（Thunnus albacares）等大洋性中上层生物资源。文章分别介绍了南海金枪鱼和鸢乌贼的渔业与资源情况,并在此基础上探讨了中国相关渔业的发展前景,提出南海大洋性生物资源开发应以鸢乌贼灯光罩网渔业为发展重点。     

Fishing rights auctions in the fisheries of Lake Peipsi-Pihkva, Estonia

Abstract  To deal with excessive fishing capacity, a part of the fishing rights, both volume quotas and gear use rights, in all Estonian fisheries was allocated each year during 2001–2003 through auctions while the remainder was allocated on the basis of the recent fishing rights use history. All fishing rights depreciated in a geometric manner by 10% annually. This was carried out for the first time in 2001, but the system was abandoned for political reasons in 2003. In this paper, the development of the small-scale Estonian inland fisheries, as well as the results of the auctions of fishing rights in those fisheries, are discussed. The auctions led to some increase in the number of owners of fishing rights. In most cases, however, new enterprises were formed on the basis of fishers active up to 2001 as employees of other enterprises. The auctions did not lead to a concentration of ownership of fishing rights in large enterprises. On the contrary, the share of smaller owners increased. According to the Fishing Act, in Estonia there is a fishing fee for all professional fishing gears. The official fishing fee was always used as the starting price in bidding, and this increased greatly during the bidding. Finally, the auction system served as a real incentive for fishers to cooperate more than they did during the previous management system based only on earlier rights.