游离异亮氨酸对鲫的促生长作用

分别采用菜粕和血粉为主要原料，按照鲫肌肉必需氨基酸(EAA)模式添加和倍量添加晶体异亮氨酸(Ile)配制饲料，和缺乏Ile的饲料对比进行养殖试验，测定了鱼体的生长速度和对饲料的利用效率。结果表明，菜粕饲料中添加游离Ile对鲫生长没有明显促进作用，也没有提高饲料效率，但在血粉饲料中的添加显示了明显的促生长效果，饲料效率也获得提高。     

几种抗病促生长剂对银鲫生长和免疫力的影响

在基础饲料中分别添加喹乙醇、万能肥素、大蒜、螺旋藻、刺五加、黄芪，研究这几种抗病促生长剂对银鲫生长和免疫力的影响。结果表明，喹乙醇组和螺旋藻组在6周内增重率分别比对照且提高了6.06%和8.91%，饲料效率比对照组提高了5.76%和8.46%；饲养16周后，螺旋藻组增重率和饲料效率分别比对银鲫血清溶菌酶活性、SOD酶活性具有显著的促进作用，而喹乙醇、万能肥素具有一定免疫抑制作用但不显著。螺旋藻是理想的抗病促生长剂。     

中草药免疫增强剂对仔猪的影响

介绍了由数种中草药组方配置的免疫增强剂型中草饲料添加剂对仔猪免疫的影响。试验选用200头28日龄仔猪,设置一个空白组,三个对照试验组,对照组分别于日粮中添加1%、1.5%及2%免疫增强剂,每试验组设置5重复,每重复10头仔猪。试验结果显示:饲料中添加中草药免疫添加剂组其各项免疫指标均显著(P0.05)高于对照组,1.5%添加组显著(P0.05)高于1%添加组,但是与2%添加组差异不显著(P0.05)。这说明该中草药免疫增强剂对于提高仔猪免疫能力是有效的,并且在仔猪日粮中添加1.5%中草药免疫增强剂即有较好效果。     

中草药免疫增强剂的研究现状及其在水产上的应用

中草药 (Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅｈｅｒｂａｌｍｅｄｉｃｉｎｅ)用于强健机体、增强免疫功能在我国有古老的历史 ,并且随着历史的发展 ,长期的临床经验积累了大量的具有调节机体免疫力的单方和复方中药 ,这种源于历史和自然的物质省时省效 ,而且由于中药含有多种有效成分 ,它的作用是多方面的 ,可以产生多种药理功效 ,运用得当 ,事半功倍。近几年来人们将现代科学技术与之结合进行了一系列应用于人畜的研究 ,尤其是在国内外“自然回归”热的推动下 ,取得了很大的进步与发展。人们通过对中草药的药理分析和各种实验结果等大量资料进一步证明 ,许多中…     

复方中草药对彭泽鲫促生长作用的研究

用0 5%、1 0%和1 5%3种质量分数的复方中草药添加于彭泽鲫的基础日粮中,以研究其促生长效能及其最佳添加量。结果表明:复方中草药以1 0%、1 5%配比能显著增强彭泽鲫的生长性能(P<0 05),试验组和对照组的相对增重率分别为106 39%、117 41%、113 73%和98 54%,饲料系数比对照组分别提高了5 29%、13 66%和12 33%。本复方中草药的最佳添加量为1 0%。     

喹赛多对鲤、银鲫生长的影响

当饵料中添加50～400mg／kg的喹赛多时,鲤经77d的饲养,其生长速度与空白对照组和喹乙醇100mg/kg组相比均有显著或极显著差异;银鲫经119d的饲养,其生长速度与空白对照组和喹乙醇100mg/kg组相比均有显著差异。表明饵料中添加50mg／kg的喹赛多时,即可达到很好的促生长效果。在0～42d,鲤的日增重率显著地高于对照组,而银鲫只在0～14d时显著地高于对照组,说明在鲤、银鲫的整个养殖生产阶段可以不用全程添加喹赛多。     

中草药免疫增强剂在水产上的开发应用

鱼病的发生是机体本身、病原体和水环境3者相互作用的结果。鱼体是否生病，除了环境条件、病原体毒力、数量、入侵途径等条件外。主要还取决于鱼体本身，即鱼体免疫力的强弱。利用免疫增强剂来提高鱼类机体免疫力，对预防疾病的发生有十分重要的作用。因此，近年来，不少水产工作者已将目光移向水产免疫     

免疫增强剂对猪瘟疫苗免疫效果的研究

猪瘟(Classical swine fever,CSF)是一种高度接触性传染病,世界各地已经投入了巨大的财力、物力和人力对猪瘟病毒进行研究,并已取得了巨大的成就,但是临床上由于各种原因的综合影响,常常仍有猪瘟发生。免疫失败是引发猪瘟的一个重要的因素。提高猪群猪瘟免疫水平,是防控猪瘟的关键手段。为此,本实验首先选取了9个猪场,采用三种免疫增强剂探讨其对猪瘟疫苗免疫效果的影响。     

中草药免疫增强剂在甲壳动物病害防控中的应用

中草药免疫增强剂具有来源广泛、价格低廉、环境污染较低等优越性,近年来已较多地应用于甲壳类养殖动物的病害防控,产生了较好的效果.本文介绍了中草药免疫增强剂多糖、甙类、生物碱类、有机酸及挥发性油类等免疫活性成分和作用机理,以及在甲壳动物上的应用.总结和分析了中草药免疫增强剂在甲壳动物病害防控中的应用情况、评价指标及目前在研制和应用中存在的主要问题和发展趋势,以期为甲壳动物免疫增强剂的研究和应用提供参考.     

微生态制剂对银鲫血清溶菌酶活性的影响

通过向水体施用一定量的微生态制剂，研究了银鲫血清溶菌酶活性的变化。结果表明，投喂微生态制剂后7d，实验组银鲫溶菌酶的活性极显著差异于投喂制剂前及对照组，在停止向水体施用微生态制剂后21d，血清溶菌酶的活性与对照组之间即无显著差异。     

异育银鲫的人工繁殖

介绍了异育银卿亲鱼的选择和培育、繁殖期的掌握、催产剂的注射、人工授精方法及脱粘、孵化技术。在人工繁殖过程中可能会遇到注射催产剂后不产卵和水霉菌的侵袭，提出了预防和治疗措施。     

Short‐term Effects of Genistein on the Reproductive Characteristics of Male Gibel Carp,Carassius auratus gibelio

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of genistein or 17β‐estradiol (E2) on the reproductive physiology in male gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio. Maturing male gibel carp received intraperitoneal injections of E2 (10 µg/g body weight), one of two genistein doses (5 µg/g body weight, G5, or 50 µg/g body weight, G50), or the injection vehicle every other day for 10 d. Disruptions in reproductive capacity were determined by measuring indices of sperm quality, plasma metabolites and sex steroids, histological analyses of testes, fertilization rate, and offspring viability. E2 and genistein treatment reduced gonadosomatic index and milt volume, while reduction in spermatozoa concentration and spermatocrit occurred only in E2 and G50‐treated males. Histological examination of the testes indicates that E2 and genistein inhibited reproductive capacity through disruption of the spermatogenesis in males. Genistein reduced fertilization rate and offspring viability at 6 d after hatch (d.a.h.). Plasma testosterone and E2 decreased and increased, respectively, with E2 and G50 treatment. E2 and G50 treatment altered plasma metabolite phosphorus, calcium, cholesterol, and triglyceride. These findings indicate that genistein can negatively affect reproductive capacity in male gibel carp, suggesting that high dietary genistein may impair gonad development.     

异育银鲫规模化人工繁殖技术

介绍了异育银鲫规模化人工繁殖技术中亲本选择与培育、催产、授(受)精、孵化的具体要求。选择亲本时要剔除雄性鲫，也不要把其它鲫误认为银鲫；催产季节要勤于观察鱼情，防止大批流产；亲鱼产卵结束后应及时把鱼巢移走，以免干坏鱼卵。     

外源核苷酸对异育银鲫幼鱼非特异性免疫的影响

以异育银鲫幼鱼为试验对象,研究不同水平外源核苷酸对其非特异性免疫的影响.试验分为4组,在基础饲料中分别添加0.0%(空白组)、0.02%、0.05%和0.10%的外源核苷酸,每组设3个的重复,每个重复40尾鱼.试验鱼体初始体重为1.03 g左右,每天饱食投喂2次,试验时间70 d.试验结束分别测定了添加0.0%、0.02%、0.05%和0.10%外源核苷酸的各组非特异性免疫指标.头肾指数分别为0.30%±0.01%、0.41%±0.01%、0.51%±0.02%和0.47%±0.01%;脾脏指数分别为0.23%±0.01%、0.31%±0.02%、0.37%±0.01%和0.37%±0.03%;白细胞数目分别为(4.74±0.71)×1011个/mL、(6.32±0.18)×1011个/mL、(6.56±0.12)×1011个/mL和(6.74±0.32)×1011个/mL;吞噬百分比分别为76.67%±2.03%、85.67%±1.33%、83.67%±3.48%和79.00%±2.00%;吞噬指数分别为(2.58±0.34)、(2.99±0.11)、(3.93±0.11)和(3.21±0.17);溶菌酶活力分别为(0.33±0.01)、(0.42±0.01)、(0.39±0.01)和(0.38±0.01).结果表明,在异育银鲫幼鱼日粮中添加0.05%外源核苷酸能够显著提高其机体的非特异性免疫功能(P＜0.05).     

热应激对银鲫生化指标和HSP70 mRNA表达的影响

本研究旨在探讨热应激对银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)生化指标及肝脏HSP70 mRNA表达的影响,选取平均体重为(72.8±10.1) g的银鲫,分别在热应激前(25℃,对照组)、热应激后(32℃,0 h、2 h、6 h、10 h)和恢复适温后6 h (25℃,恢复组)的条件下,测定机体血浆乳酸(LD)、血浆葡萄糖(Glu)、肝糖原(Gly)、己糖激酶(HK)、丙酮酸激酶(PK)和肝脏HSP70 mRNA表达量变化。研究表明,实验组乳酸含量从热应激开始至恢复期,差异始终不显著(P>0.05);实验组血浆葡萄糖水平在热应激后0 h、2 h、6 h,极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);实验组肝糖原水平在热应激0 h时,极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),其余时间点差异不显著(P>0.05);己糖激酶活力在热应激后2 h,显著高于对照组(P>0.05);丙酮酸激酶活力在热应激后6 h,极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);热应激后2 h,肝脏中HSP70 mRNA表达量达到最高(P<0.01),恢复至适温后,表达量与应激前无差异(P>0.05)。本研究为进一步探究银鲫的高温应激作用机制及调控机理提供参考数据,同时,也为银鲫养殖和育种等生产实践提供相应参考依据。     

Effects of Bacillus coagulans on Growth Performance,Disease Resistance,and HSP70 Gene Expression in Juvenile Gibel Carp,Carassius auratus gibelio

We studied the effects of Bacillus coagulans on growth, nonspecific immune parameters, and disease resistance in juvenile gibel carp. The fish were randomly divided into five groups: a control group fed a basic diet and four treated groups fed the basic diet supplemented with 125, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg B. coagulans, respectively, for 8 wk. Growth; plasma lysozyme activity; respiratory burst activity of phagocytes (RBAP); and the activity of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and antioxidant enzymes were determined. The group that received 250 mg/kg B. coagulans showed an improved protein efficiency ratio, plasma lysozyme activity, superoxide dismutase, and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity and heat shock protein (HSP70) gene expression compared with the control group. Moreover, the 250 mg/kg B. coagulans group had a reduced feeding rate, feed conversion ratio, and plasma malondialdehyde content compared with the control group. The weight gain rate, protein efficiency ratio, plasma lysozyme, RBAP, TNF‐α, and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity and HSP70 gene expression were significantly increased, whereas the feed conversion ratio was significantly reduced, in the group supplemented with 500 mg/kg B. coagulans compared with the control. Artificial infection with Aeromonas hydrophila revealed a cumulative mortality in the control group that was higher than that in the 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg B. coagulans groups. The results suggest that feed supplementation with 250–500 mg/kg B. coagulans has the potential to stimulate immunity, increase resistance against pathogenic infection, and promote growth in gibel carp.     

饥饿和恢复投喂对异育银鲫生长和卵巢发育相关指标的影响

对异育银鲫进行饥饿2周后恢复投喂处理,分析体质量(107.2±7.0)g的异育银鲫的生长率及卵巢发育相关指标的变化.结果表明,饥饿处理2周后,异育银鲫恢复投喂2周,特定生长率显著高于投喂组,体质量增长接近正常投喂组,出现完全补偿生长.在饥饿过程中,卵巢发育相关指标性腺成熟系数、肝体指数、血清磷含量、血清钙含量均呈下降趋势.饥饿1周,性腺成熟系数显著低于投喂组水平;饥饿2周,肝体指数血清磷、血清钙含量和血清钙含量均极显著低于投喂组水平.恢复投喂后,4项指标均有一定程度的恢复,仍显著低于投喂组水平.说明异育银鲫饥饿2周后恢复投喂2周,其卵巢发育的恢复滞后于身体的生长.     

中草药对鲫鱼诱食作用的初步研究

根据中草药药理设计制成6种复合试剂，以鲫鱼为对象进行诱食活性试验，用cne-way ANOVA检验统计分析。6种中草药复合试剂对鲫鱼都有极显著的诱食效果。诱食效果不但显著，而且持续时间长。     

Effects of Neutral Phytase Supplementation on Biochemical Parameters in Grass Carp,Ctenopharyngodon idellus,and Gibel Carp,Carassius auratus gibelio,Fed Different Levels of Monocalcium Phosphate

Two 8‐wk studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of neutral phytase supplementation on hemato‐biochemical status, liver biochemical parameter, and intestinal digestive enzyme activity of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, and gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio, fed with different levels of monocalcium phosphate (MCP). The control diet was prepared with 2% MCP but without phytase (P2.0). The other three experimental diets were prepared with the addition of 1.5, 1.0, and 0.5% MCP, respectively, when supplemented with 500 U/kg neutral phytase in each diet and designated as PP1.5, PP1.0, and PP0.5, respectively. The results indicated that the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities, as well as the albumin (ALB) content were increased in grass carp (P < 0.05) and gibel carp (P > 0.05) fed with phytase‐supplemented diets. Meanwhile, the serum cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein, and total protein contents of the two species of fish were increased in comparison to the control. In addition, dietary phytase inclusion did not significantly affect hepatic ALP, ALT, and AST activities in the two species of carp fed with different levels of MCP. Amylase activity increased in foregut and hindgut of both species when fed with the phytase‐supplemented diets while lipase activity was reduced in the foregut and hindgut in both fish. This study suggests that neutral phytase supplementation increases serum ALP, ALT, and AST activities but does not notably affect these enzyme activities in the liver of the two species of carp when fed different levels of MCP. On the other hand, amylase activity increased while lipase activity was reduced in the intestine of the species of carp fed with phytase‐supplemented diets.