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1.
闽南、台湾浅滩渔场蟹类种类组成及分布特征   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11  
叶孙忠 《海洋渔业》2004,26(4):249-254
本文根据 1994~ 1996年闽南、台湾浅滩渔场蟹类资源调查及相关资料 ,研究分析了该渔场蟹类的种类组成、地理和区系分布及其生物量分布的特点。初步鉴定该渔场蟹类有 5 9种 ,隶属 12科、2 7属 ,绝大部分种类为热带和亚热带暖水性种 ,属印度—西太平洋区系 ,与南海关系最为密切 ,其次是东海 ,而与黄、渤海关系较为疏远。蟹类群体分布遍及整个调查海区 ,但时空分布差异明显 ,渔获量平均密度指数以 10月为最高 ,达2 9.5kg/h ,5月最低 ,仅为 5 .5kg/h。 1~ 6月蟹类群体分布范围基本不变且范围相对较小 ,7~ 12月分布中心有逐渐向闽南、台湾浅滩渔场北部和内侧移动的趋势且范围相对较大 ,群体密集度较高。具有开发利用价值的经济种类约十余种 ,在渔业中占主导地位的为拥剑梭子蟹、红星梭子蟹和善泳等 ,年渔获量约 ( 5 .0~ 5 .5 )×10 4t。  相似文献   

2.
在长江入海口咸淡水交融区分布着多种蟹类,每年初夏(5~6月间)随着潮汛的到来可以发现成群的蟹类幼体,据王云龙等(1997)于1995年和1996年的4~6月,在江苏如东县和东台市沿海所作的沿海蟹类种类组成调查报道,在河蟹苗汛同期出现的蟹苗有天津厚蟹、日本大眼蟹、红螯相手蟹。其中河蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)的大眼幼体与相手蟹(Sesarmasp.俗称螃蜞)的大眼幼体在形态上比较接近,若有疏忽容易误辨,以致使有些采购天然蟹苗者上当,造成经济损失。那么如何来正确区别天然河蟹苗与螃蜞苗?对此作者进行了初步研究,现介绍如下供参考。在低倍显微…  相似文献   

3.
利用2007年12月和2008年6月三门湾海域渔业资源调查资料,研究三门湾蟹类密度的时空分布,分析优势种、地形地貌和水文等因素对蟹类分布的影响。结果表明,12月和6月蟹类重量密度分别为38.44 kg/km2和75.20 kg/km2,尾数密度为1.99×103ind/km2和3.66×103ind/km2。蟹类重量密度分布呈三门湾西北部水域高于东南部水域趋势,尾数密度分布则呈三门湾西北部水域低于东南部水域趋势。依据相对重要性指数分析的结果,日本蟳是本海域蟹类第一优势种,其次为经济品种三疣梭子蟹。两季蟹类大部分为幼体,夏季比冬季种类数有增加。上述优势种对三门湾蟹类数量的变化有较明显的回归贡献。  相似文献   

4.
瓯江口海域夏秋季蟹类数量分布与环境的关系   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
徐兆礼 《水产学报》2009,33(2):237-244
本文利用2007年6月和9月瓯江口海域渔业资源调查资料,分析瓯江口蟹类资源密度的分布,及蟹类优势种、水团、水深和水文因子对蟹类数量分布的影响。结果表明,6月和9月蟹类重量密度分别为112.99 kg/km2和73.48kg/km2,尾数密度为16.84×103ind/ km2和3.80×103ind/ km2,资源总量为50845.5 kg和33066.0 kg。蟹类密度分布,在6月调查海域东部高于西部,南部高于北部,高密度区出现在瓯江口洞头群岛外侧,尤其是受台湾暖流影响明显的海域;在9月仅是南部明显高于北部,其他海域分布比较均匀。瓯江径流从瓯江北口下泄,在口外形成冲淡水水团,使瓯江口北侧蟹类密度较低。瓯江口温、盐度环境因子与蟹类重量密度负相关关系显著,与尾数密度不显著。水深与蟹类密度呈错综复杂的关系,并非线性相关关系。日本蟳(Charybdis japonica)是瓯江口蟹类最重要的优势种,三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)是最重要的经济品种。  相似文献   

5.
台湾浅滩周围海域蟹类资源调查研究   总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1  
1994年7月—1996年6月间,我们在台湾浅滩周围海域(22°—24°N,117°—120°E)开展蟹类资源凋查与研究。本文主要报道该海域蟹类的种类组成、数量分布以及经济种拥剑梭子蟹、红星梭子蟹和善泳(虫寻)的生物学特性;探讨了蟹类的资源特点和可捕量;论证拥剑梭子蟹属闽南、粤东—台湾浅滩地方种群;并提出对蟹类资源“春保、夏养、冬捕”的开发建议。  相似文献   

6.
东海大陆架海域蟹类资源量的评估   总被引:28,自引:7,他引:21  
俞存根 《水产学报》2004,28(1):41-46
据1998年5、8、11月和1999年2月4个月在26°~33°N,127°E以西,水深20~120m的东海中北部大陆架海域,使用桁杆拖虾网进行虾蟹类资源调查所获资料,应用资源密度法首次估算了调查海域主要经济蟹类和总体的现存资源量和MSY,结果是:东海调查海域蟹类总资源量约为18.2×10~4t,MSY约为21.9×10~4t。估算出的蟹类现存资源量比当年渔获量略高,表明该海域蟹类资源总体利用不足,尚有一定潜力。文中还讨论了不同蟹类种类资源的不同利用程度,具体是三疣梭子蟹资源已达过度利用,而细点圆趾蟹、锈斑(虫寻)、日本(虫寻)、武士(虫寻)、光掌(虫寻)等蟹类资源则还利用不足,其中细点圆趾蟹是群体数量最大,最具有开发潜力的一种蟹类资源,MSY约为10.1×10~4t,最高资源密度达3375.0kg·km~(-2),为合理开发利用蟹类资源提供了基础资料。  相似文献   

7.
根据2015年11月、2016年2、5、8月在浙江中部披山海域进行渔业资源调查所获得的资料,分析了浙江中部披山海域蟹类的种类组成、优势种、生物多样性等群落结构特征,同时,研究了群落结构的相似性,以及群落结构与环境因子之间的关系。结果显示,所得渔获物共鉴定出蟹类19种,隶属于6科9属,其中优势种为三疣梭子蟹、日本蟳、双斑蟳和隆线强蟹等4种。不同季节的蟹类种类组成差异较大,而优势种类组成变化较大,其中,蟹类种类数以夏季最多,冬季最少。从不同水深区域的渔获种类分布趋势分析,蟹类种类数以5~15 m水深带较多,小于5 m和15~20 m水深带较少。生物多样性指数夏季最高,冬季最低。从不同水深区域分析,多样性指数在10~15 m水深带较高,5~10 m水深带较低。冗余分析结果认为,表层水温、表层盐度和底层盐度是影响调查海域蟹类种类组成和群落结构特征的主要环境因子。  相似文献   

8.
冯坚  施晓峰 《齐鲁渔业》2008,25(12):36-37
日本蟳(Charybdis japonica)俗称石蜞刚,隶属节肢动物门,甲壳纲,十足目,好属,是一种肉质丰满,嫩而鲜美,经济价值较高的大型海产蟹类。笔者于2007年4~6月间,在普陀区东港街道塘头晓峰育苗厂进行了日本蚵全人工繁育技术研究,成功培育出健康日本蟳Ⅰ~Ⅱ期幼蟹苗60万只,育成率最高达15%。  相似文献   

9.
日本蟳养殖技术研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
日本蟳(Charybdis japonica)在连云港俗称石杂鳖、石岬蟹、赤甲红、靠山红,其肉味鲜美、营养丰富,是具有较高食用和商用价值的温、热带海洋蟹类,也是我国主要的经济海洋蟹类之一,盛产于黄渤海水域。其适温范围5~30℃,最适20~27℃:适盐范围10~35,最适15~27,适宜pH值范围为5~10,最适8~9。  相似文献   

10.
闽东北渔场主要经济蟹类的生物学特性及其时空分布   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
随着近海经济渔业资源的日渐衰退,海洋蟹类资源的开发利用引起了人们的普遍关注。闽东北渔场(26°00′-28°00′,120°00′-125°30′)是锈斑蟳、红星梭子蟹等经济蟹类的重要分布区。为了探索该海域经济蟹类的资源潜力和开发前景,本文根据闽东渔场指挥部近年开展的闽东渔场蟹类资源探捕调查资料和以蟹类为主捕对象的笼捕作业生产探捕监测船的渔捞记录资料进行整理分析,对闽东北渔场的锈斑蟳、红星梭子蟹、三疣梭子蟹、武士蟳、红点圆趾蟹等5种主要经济蟹类的生物学特性及其时空分布进行叙述,旨在为渔业生产管理部门制定合理开发利用蟹类资源提供科学依据。  相似文献   

11.
为揭示三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)不同生长阶段的消化酶和超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性的变化规律,及其与生长环境之间的关系,以野生和养殖三疣梭子蟹的幼蟹、雌性成蟹及抱卵雌蟹为研究对象,分别测定比较了其肝胰腺中的胃蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶及肌肉中的SOD活性,结果表明:(1)野生和养殖幼蟹的淀粉酶活性分别为(1.57±0.09)U.mg-1和(2.61±0.01)U.mg-1,显著高于成蟹和抱卵蟹(P<0.05);野生和养殖成蟹的胃蛋白酶活性分别为(5.83±0.45)U.mg-1和(2.77±0.10)U.mg-1,显著高于幼蟹和抱卵蟹(P<0.05),是幼蟹和抱卵蟹的2~3倍;脂肪酶活性以养殖抱卵蟹最高,野生成蟹次之;消化酶活性变化与蟹的生长阶段及食性转变相关。(2)幼蟹、成蟹和抱卵蟹的SOD酶均表现为野生蟹显著高于养殖蟹(P<0.05);野生成蟹的脂肪酶和胃蛋白酶活性亦显著高于养殖成蟹,是养殖成蟹的2.5倍以上。因此,养殖蟹的机体健康水平、免疫保护和抗应激能力不及野生蟹,尤以幼蟹阶段SOD酶活性最低,抗逆境力最差。  相似文献   

12.
陈再忠 《水产学报》2005,29(5):630-634
采用磷酸苯二钠法在520nm波长测定了未成熟、早熟和正常成熟中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺与性腺中的酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)。结果表明:(1)各组蟹肝胰腺ACP和ALP活性都显著高于性腺;(2)早熟蟹肝胰腺中ACP活性都显著高于未成熟蟹而低于正常成熟蟹,在各发育阶段没有性别差异,但是,早熟雌蟹和正常成熟雌蟹卵巢中ACP活性都较早熟雄蟹和正常雄蟹精巢低,早熟与正常成熟个体没有差异;(3)早熟雌蟹肝胰腺ALP活性显著高于未成熟和正常成熟雌蟹,而与三组雄蟹处于同一水平,但是,早熟和正常成熟雌雄蟹的性腺中ALP活性没有显著差异。由此得出结论:(1)性腺发育所需营养物质的动员或合成主要与肝胰腺ACP有关;(2)性早熟的发生与肝胰腺中ACP和ALP活性的显著升高有关。  相似文献   

13.
Abstract. Sacculina granifera was found in 12% of commercial sandcrabs, Portunus pelagicus , in Moreton Bay irrespective of sex. Although male and female crabs were randomly distributed about Moreton Bay, egg bearing females were most common at the seaward station. This and the distribution of epizoic barnacles on gills and carapace suggest the sexes school separately. The increased prevalence of barnacles on the carapace of infected crabs indicates Sacculina inhibits moulting. The distribution of interna infections in small crabs towards south and west and externa infections in large crabs in the easterly, seaward stations suggests Sacculina preferentially attacks young crabs as they move inshore and then induces crabs to behave like 'berried' (i.e. egg bearing) females by moving seaward as they grow. Morphologically female crabs are little changed by Sacculina , but the males show considerable modification which is reflected most accurately in the shortening of the chelar propodus to proportions similar to normal females. Infected crabs are sterile and internally the hepatopancreas becomes green rather than tan. Parasitized crabs were seen to groom their externae as 'berried' females groom their egg masses.  相似文献   

14.
本研究分析不同水域中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)可食率和滋味差异,以期为挖掘消费者不同偏好性的内在原因提供参考。选取阳澄湖、固城湖、太湖和兴化大闸蟹为研究对象,测定可食率、整体滋味轮廓、滋味相关指标。结果显示,太湖蟹可食率最高,雄蟹为(33.08±0.31)%,雌蟹为(37.65±1.09)%;在整体滋味轮廓方面,阳澄湖、固城湖蟹相似,甜味强度较高,而太湖、兴化蟹相似,鲜味强度更高,但苦涩味强度也较高;在游离氨基酸组成和含量方面,阳澄湖蟹可食部位、雄蟹蟹肉、雌蟹蟹肉、蟹黄中的甜味氨基酸含量最高,分别为(676.65±1.30)、(899.00±2.88)、(950.34±4.78)和(309.86±0.73) mg/100 g,太湖蟹可食部位、雄蟹蟹肉的鲜味氨基酸含量最高,分别为(98.06±4.07)和(123.76±6.72) mg/100 g,且太湖蟹可食部位、雄蟹蟹肉味精当量值(EUC)也最高,分别为(11.62±0.66)和(15.29±2.58) g MSG/100 g;总游离脂肪酸中,湖泊养殖阳澄湖蟹、固城湖蟹、太湖蟹要高于池塘养殖兴化蟹。研究表明,不同养殖水域的大闸蟹可食率和滋味存在一定差异,太湖蟹可食率最高;阳澄湖蟹整体甜味属性最强,而太湖蟹整体更加鲜美却伴有一定的苦涩味;鲜味特征在阳澄湖和固城湖雌蟹的蟹肉和蟹黄、太湖蟹和兴化蟹雄蟹的蟹肉和蟹膏中强度也较大。  相似文献   

15.
The nutritional values of edible gonad, hepatopancreas and muscle tissues from normal and precocious adult male Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) were investigated herein. The results showed that the average weight and meat yield (MY) of normal crabs were significantly higher than those of precocious crabs, while the hepatopancreas indexes (HSI) and gonadosomatic indexes (GSI) had no significant differences. Precocious and normal crabs had greater protein and lipid contents, respectively, and the differences were mainly reflected in gonads and hepatopancreas. While assessing the amino acid profiles, both precocious and normal crabs could be high‐quality protein sources, particularly the precocious crabs which showed higher levels of essential amino acids. In fatty acid profiling experiments, precocious crabs revealed higher EPA, ∑n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and ∑n‐3/∑n‐6 ratios than normal crabs; however, DHA and ∑n‐6 PUFA contents were considerably lower. Additionally, contents of nutritious minerals K and Ca in precocious crabs were significantly higher than those in normal crabs, while Zn and Fe were significantly lower. In short, our data indicated that precocious Chinese mitten crabs are also a nutritious food, and even in some respects their nutritional value is higher than normal crabs.  相似文献   

16.
The effects of temperature and autotomy of chelipeds on survival, growth and moulting of mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) juveniles were investigated under laboratory conditions for 60 days. Hatchery‐produced crabs with 2.0–2.3 cm internal carapace width (1.7–2.2 g body weight) at intermoult stage were exposed to one of four temperature treatments (constant 29, 32 or 35°C, or ambient [24–31°C]) or subjected to cheliped autotomy. All crabs held at 35°C had 100% mortality due to incomplete moulting during first moult. The mean survival of crabs at termination was 58%, 64% and 50% for ambient temperature, 29 and 32°C respectively. Specific growth rate (SGR) of crabs in the ambient and 29°C were comparable but significantly lower than those at 32°C. The moult interval of the crabs was significantly shorter in treatments with constant water temperature of 29 and 32°C compared with ambient temperature. The survival of crabs with intact chelipeds was comparable with those with one or two autotomized chelipeds. Crabs with intact or one autotomized chelipeds had significantly higher SGR than crabs with both chelipeds autotomized in the first moult. On the second moult, however, high SGR was observed in crabs with two chelipeds autotomized. The moult interval was significantly shorter in the autotomized crabs compared with crabs with intact chelipeds. The results suggest that the optimum water temperature for rearing Sserrata juveniles ranges from 29 to 32°C. Likewise, autotomy of chelipeds can promote moulting without adversely affecting survival of crabs.  相似文献   

17.
Mangrove crabs play a crucial role in the carbon cycle in forests by consuming large amounts of mangrove litter, which is mainly composed of cellulose. However, the detailed mechanism of cellulose digestion remains to be elucidated. We tested endogenous hepatopancreatic cellulase activity in eight species of crabs, including three mangrove sesarmid crabs (Episesarma versicolor, Perisesarma indiarum, and Episesarma palawanense) native to Thailand. Endo-??-1,4-glucanase activity was significantly higher in the enzyme extract from mangrove crabs than in that from Japanese marsh crabs. A ??-glucosidase assay revealed particularly high endo-??-1,4-glucanase activity for E. versicolor, whereas little activity was observed for the Japanese marsh crabs. In a zymogram analysis for endo-??-1,4-glucanase activity, endo-??-1,4-glucanase had a similar molecular mass (30.7?C33.1?kDa) among the mangrove crabs, whereas various sizes (44.3?C84.8?kDa) were found in Japanese crabs depending on the species. These results suggest that mangrove crabs efficiently digest cellulose endogenously.  相似文献   

18.
以不同选育品系(“江海21”“长江1号”“诺亚1号”和“申江1号”)中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)为试验对象,通过单因素方差分析、逐步判别分析和主成分分析等方法对4个品系中华绒螯蟹的形态特征进行比较分析。结果显示:(1)单因素方差分析中,各品系雌、雄个体的32项形态特征指标均不存在显著性差异(P>0.05);(2)逐步判别分析中,各品系雌、雄个体的判别准确率普遍较低,仅为40%~70%;(3)主成分散点图显示,各品系个体之间频繁交叉出现,主成分分析难以区别各品系的雌、雄成蟹个体。综合分析结果表明,中华绒螯蟹各品系之间的形态特征差异较小,难以将形态学特征作为鉴别各选育品系的特定指标。  相似文献   

19.
以三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)的幼蟹、雌性成蟹及抱卵雌蟹为研究对象,分别测定比较了野生和养殖蟹肌肉中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及肝胰腺中的胃蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶活性,旨在揭示三疣梭子蟹不同生长阶段的消化酶和SOD酶活性的变化规律,及其与生长环境之间的关系。结果表明:(1)幼蟹、成蟹和抱卵蟹的SOD酶均表现为野生蟹显著高于养殖蟹(P<0.05);野生成蟹的脂肪酶和胃蛋白酶活性亦显著高于养殖蟹,是养殖蟹的2.5倍以上。因此,养殖蟹的机体健康水平、免疫保护和抗应激能力不及野生蟹,尤以幼蟹阶段SOD酶活性最低,抗逆境力最差。(2)野生和养殖幼蟹的淀粉酶活性分别为(1.57±0.09)U.mg-1和(2.61±0.01)U.mg-1,显著高于成蟹和抱卵蟹(P<0.05);野生和养殖成蟹的胃蛋白酶活性分别为(5.83±0.45)U.mg-1和(2.77±0.10)U.mg-1,显著高于幼蟹和抱卵蟹(P<0.05),是幼蟹和抱卵蟹的2~3倍;脂肪酶活性以养殖抱卵蟹最高,野生成蟹次之;消化酶活性变化与蟹的生长阶段及食性转变相关。  相似文献   

20.
Abstract. The behaviour of crabs Portunus pelagicus infected with the rhizocephalan barnacle Sacculina granifera is examined and compared with that of normal uninfected crabs. With regard to alarm reactions, feeding and locomotion, the infected crabs behave as normal crabs. Their stance, defaecation and burying behaviour differ in that they must accommodate to the physical presence of a large body, the parasite, suspended between cephalothorax and abdomen. General body care is increased as a result of the increased epizoic fauna on the exoskeleton which develops when moulting ceases. Infected crabs with an externa resemble ovigerous females in terms of their moderate daylight activity and particularly the grooming care and attention given to the sac—a surrogate egg mass. Parasitized crabs excavate a depression and using the third walking legs (and often second and first as well) attend the externa as an ovigerous female attends her egg mass. The grooming of the externa is of equal periodicity to egg mass grooming behaviour, but is less prolonged at maximum intensity. Sac grooming behaviour begins 18 days after emergence of an externa and declines progressively if the externa is removed and the interna degenerates. In interactions with other crabs parasitized individuals initiate fewer and dominate fewer encounters than normal crabs of similar size and sex; and parasitized males, at least, are less active when with other crabs than when alone. It is concluded the parasite secretes a hormonal mimic which induces ovigerous behaviour which maximizes the survival of the parasite population.  相似文献   

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