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海洋牧场景观生态分类研究:以柘林湾海洋牧场为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来,中国海洋牧场研究与建设发展迅速,带动了海洋牧场休闲渔业和旅游业的发展,但由于海洋牧场休闲渔业发展模式较为单一,对海洋牧场可观赏性景观开发理论方面研究较少。本研究以柘林湾海洋牧场为例,应用景观生态分类理论方法,对其进行景观生态分类,建立柘林湾海洋牧场景观生态分类系统,将柘林湾海洋牧场划分为3个一级景观、5个二级景观和16个三级景观,并应用空间分析技术绘制了各级景观生态分类示意图,讨论分析了其景观分布状况。该研究初步形成了海洋牧场景观生态分类系统,可为下一步进行海洋牧场景观格局规划研究提供理论依据,对海洋牧场生态、经济和社会效益的提高及可持续发展具有重要的理论意义。 相似文献
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海洋牧场是国内外长期广泛应用的海洋渔业发展举措。本文对国内外海洋牧场发展情况以及已有定义、分类情况进行了总结和分析。国外普遍将渔业资源增殖等同海洋牧场,从20世纪40年代以来人工鱼礁已从较单纯的聚鱼功能,拓展为海洋牧场生境保护和修复功能,目标是渔业资源增殖和利用。东北亚国家如日本、韩国建设人工鱼礁的目标是大规模增殖、聚集和捕获渔业资源;欧美诸多国家建设人工鱼礁主要是为了增殖保护渔业资源和开发休闲渔业。国外以渔业资源增殖为主旨的海洋牧场建设成败皆有,成功的方面仍值得中国借鉴。国外对海洋牧场定义和分类的数量较少,定义的提出和使用相对严谨。多年来,中国高度重视海洋牧场建设,将其作为水生生物资源养护、渔民转产转业和海洋生态文明建设的重要手段加以扶持。海洋牧场在建设规模、产出效果、技术水平、发展机制等方面取得了巨大进步。但由于起步较晚,产业和科技总体上仍处于初级阶段,存在一系列问题亟待解决。在20世纪60年代至70年代,国内学者提出海洋牧场和海洋农牧化概念,并将二者进行了区分,其后诸多学者也将渔业资源增殖等同海洋牧场。近年来国内海洋牧场发展迅速,但海洋牧场定义不够规范,数量繁多、含义空泛、严谨性不足。最后,本文就海洋牧场发展趋势、发展理念、目标定位、建设内容、研究支撑等方面进行了总结和展望,认为实事求是并理性把握好现阶段海洋牧场的发展理念、定位、内容和目标,加强对农业农村部现有海洋牧场水产行业标准的宣传尤其是定义和分类的宣传,引导海洋牧场研究和建设工作有序开展,对于切实有效支撑海洋牧场健康发展十分重要。 相似文献
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中国耕地面积逐年减少,粮食缺口不断增大,而"海洋粮仓"在保障中国解决"吃饭"问题上蕴藏着巨大的潜力,但过度开发造成资源枯竭。海南省沿海经济发展、捕捞业扩张造成南海珊瑚群灭亡,生态环境退化,渔业产量逐年降低,建设海洋牧场成为修复生态环境、渔业增殖的绿色渠道。在阐述了海南省海洋牧场建设状况的基础上,分析海南省海洋牧场建设类型和效益,发展建设特色热带海洋牧场,并针对海南省海洋牧场发展建设方面存在的问题,提出可持续发展建议。 相似文献
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<正>今年的中央一号文件提出,支持集约化海水健康养殖,发展现代化海洋牧场。大力推进海洋牧场建设,是优化海洋生态的重要举措,也是实现渔业转型升级、推动渔业供给侧改革的有效途径。目前,我国已建成北起辽宁丹东南至广西防城港、分布在沿海11个省市的42家国家级海洋牧场示范区。山东作为海洋牧场建设的先行者,走出了一条放流与投礁相结合、渔业与旅游相整合、生态效益与经济效益相融合的道路。 相似文献
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贝藻类碳汇功能及其在海洋牧场建设中的应用模式初探 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
资源管理型渔业是未来海洋渔业发展的主要方向,海洋牧场是资源管理型渔业的主要方式之一。海洋牧场建设与碳汇渔业相结合是一种全新的水生生物养护形式,以贝类养殖和藻类栽培为载体的海洋牧场建设具有广泛的应用前景。本文分析了当前中国海洋牧场建设的形式,同时对贝藻类碳汇功能及其在海洋牧场建设中的重要性进行了论述,并结合浅海海域实际条件提出建设海洋牧场合理规划建议。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 下载免费PDF全文
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献