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1.
加工方式对刀额新对虾主要过敏原免疫原性的影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
选取冻干、烘干、虾丸化以及油炸4种加工方式处理刀额新对虾,通过检测可溶性蛋白、主要过敏原含量和免疫活性的变化以及体外模拟胃液消化实验,分析加工方式对虾类过敏原免疫活性及抗酶解能力的影响。结果表明经过不同的加工处理后,分子量为35 ku左右的主要过敏原蛋白仍然存在,免疫印迹显示其免疫活性有不同程度的下降,其中虾丸化处理对免疫活性的降低程度最大,达87%,冻干处理的影响最小,仅达6.8%;而主要过敏原蛋白抗酶解能力变化不明显。结论:不同的加工方式对虾过敏原活性的降低有比较大的差异,但对于抗酶解能力影响不大。  相似文献   

2.
淡水鱼类主要过敏原的模拟肠胃液消化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用Tricine-十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(Tricine-SDS-PAGE)和免疫印迹(Western-blot)方法,通过模拟肠胃液消化实验分析淡水鱼类肌肉中主要过敏原小清蛋白(parvalbumin,PV)的消化特性。Tricine-SDS-PAGE结果显示,纯化的鲫、鲢PV在模拟胃液消化实验中反应5~30min明显分解,而在模拟肠液消化实验中4h仍未见明显分解。鲫、鲢肌浆蛋白在模拟胃液消化实验中,肌浆蛋白中的PV比纯化PV的分解时间明显延长,消化30~60min仍未被完全分解,而其它肌浆蛋白消化10~30min就完全分解。采用抗PV多克隆抗体的Western-blot显示,该抗体能特异识别PV及其降解产物。研究结果表明,淡水鱼类PV相对于非过敏蛋白具有较高的消化稳定性,而胃蛋白酶能较好地分解该过敏原。  相似文献   

3.
为探讨以甘露糖为还原糖进行美拉德反应对小清蛋白免疫活性的影响,通过将鲢重组小清蛋白(r PV)和甘露糖混合物在干热条件下(100°C)反应100 min制得糖化的r PV(Mr PV),采用Tricine-SDS-PAGE和斑点杂交(Dot-blotting)分析糖化前后r PV的聚合特性、免疫活性及消化稳定性的变化;采用圆二色谱仪和扫描电子显微镜分析糖化对r PV的二级结构及微观结构的影响。结果显示,r PV糖化后形成大分子量的片状聚集体;甘露糖糖化修饰的r PV免疫活性及消化稳定性均显著下降;美拉德反应导致r PV二级结构中的α-螺旋和无规则卷曲的含量有一定程度的减少,而β-折叠的含量显著增加。研究表明,以甘露糖为还原糖进行美拉德反应可有效降低r PV的免疫活性及消化稳定性,这可能与糖化后r PV聚集体的形成及二级结构的改变有关。  相似文献   

4.
亚硫酸盐(以SO_2残留量计)超标是目前影响虾类及其制品质量安全的主要因素之一。本文研究了水煮、蒸、微波烘烤、油炸、风干等加工方式对海水虾中二氧化硫(SO_2)残留量的影响。结果显示,水煮、蒸、微波烘烤和油炸等加工方式可有效降低虾肉中SO_2残留量,降低效果从高到低依次为水煮、蒸、微波烘烤和油炸。在风干过程中,虾肉中SO_2残留量呈先升高后降低的趋势,温度越高,对SO_2的脱除效果越好。在20℃、40℃、60℃、80℃条件下风干加工虾米,当水分含量达到成品要求时,虾米中SO_2残留率分别为132.00%、146.70%、78.25%和48.90%。常温风干方式不利于海米中SO_2消除。脱壳处理可有效降低虾米和烤虾中SO_2残留量。本研究结果将为海水虾中SO_2残留量的控制和限量指标制定提供科学依据,对消费者和生产者利用加工手段降低海水虾中SO_2残留量也具有借鉴意义。  相似文献   

5.
黄天娇  王梦梦  高永艳  卢瑛 《水产学报》2019,43(11):2424-2430
本研究选用水煮、油炸和红烧3种烹饪方式分别处理凡纳滨对虾,并且对烹饪后的虾肉进行体外模拟唾—胃—肠液连续消化,以调查烹饪处理后过敏原原肌球蛋白的免疫活性变化状况。采用电泳、免疫印迹和间接ELISA方法评价样品中主要过敏原原肌球蛋白的变化情况。SDS-PAGE结果显示,3种烹饪处理虾肉样品中TM条带无明显变化,表明TM在烹饪处理时基本不发生降解;免疫印迹和间接ELISA结果显示,水煮、油炸和红烧3种烹饪处理虾肉中TM免疫活性分别降低2.08%、11.33%、15.56%;而烹饪后虾肉的体外模拟消化产物的免疫活性丢失显著,水煮、油炸和红烧处理的免疫活性分别下降86.90%、88.94%、97.39%。研究表明,虾类TM免疫活性的降低主要发生在肠液消化阶段,3种方式烹饪处理能够使TM免疫活性降低,并且红烧处理可明显降低TM的免疫活性。本实验为过敏原消减机制的研究和低致敏性水产品的开发提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

6.
亚硫酸盐(以SO_2残留量计)超标是目前影响虾类及其制品质量安全的主要因素之一。本文研究了水煮、蒸、微波烘烤、油炸、风干等加工方式对海水虾中二氧化硫(SO_2)残留量的影响。结果显示,水煮、蒸、微波烘烤和油炸等加工方式可有效降低虾肉中SO_2残留量,降低效果从高到低依次为水煮、蒸、微波烘烤和油炸。在风干过程中,虾肉中SO_2残留量呈先升高后降低的趋势,温度越高,对SO_2的脱除效果越好。在20℃、40℃、60℃、80℃条件下风干加工虾米,当水分含量达到成品要求时,虾米中SO_2残留率分别为132.00%、146.70%、78.25%和48.90%。常温风干方式不利于海米中SO_2消除。脱壳处理可有效降低虾米和烤虾中SO_2残留量。本研究结果将为海水虾中SO_2残留量的控制和限量指标制定提供科学依据,对消费者和生产者利用加工手段降低海水虾中SO_2残留量也具有借鉴意义。  相似文献   

7.
为了探讨不同加工方式对皱纹盘鲍制品消化特性的影响,分析了生鲜、煮制、罐制和干制4种方式对鲍鱼肌肉蛋白在消化酶作用下的分解情况。利用模拟胃肠液消化及SDS-PAGE比较分析不同加工方式对鲍鱼肌肉消化特性的影响,并通过扫描电镜观察4种加工方式下鲍鱼肌肉组织微观结构的差异。结果显示,与生鲜鲍鱼相比,经煮制的鲍鱼较易被消化,罐制加工产品最易被消化,而干制鲍鱼最难被消化。不同加工方式对鲍鱼肌肉的组织结构有较大影响。进一步对不同皱纹盘鲍制品模拟胃肠液消化终产物的生物活性进行研究,发现它们对血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)的抑制活性(IC50)依次为罐制(464.2μg/m L)干制(665.4μg/m L)煮制(775.7μg/m L)生鲜(803.9μg/m L)。研究表明,不同加工方式对鲍鱼制品在机体内的消化特性及产物对ACE抑制活性存在差异,为优化鲍鱼制品生产加工提供了一定的参考。  相似文献   

8.
不同热加工方式对刀额新对虾过敏原活性的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
选取煮(100 ℃)、蒸(100 ℃)、高压(121 ℃,0.1 MPa)这3种常见热加工方法,分别处理刀额新对虾不同的时间,通过检测总可溶性蛋白、主要过敏原含量和免疫活性的变化,分析3种热加工方式对虾类过敏原免疫活性的影响,并通过质地剖面分析,研究虾肉经过处理后组织结构的变化。经过3种热处理后,分子量为36 ku的主要过敏原蛋白仍然存在,免疫印迹的结果显示其免疫活性有不同程度的下降,高压对免疫活性的降低程度最大,30 min时免疫活性降低了97%;在25~35 ku区域出现一条新的IgE结合蛋白。质构分析结果显示,经过高压热处理后,虾肉的硬度和咀嚼度都有很大程度的降低,口感变差。结果表明:热高压处理在降低虾过敏活性的同时,对其口感也有一定的影响,有必要通过优化高温高压处理工艺,在保持虾口感及营养的基础上,降低其过敏活性。  相似文献   

9.
鲢鳙鱼几种方便食品的加工   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
王兴礼 《科学养鱼》2005,(12):70-70
为了提高鲢、鳙鱼产品的附加值,取得更好的经济效益,本文介绍几种方便食品的加工,供同行参考。一、整鱼软包装制品的加工将500克左右的鲢、鳙鱼,经腌渍、油炸、调味后,可生产出味道鲜美,食用方便的优质食品,为鲢、鳙鱼资源的开发利用、提高商品价值开辟一条新途径。1.产品配方鲢鱼或鳙鱼500克、精盐20克、料酒25克、麻油15克、味精5克、葱结25克、姜丝15克、白醋15克、猪油20克、白胡椒粉2克。2.工艺流程原料→选料→宰杀→腌渍→油炸→装袋→真空封口→杀菌→冷却→检验→成品。3.操作要点(1)选料、宰杀选500克左右的新鲜鲢、鳙鱼,宰杀后“…  相似文献   

10.
日本鳗鲡胶原蛋白和小清蛋白的过敏原性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以日本鳗鲡皮与肌肉组织为研究对象,采用碱溶、酸溶、盐析、冻干等方法纯化得到胶原蛋白,采用加热、饱和硫酸铵分级盐析、DEAE-Sepharose阴离子交换层析等方法纯化得到两种亚型的小清蛋白(PV-Ⅰ和PV-Ⅱ),纯化的目标蛋白经动物特异性抗体的免疫印迹实验确证。酶联免疫吸附测定和免疫印迹分析结果显示,纯化的胶原蛋白和小清蛋白分别与鱼类过敏患者阳性血清发生特异性反应,且二者之间无免疫交叉反应。体外模拟胃液消化实验和SDS-PAGE分析结果显示,胶原蛋白和小清蛋白均具有较高的消化稳定性。结果提示,日本鳗胶原蛋白和小清蛋白具有较高的消化稳定性和免疫原性,二者可引发不同患者的IgE介导特异性超敏反应。  相似文献   

11.
ABSTRACT

Five types of aquatic food industry waste products (carp offal, carp roe, fish frames, trout offal and surimi processing waste) together with fish meal were evaluated for their suitability as potential fish meal replacements, partially or wholly, in diets for three species (rainbow trout, Murray cod and shortfin eel) cultured in Australia, using a number of criteria.

The proximate composition of the ingredients on a dry matter basis including protein content, lipid and ash, varied considerably. The essential amino acid (EAA) contents of the waste products and fish meal decreased in the order: carp roe > fish meal > carp offal > ‘surimi’ processing waste > fish frames > trout offal. The results of cluster analysis of A/E ratios of waste products and fish whole body fell within three clusters. The EAAI of whole body tissue of Murray cod, rainbow trout and Australian shortfin eel however, were closest to fish meal, followed by fish frame waste and/or ‘surimi’ waste. The results on A/E ratios and EAAI did not conform to the raw data on TAA and EAA. Therefore, the study emphasizes the need to have a multi-prong approach to determine the suitability of ingredients for incorporation into fish feeds.  相似文献   

12.
朱亚军  叶韬  王云  林琳  陆剑锋 《水产学报》2021,45(7):1140-1150
圆苞车前子壳粉(psyllium husk powder, PHP)是一种富含膳食纤维的食品亲水胶体。为了解其在鱼糜制品中的作用,本实验以冷冻鲢鱼糜为研究对象,以凝胶强度和持水性(water holding capacity, WHC)为考察指标,研究了PHP的添加量、凝胶化温度和凝胶化时间3个因素对鱼糜凝胶特性的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,进行了三因素三水平的正交试验和验证试验。正交试验结果得到最佳工艺条件:PHP添加量0.1%,凝胶化温度45°C,凝胶化时间2 h。单因素试验结果表明,添加适量PHP (0.1%~0.3%)能够增加鱼糜凝胶的硬度和WHC,但对破断距离有不利影响;根据验证试验中蒸煮损失率、SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE)和扫描电镜(scanning electron microscopy, SEM)分析,PHP的添加降低了较高凝胶化温度时凝胶的蒸煮损失,PHP或许可以促进肌球蛋白重链(myosin heavy chain, MHC)分子间交联,减缓蛋白质降解,形成更加致密的凝胶结构。本研究对PHP作为一种新型食品原料应用于开发优质健康鱼糜制品进行了初步的探究,以期为丰富亲水胶在影响鱼糜凝胶特性中的应用研究提供一定的参考。  相似文献   

13.
Textural property of surimi products is a prime factor in determining the acceptability of consumer as well as market value. Gelatin is one of the most popular biopolymers widely used in food industry as gelling agent with the unique textural properties. Therefore, the addition of gelatin along with the use of protein cross-linkers could be a means to modify the texture of surimi gel, which can fit the demand of consumers. Surimi from the threadfin bream (Nemipterus bleekeri) was added with bovine gelatin (BG) and bovine/fish gelatin mix (BFGM; 1:1, 2:1, 1:2, 4:1, and 1:4) at 10% protein substitution in combination with and without microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at 1.2 units/g surimi. Textural properties, whiteness, expressible moisture content, protein pattern, and microstructure and sensory properties of gels were determined. When MTGase at 1.2 units/g surimi was incorporated, the increases in breaking force and deformation were noticeable in both surimi gels, with and without 10% BG added ( p < 0.05). On the other hand, surimi gels added with BFGM at all bovine/fish gelatin ratios had the higher breaking force and deformation, compared with that added with BG, when MTGase was incorporated. Addition of BG or BFGM lowered the expressible moisture content and whiteness of surimi gel ( p < 0.05). Based on SDS-PAGE, band intensity of myosin heavy chain and actin of surimi gel decreased when surimi gel was added with all gelatins, regardless of MTGase addition. The microstructure study revealed that surimi gel network became finer and denser with the addition of MTGase (1.2 units/g surimi), but the coarser and irregular structure was obtained when gelatin was incorporated. Gelatin, especially bovine/fish gelatin mix, at an appropriate level could be used as the protein additive in surumi gel in conjunction with MTGase in order to improve the textural and nutritive properties of the products.  相似文献   

14.
Imitation crab meat, first developed in Japan, is very popular in restaurants in Paris, appearing as “surimi” on the menu. Today, more than 300,000 tons of imitation crab meat are produced in modern imitation crab meat plants in North America, Europe, and Russia, and the term “surimi” has gained acceptance internationally. The term “surimi” originally referred to frozen surimi, an intermediate material for fish paste products. Frozen surimi was developed from walleye pollock, in Japan, in 1959, marking the beginning of the use of intermediate material for aquatic food products. As intermediate food materials such as wheat flour and starch paved the way for the modernization of the agricultural food industry and the industrialized production of agricultural food, so the development of frozen surimi made worldwide production of imitation crab meat possible, and paved the way for the modernization of the aquatic food industry and the industrialized production of aquatic food based on the results of chemical and technical research. Two major developments, namely frozen surimi and imitation crab meat, promoted the use of walleye pollock and led to innovation in aquatic food production technology.  相似文献   

15.
In this study, gelation characteristics of bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) protein isolates prepared by pH shift processing were investigated as compared with those of surimi prepared by conventional wash processing. Results showed that the gel from alkali-aided protein isolate exhibited a higher breaking force than that from conventional washed surimi (p < 0.05). However, the gel from conventional washed surimi had higher whiteness (p < 0.05) and lower expressible moisture (p < 0.05). The rheological study showed that protein isolates exhibited different storage modulus and loss tangent patterns from conventional washed surimi during heating. Acid-aided processing could lead to higher denaturation and dissociation for fish muscle myosin and a coarser gel network from the sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) pattern and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Overall, there is a potential to apply pH shift processing, especially alkali-aided processing, to extract more proteins from bighead carp muscle for the production of surimi-based food.  相似文献   

16.
周瑜  陈舜胜 《水产学报》2022,46(12):2452-2466
上海熏鱼是以青鱼或草鱼为原料,经过浸渍和油爆过程制作出的传统中式菜肴。为解决青鱼养殖量下降和草鱼肌间刺多、土腥味重的问题,弥补加工上海熏鱼的不足,以大口黑鲈替代草鱼制作上海熏鱼,采用单因素试验设计和正交试验设计改良上海熏鱼的加工工艺,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法(SPME-GC-MS)分别测定油爆后的上海熏鱼、用不含香辛料的油爆后浸渍液处理的上海熏鱼及上海熏鱼成品中的挥发性风味活性物质,通过GC-MS的定性定量分析得出上海熏鱼的主要风味化合物,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定呈味核苷酸。结果表明,优化工艺参数为油爆时间6 min,油爆后浸渍液中酱油∶白砂糖=4∶3(鱼块质量的20%∶15%)。3个样品中的挥发性化合物分别有37、47和55种,其中醛酮类、醇类、烃类、芳香类和含氮含硫类物质是上海熏鱼的主要风味化合物。肌苷酸是主要鲜味核苷酸。研究表明,高温油爆过程中发生的美拉德反应、热降解、脂肪酸氧化有助于去除鱼腥味,形成上海熏鱼的特色风味。浸渍和油爆是提高鱼肉制品品质的优良加工工艺。  相似文献   

17.
水产品自身带有或贮运期间污染的微生物是导致其腐败变质的主因。为减少微生物对水产品品质影响,延长其货架期,减菌化前处理是减少其加工贮藏过程中微生物污染的关键技术。本文在分析比较水产品常用减菌化处理水的作用机理与主要特点的基础上,重点介绍了臭氧水在水产品杀菌保鲜中的应用研究进展,提出其存在问题与解决办法,阐明将臭氧水与流化冰、气调保鲜及其他保鲜处理技术相结合的优势,并对臭氧水在水产品贮藏加工中的应用前景予以展望。  相似文献   

18.
ABSTRACT

Fish and seafood are food products of high commercial value but with short shelf life. The objective of this article is to review the available packaging techniques and their applications on fish products, focusing on research and latest innovations. Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) has been investigated for the selection of optimum packaging conditions for different fish products. Recent innovations include the combined application of MAP with other preservative factors, such as minimal processing or the addition of antioxidant and/or antimicrobial compounds. Smart packaging, including active packaging and quality control and monitoring systems (gas and moisture control, antimicrobial/antioxidant packaging, smart labels) and edible films and coatings are innovative packaging technologies, which may result in higher quality and extended shelf life of perishable food. The market for active and intelligent packaging methods is anticipated to rise significantly in the near future with their integration into fish packaging.  相似文献   

19.
不同开口饵料对克氏原螯虾幼虾发育及消化酶活性的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
实验采用丰年虫无节幼体、草鱼鱼糜、水蚯蚓、1号人工配合饲料和2号人工配合饲料为克氏原螯虾的开口饵料,观察幼虾存活率和生长情况。经过40d的培育,对幼虾的胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活力进行测定。结果表明:投喂丰年虫无节幼体的实验组幼虾存活率最高,为75,增重率和增长率也最大,分别为4746.00和171.00。幼虾的胃蛋白酶活性与投喂的饵料密切相关,投喂丰年虫无节幼体组幼虾的胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶活性分别为2.18U/mgprot和0.96U/mgprot,极显著高于投喂草鱼鱼糜实验组。实验的5种开口饵料中,丰年虫无节幼体是克氏原螯虾幼虾的最佳开口饵料。摄食丰年虫无节幼体可能提高了主要消化酶的活性,从而促进了克氏原螯虾幼体的生长。  相似文献   

20.
The biochemical and gel properties of Pacific sardine and Pacific mackerel were characterized as affected by preparation and cooking methods. Four to eight times more salt soluble proteins were extracted from water-washed paste than fish protein isolate (FPI) paste. Higher total sulfhydryl content was measured in FPI, indicating the exposure of sulfhydryl groups during alkaline extraction. Comparing gel properties based on two cooking methods (slow and fast), the two pelagic fish proteins performed quite differently. Heating rate did not differentiate between surimi and FPI gels from sardine. However, mackerel exhibited higher texture values when using the fast cooking method, indicating the presence of high levels of proteolytic enzymes. Water-washed surimi gels were whiter than FPI for both species. Water retention ability appeared to be higher with mackerel than sardine, regardless of isolation and cooking method. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel eletrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) also supported a difference in processing chemistry and thermal behavior between two methods for protein isolation and cooking, respectively.  相似文献   

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