农业部调整黄渤海区刺网休渔时间

<正>近日,农业部发布通告,决定将黄渤海区刺网休渔时间调整为6月1日12时至9月1日12时,东海区、南海区刺网休渔政策暂不变更。调整后的伏季休渔规定,自2014年1月1日起施行。★休渔海域渤海、黄海、东海及北纬12度以北的南海(含北部湾)海域。★休渔作业类型(一)"闽粤海域交界线"以北的渤海、黄海、东海海域:除钓具外的所有作业类型。(二)北纬12度至"闽粤海域交界线"的南海海域(含北部湾):除单层刺网和钓具外的所有作业类型。     

要闻速览

6月1日黄渤海海域和东海海域进入休渔期,除钓具作业以外的所有渔船全部进港休渔。根据农业部通告,北纬35度以北的渤海和黄海海域休渔时间为6月1日12时至9月1日12时;北纬35度至26度30分的黄海和东海海域的休渔时间为6月1日12时至9月16日12时;北纬26度30分至"闽粤海域交界线"的东海海域休渔时间为5月16日12时至8月1日12时。     

2001年莱州湾水质监测报告

地州湾历史上水质优良,基础生产力水平较高,渔业资源半富,是黄、渤海区重要的渔业水域之一。对该海域水质的监测是我站延续多年的项目。已历时！0余载,其目的是掌握议州湾这一重要渔业水域内的环境质迢变化情况,为莱州湾乃至整个渤海的污染监测、分析及综合整治提供科学依据。现将2001年的监测情况报告如下:     

大连旅顺渤海侧沿海虾夷扇贝幼虫来源调查

旅顺渤海侧沿海没有虾夷扇贝资源,但是每年的5月中旬-6月中旬出现虾夷扇贝幼虫,使该海域形成采苗场.2006-2007年笔者通过在虾夷扇贝主要增养殖海区投放漂流瓶跟踪移动方向,监测浮游幼虫数量及个体大小分布等方法,调查了旅顺渤海侧沿海虾夷扇贝幼虫来源.结果表明,2006年4月30日、2007年4月8日和4月28日,在獐子岛海域投放的漂流瓶,回收率分别为7.5%、14.0%和17.2%,其中在獐子岛至旅顺渤海侧沿海回收的比例分别为6.0%、10.4%和4.0%.2006年4月6日,大钦岛海域投放的漂流瓶,回收率为13.0%,在旅顺渤海侧回收率为0%.獐子岛至旅顺渤海侧沿海设置10～12个站位,调查浮游幼虫数量及个体大小分布,结果表明,进入5月中旬以后随着时间的推移,幼虫向旅顺渤海侧沿海集中,而且大个体幼虫的比例增加.调查结果证明,旅顺渤海侧沿海虾夷扇贝幼虫主要来自黄海北部增养殖海区.     

近年渤海中部海域活性磷酸盐的时空变化特征

渤海封闭性强，水动力条件和自净能力较弱，其生态系统较为敏感和脆弱。2011年位于渤海中部的蓬莱19-3油田发生重大溢油事故，对渔业生态环境和渔业资源造成了严重影响。为了解和掌握该起溢油污染事故发生后渔业生态环境的变化状况，分别于2012?2014年在渤海中部海域进行了9个航次的生态环境跟踪调查。利用其中部分调查资料，作者对渤海中部活性磷酸盐的时空变化特征及其影响因素进行了分析探讨。结果显示，(1)2012?2014年春季和夏季渤海中部海域活性磷酸盐含量符合第二类海水水质标准要求，秋、冬季部分海域已受到活性磷酸盐的污染。(2)不同季节渤海中部海域活性磷酸盐的平面分布趋势各异，垂直分布也存在季节差异。春季和夏季活性磷酸盐呈现由表层至底层递减的趋势，秋季和冬季接近呈垂直分布均匀状态。(3)渤海中部海域活性磷酸盐平均含量季节变化明显，其含量顺序由高到低依次为冬季、秋季、春季、夏季，冬季明显高于夏季。2014年渤海中部海域活性磷酸盐含量低于2013年，呈逐年降低趋势。(4)渤海中部海域活性磷酸盐时空变化受到诸多因素的影响，营养盐的外源补充、内源再生和生物消耗是影响活性磷酸盐时空变化的最重要因素。     

农业农村部安排部署渤海渔港环境综合整治和渔船污染防治工作

<正>本刊讯7月23日,农业农村部办公厅发布《关于做好渤海渔港环境综合整治和渔船污染防治工作的通知》(以下简称《通知》),要求沿渤海各级渔业主管部门深入贯彻落实《渤海综合治理攻坚战行动计划》有关要求,扎实推进渤海渔港环境综合整治及渔船污染治理工作,确保各项任务目标按期完成。《通知》提出,开展渤海渔港环境综合整治和渔船污染防治工作,沿     

渤海中部海域表层沉积物磷形态及潜在生物可利用磷分布特征

磷是海洋浮游植物生长和繁殖所必需的重要生源要素，也是海洋初级生产力和食物链的基础元素，沉积物中能参与界面交换的生物可利用磷（Bioavailable phosphorus, BAP）的潜在含量取决于沉积物中磷的形态，而渤海中部区域的相关研究较少。因此本文以渤海中部海域的5个区域（唐山沿岸、秦皇岛沿岸、渤海东北部海域、渤海海峡、渤海西南部海域）为研究对象，采用分级浸取法，测定了23个采样点的沉积物样品中磷的组分、含量，并计算潜在BAP含量，研究分析了其分布特性及影响因素。结果表明：渤海中部海域表层沉积物中无机磷（Inorganic phosphorus, IP）是渤海中部海域表层沉积物中总磷（Total phosphorus, TP）的主要存在形式，唐山沿岸、秦皇岛沿岸、渤海东北部海域、渤海海峡、渤海西南部海域这五个区域沉积物中IP含量平均分别占其 TP含量的78.39%、79.06%、71.46%、84.60%、81.46%，而有机磷（Organic phosphorus, OP）则均占较小的比例。IP均以碎屑磷（Detrital phosphorus, De-P）为主要赋存形态，平均分别占TP的54.02%、52.12%、33.33%、69.41%、57.28%，IP中各形态磷的含量顺序为：碎屑磷（Detrital phosphorus, De-P）>?闭蓄态磷（Occluded phosphorus, Oc-P）>铁/铝吸附态磷（Fe and Al oxidation state phosphorus, Fe/Al-P）>弱吸附态磷（Exchangeable phosphorus, Ex-P）>钙结合态磷（Calcium-bound phosphorus, Ca-P）。河流输入、沉积物粒度和沉积环境是影响渤海中部海域表层沉积物中不同形态磷含量及分布的主要因素。根据沉积物中潜在的BAP含量分析表明，唐山沿岸、秦皇岛沿岸、渤海东北部海域、渤海西南部海域表层沉积物中潜在的BAP含量平均分别占 TP 的44.77%、46.94%、64.87%、40.54%，具备较强的向水体中释放磷的潜力。为渤海中部海域有效地提供沉了积物环境的相关信息。     

环渤海主要城市近岸海域水质状况综合评价

为客观评价环渤海13个城市近岸海域水质状况,验证雷达图指数、内梅罗指数和主成分指数在渤海近岸海域水质评价中的作用,基于渤海195个监测站位3、5月两次实测水质数据,选取化学需氧量、无机氮、总氮、活性磷酸盐、总磷和石油类物质作为评价因子,对环渤海主要城市近岸海域水质状况进行了综合评价和等级划分。结果显示,渤海近岸海域主要污染物为无机氮和总磷,其次为石油类物质;葫芦岛、秦皇岛、大连和烟台的近岸海域水质状况较好,而位于辽东湾北岸辽河口附近的盘锦、锦州、营口以及位于莱州湾西侧的滨州的近岸海域水质状况较差;3类水质综合指数对海水中盐度和悬浮物浓度敏感性较强,且相互之间及其与水质优良面积比例存在显著相关性,表明所选择的3类水质指数能够真实反映渤海近岸海域水质状况。本研究将为渤海水质评价与综合治理成效评估提供方法上的借鉴。     

渤海海域渔业民俗浅析

正我国河流丰富,水系发达,共拥有四大海域,其中渤海海域地处北方,三面环陆,在天津、河北、山东、辽宁一市三省之间,是我国开发较早的海域,也是中华文明的发祥地之一,具有丰富的历史文化。俗话说靠水吃水,指的便是捕鱼,渤海海域的     

东沙群岛珊瑚礁海域鱼类物种分类多样性研究

根据南海东沙群岛珊瑚礁海域鱼类物种种类组成的历史资料,系统整理了鱼类物种组成,并计算了东沙海域的平均分类差异指数(△+)和分类差异变异指数(∧+).结果显示,东沙珊瑚礁海域共记录鱼类18目,68科,173属,403种,鲈形目鱼类占绝对优势.△+约为55.2,低于黄、渤海、长江口和东海陆架海域(P＜0.01),∧+约为110,低于黄、渤海、长江口(P＜0.01)和东海陆架海域(P>0.05).大尺度上,一般纬度越低,中国海洋鱼类△+越小,表明珊瑚礁鱼类群落物种的亲缘关系要比陆架和河口区域的接近.     

Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean

The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.     

Growth performance,digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass,Lateolabrax japonicus fed with fructooligosaccharide

In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.     

Protein and amino acid composition from the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris exposed to prolonged starvation

Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg^?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg^?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg^?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.     

Involvement of gonadal steroids in final oocyte maturation of white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops): in vivo and in vitro studies

Plasma estradiol-17 (E₂), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E₂ and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E₂ and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass.     

Cardiac,ventilatory and metabolic responses of two ecologically dissimilar species of fish to waterborne cyanide

Changes in heart rate, ventilatory activity and oxygen consumption were determined in trout (Salmo gairdneri) and brown bullhead catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus) during exposure to a steadily increasing concentration of waterborne cyanide selected to produce death in 8–9 hours for each species. The lethal cyanide concentration for the bullheads was an order of magnitude higher than for trout. Trout developed an immediate and gradually increasing bradycardia throughout the exposure period. Cyanide produced tachycardia in the bullhead followed by a gradual onset of bradycardia as the concentration of cyanide was raised. Pericardial injection of atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) indicated that bradycardia in the trout was due initially to increased vagal tone but later due to the direct effect of cyanide on the heart. Hyperventilation in the trout persisted throughout the exposure period, although the rate and amplitude fluctuated and was variable between individual fish. During the last hour of exposure (highest cyanide concentration), ventilation was characterized by rapid, shallow breaths followed by a sudden respiratory arrest. The bullheads exhibited hyperventilation during the first 3 hours of exposure followed by a gradual, linear drop in ventilation rate and amplitude until death occurred. Cardiac and ventilatory responses in both species were attributed to stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors by cyanide. Evidence is presented which suggests the initial response in the bullheads was due, at least in part, to gustatory stimulation by the cyanide. Oxygen consumption of the trout remained above pre-exposure levels for the majority of the test period. Oxygen consumption in the bullhead paralleled the changes in heart and ventilatory rates. Whole-body lactate levels of fingerlings of both species during cyanide exposure were measured to estimate the extent of anaerobiosis. Whole-body lactate levels were much greater in the bullheads than the trout, indicating a higher capacity for anaerobiosis, possibly due to a greater fuel supply. Overall, the trout responded to cyanide in a manner similar to that produced by environmental hypoxia whereas the bullheads experienced a gustatory stimulus which masked the hypoxia-like response.     

美人鱼发光杆菌对凡纳滨对虾非特异性 免疫功能及抗病力的影响

在基础饲料中分别添加0.1%和1%美人鱼发光杆菌灭活菌、0.1%美人鱼发光杆菌活菌配制成3种免疫实验饲料,以基础饲料为空白对照组饲料,每组设3个平行样。对个体质量为(4.83±0.36)g的凡纳滨对虾进行为期20 d的饲养实验,分别在0、5、10、15和20d进行取样,以血清中的酚氧化酶(PO)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和溶菌酶(UL)活性为免疫指标,探讨了美人鱼发光杆菌作为免疫制剂对凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫效应的影响;在投喂免疫饲料后的第22天,按0.004 2 kg/kg体重的剂量,直接投喂对虾白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)病料,并记录累积死亡率。结果表明,美人鱼发光杆菌免疫实验组对凡纳滨对虾血清中PO、ACP、AKP、UL和SOD活性影响明显高于对照组,并且在饲料中添加美人鱼发光杆菌后,明显提高了对虾抵御WSSV感染的能力。其中0.1%美人鱼发光杆菌活菌实验组的抗病毒感染能力最强,WSSV感染14d内累计死亡率为63.3%±5.8%;而对照组为96.7%±3.3%。研究表明,美人鱼发光杆菌添加在对虾饲料中能提高凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫水平,增强抵抗疾病的能力,将其作为对虾免疫增强剂具有良好的应用前景。     

An overview of stress physiology of fish transport: changes in water quality as a function of transport duration

This study brings an integrated analysis about the relationship between water deterioration and its physiological consequences in live fish transport. The analysis was focused on the transport water and its deterioration, and physiological challenges imposed on the fish. Usual commercial handling procedures employed to mitigate fish stress during transport were discussed. Future topics of research for the establishment of safer fish transport protocols were proposed. Transport was classified into short (≤8 h) or long transport (>8 h). The main issue in short transports should be the prevention of water pH reduction, while in long transports it is the increase in ammonia. Plasma cortisol is the most employed marker for stress and is acutely elevated upon short episodes of transport, but remains elevated even in long‐transport events. Plasma glucose is perhaps a better marker for handling stress. Plasma lactate, pH, osmolality CO₂ and ions should be more often evaluated. Plasma Na⁺ and Cl^‐ are very useful markers of acidosis, due to their respective exchange for H⁺ and , for acid–base regulation. The establishment of species‐specific transport protocols should be preceded by such combined analyses of water and physiological parameters.     

Are hatchery‐reared abalone naïve of predators? Comparing the behaviours of wild and hatchery‐reared northern abalone,Haliotis kamtschatkana (Jonas, 1845)

Abalone populations have declined worldwide, generating interest in enhancement using hatchery‐reared individuals. In many cases, such restoration efforts have met with limited success due to high predator‐induced mortality rates. Furthermore, the mortality rates of outplanted hatchery abalone are often considerably higher than for wild individuals. This study uses northern abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana) as a case study to determine whether hatchery‐reared abalone behave differently than their wild counterparts. In the field, outplanted hatchery‐reared abalone were significantly less responsive than wild abalone, in terms of number of abalone responding and intensity of response, to nearby movement and to physical contact with an inert probe. Also, when encountering a cue to which all abalone responded (a seastar predator), hatchery‐reared individuals remained subdued. Anti‐predator behavioural deficits in hatchery‐reared abalone were more pronounced in 4‐year‐old individuals than in 1‐year‐old individuals, suggesting an influence of either age or amount of time spent in the hatchery environment. These behavioural differences are expected to increase the vulnerability of hatchery‐reared abalone to predators, and are likely a major cause of their elevated predator‐induced mortality when outplanted.     

Effects of cadmium on the kinetics of calcium uptake in developing tilapia larvae, Oreochromis mossambicus

The toxic effects of Cd²⁺ on Ca²⁺ influx kinetics in developing tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) larvae were evaluated. Addition of 20 µg l^-1 of Cd²⁺ to the environment of 0 and 3 day-old larvae competitively inhibited the Ca²⁺ uptake within 4h resulting in a great increase in K_m values for Ca²⁺ influx (19.3 and 17.4 fold, respectively) as compared with their respective controls. Consequently, the actual Ca²⁺ influx of larvae in solutions of 0.2 mM Ca²⁺ are suppressed by 32–45%. Also, 3 day-old larvae were more sensitive to internally accumulated Cd²⁺ than 0 day-old larvae. Although the Ca²⁺ influx in 0 and 3 day-old larvae may be restored to the levels of their respective controls with 24h of being transferred to a 20 µg l^-1 Cd²⁺ solution, total body Ca²⁺ content was significantly reduced in 3 day-old larvae. Increased Ca²⁺ uptake efficiency ensures sufficient Ca²⁺ for normal growth. However, rapid increase in Ca²⁺ influx after hatching also leads to higher Cd²⁺ uptake. Exposure to Cd²⁺ will lead to a drop in body Ca²⁺ content resulting in retardation of larval growth. Therefore, we conclude that if Ca²⁺ uptake is interfered with at this critical stage of development, larvae will not be able to maintain normal levels of body Ca²⁺ and will show signs of Cd²⁺ poisoning.     

Migratory dynamics of stream-spawning longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus)

Abstract– Literature evidence suggests that lake-dwelling longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus) enter tributary streams to spawn, Until the present study, the dynamics of this breeding migration had never been investigated quantitatively. During the summers of 1991 and 1992, longnose gar were captured as they entered Weaubleau Creek, Missouri, a tributary of Harry S. Truman Reservoir. The in-stream spawning migration began in early April and ended in late May, and was positively correlated with stream flow and water level, and negatively correlated with water temperature. In-stream residence times ranged from 15 to 94 days, with males exhibiting longer residence times than females. Once in-stream, longnose gar travelled as far as 10 km upstream and occupied certain pools at greater relative frequencies. Although the reason for this preferential utilization is not completely understood, it may relate to pool depth and riffle proximity. Longnose gar disperse from the spawning stream great distances, with gar captured in Weaubleau Creek being recaptured up to 48 km away. This information should provide fisheries biologists the means to consider the reproductive ecology of this species in their conservation and management decisions.