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1.
取体长分别为 3和 5 cm 栉孔扇贝(Chlymys farreri)置室内水泥池流水暂养 1周后进行实验。结果表明,栉孔扇贝 96 h的半致死温度为 27~28℃,导致其耗氧率突然升高和滤水率急剧下降的温度为 26℃,体内淀粉酶活性下降的温度为27℃。因此确定,栉孔扇贝的适宜极限高温为27℃。在水温27℃持续96 h后,扇贝呼吸量迅速增大,随后减弱,摄食和消化能力逐渐降低;在 27℃持续 5 d,死亡率为 50%, 7 d时全部死亡;在相同温度下,个体小的较个体大的耐高温程度要强一些。  相似文献   

2.
低温对栉孔扇贝能量收支的影响   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8       下载免费PDF全文
研究低温下栉孔扇贝 (Chlamysfarreri)摄食、呼吸代谢、排泄及能量分配情况 ,为栉孔扇贝的反季节养殖提供生物学依据。在实验室条件下采用静水法 ,测定 3、5和 8℃时栉孔扇贝的能量收支。结果显示 ,在 3~ 8℃时 ,栉孔扇贝的耗氧率、排氨率、摄食率及生长率 (净生长率、毛生长率 )随温度的升高而增大 ;3℃时 ,栉孔扇贝虽然能摄食 ,但是生长率却很低 ;温度对能量分配影响较大 ,生长、排泄分配率随温度的升高而增大 ,呼吸、排粪的分配率与温度呈负相关。在能量收支方程中 ,生长能所占比例变化较大 ,为 17.61%~ 5 3 .2 7% ,代谢能为 2 1.4 8%~3 5 .91% ,排粪能为 2 2 .5 2 %~ 4 5 .99% ,排泄能所占的比例最小 ,低于 3 %。  相似文献   

3.
栉孔扇贝的滤食率与同化率   总被引:18,自引:2,他引:16       下载免费PDF全文
自青岛近海扇贝养殖区取栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)暂养2周,壳长达25.01~73.92 mm.实验前停食24 h,实验温度梯度为8、13、18、23、28℃,其间投喂不同密度的小球藻(Chlorella spp.),静态实验.结果显示,栉孔扇贝的滤食率与温度和体重成正比,且与体重呈幂函数关系.在实验的温度范围内栉孔扇贝滤食率为1.07~11.66 mg/(ind  相似文献   

4.
栉孔扇贝生理能量学研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在室内实验条件和现场模拟条件下对栉孔扇贝的耗氧率、排泄率、摄食率、同化率和能量收支进行了较为系统的研究。结果显示 ,在适宜的温度范围内 ,栉孔扇贝的耗氧率、排氨率和摄食率均与温度成正比 ,与体重成幂函数关系 ,体重与耗氧率、排氨率和摄食率的关系均可用幂函数关系式Y=aWb表示。在 8~ 2 8℃温度范围内栉孔扇贝的耗氧率、排氨率和摄食率均随温度的升高而增大 ,2 3℃时耗氧率和摄食率达到最高值 ,2 8℃时下降 ,而排氨率则呈持续升高的趋势 ,其变化幅度分别为 0 4 8~ 9 0 9mg/ g·h、0 0 5~ 1 0 1mg/ g·h和 1 0 7~ 11 6 6mg/ g·h。栉孔扇贝的摄食率随藻类密度的增加而增加 ,符合关系式 :IR =4 78C0 36 6 (R2 =0 97,P <0 0 5 )。栉孔扇贝的同化率与饵料密度呈负相关关系 ,而与饵料质量呈正相关关系 ,其相关关系分别为 :AE =4 7 6 5C- 0 30 9(R2 =0 96 )和AE =5 1 6 8lnX - 112 38(R2 =0 97)。栉孔扇贝的个体大小是影响能量收支各组分比例的主要因素 ,随个体增大呼吸能增大 ,生长能减小。在能量收支方程中 ,呼吸能占总摄食能的 4 4 2 %~5 1 7% ,排粪能为 31 4 %~ 36 8% ,生长能为 12 7%~ 2 1 7% ,排泄能小于 2 %。  相似文献   

5.
栉孔扇贝能量收支的研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
报道了在模拟自然条件下栉孔扇贝能量收支研究的实验结果。实验数据显示,在实验的温度范围内(8~17.2℃)栉孔扇 贝的个体耗氧率和个体排氨率随壳长的增大和水浊的升高而增大,呈下相关关系。栉孔扇贝的个体大小是影响能量收支各组分比例的主要因素。随个体的增大,扇贝的呼吸能增大,而生长能减小。在能量收支方程中,呼吸能占的比例最大(44.2%~51.7),其次是排粪能(31.4%~36.8%),第三为生长能(  相似文献   

6.
取体长分别为3和5 cm的栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)置室内水泥池流水暂养1周后,进行盐度和pH变化对其存活、呼吸、摄食及消化影响的实验.结果表明, 栉孔扇贝96 h的半致死盐度为25.在不同盐度的海水中暴露24 h的实验结果为,栉孔扇贝随盐度的降低,出现耗氧率升高,随后逐渐下降,到盐度15时不再耗氧而死亡;滤水率和淀粉酶活性随盐度降低而降低,盐度为15时完全不滤水,淀粉酶完全失去活性.小个体栉孔扇贝耐低盐能力较大个体的略大些.pH降至7.8以下时开始对栉孔扇贝的存活产生影响,降至7.6时,48 h后死亡率为35%左右;7.2时达50%;降至7.0时扇贝不能存活.大个体栉孔扇贝对海水pH变化略敏感于小个体.  相似文献   

7.
栉孔扇贝生殖活动前后的滤食和生长   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7  
在桑沟湾用模拟现场流水法对栉孔扇贝的摄食生理进行了比较研究。结果表明,栉孔扇贝在进行生殖活动前后滤水率无明显的差异,但进行生殖活动前的摄食量较大。尽管栉孔扇贝的滤水率和摄食量随着个体的增大而增加,它的吸收率却与个体大小无关。在300 ̄600ml/min的水流范围内栉孔扇贝的滤水率没有明显的变化,水流小于300ml/min时扇贝的滤水率则明显降低。根据实验数据,用计算机模拟得出了栉孔扇贝在生殖活动前  相似文献   

8.
菲律宾蛤仔和栉孔扇贝的呼吸与排泄研究   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15       下载免费PDF全文
王芳 《水产学报》1997,21(3):252-257
对菲律之后人蛤仔和栉孔扇贝的呼吸与排泄进行了实验研究。结果表明:温度和贝体重对两种贝类的耗氧率的氨排泄率都有明显的影响,且两者间存在着交互作用。菲律宾蛤仔的耗氧率(Qo,mg/g/h)和氨排泄率(QN,μg/g/h)与温度(T,℃)(W,g)存在下列关系:Qo=0.307W^-0.738 1.004^T,QN=7.841W^-0.919 0.990^T;栉孔扇贝的耗氧率和氨排泄率与温度、湿重存在下  相似文献   

9.
对栉孔扇贝长距离运输的最适条件(温度、溶氧量、氨氮、运输密度等)进行了初步的试验研究,并对长距离运输后贝体失重率、闭壳肌中的pH值、糖原、乳酸、ATP的含量变化进行探讨.试验结果显示,栉孔扇贝长距离运输的最适温度为3~5℃,此温度下持续运输时间超过8~9 d时死亡率才显著升高;运输过程中的溶氧量应保持在7 mg/L;从成本和收益上来看,运输的最佳贝水比例为1:2~1:3.经过长距离运输后,栉孔扇贝的失重率为1.78%,闭壳肌中pH值下降不明显,糖原增加127.5%,乳酸变化不大,ATP降低41.7%.  相似文献   

10.
采用静水法研究了在水温18±0.5℃、饵料密度1.0×104 cell/ml下栉孔扇贝面盘幼虫滤水率的昼夜节律;在水温24℃±0.5℃、饵料密度3.0×104 cell/ml下栉孔扇贝稚贝(壳长1.177~2.017 mm)滤水率的昼夜节律.栉孔扇贝面盘幼虫和稚贝的滤水率分别于17:00、21:00、01:00、05:00、09:00和13:00测定.栉孔扇贝面盘幼虫和稚贝的滤水率均具有明显的昼夜节律,且二者相似.在白天滤水率较低,最低值出现在09:00~13:00,幼虫为0.002 6 ml/h · ind,稚贝为0.1231 ml/h·ind;在夜间有较高的滤水率,最大值出现在凌晨21:00~01:00,幼虫达0.025 8 ml/h·ind,稚贝达0.509 6 ml/h·ind.统计分析表明,栉孔扇贝稚贝和面盘幼虫的滤水率昼夜差异显著(P<0.01).  相似文献   

11.
Anguilla luzonensis and A. huangi were each described in 2009 using eels obtained from northern Luzon Island. We examined the taxonomic status of these two groups of eels using morphological and molecular genetic characters. There were no significant differences in two vertebrae counts between eels of A. luzonensis and A. huangi. Mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome b genes sequences were obtained and compared among 28 specimens of A. luzonensis, the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi, and one specimen of the other 15 anguillid species. The specimens of A. luzonensis exhibited almost identical sequences, including the holotype, with only a few site differences, and the genetic difference between the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi was within the range of differences of specimens of A. luzonensis. The other anguillid species were genetically very different from A. luzonensis and A. huangi, although A. interioris is a closely related species. It is clear that A. luzonensis and A. huangi are the same species, and according to the principle of priority in zoological nomenclature, A. luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama, and Tsukamoto, 2009 is the valid species name, and A. huangi Teng, Lin, and Tzeng, 2009 is a junior synonym of A. luzonensis.  相似文献   

12.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of lead for different life stages of shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, and to determine the effect of its sublethal concentrations on osmoregulatory capacity (OC) as well as the possible histological alteration in the gills of juvenile shrimp. The 24‐, 48‐, and 96‐h LC50 values for lead to L. vannamei increased progressively with increasing life stage, from nauplii < zoeae < mysis < postlarvae < juvenile. After 15‐d exposure to 3.25, 6.50, and 9.75 mg Pb/L, the OC values of exposed shrimp were reduced by 39, 73, and 157%, respectively compared to control animals. Compared to controls, the lead concentrations in gill tissues increased significantly by 127,500, 137,500, and 141,000% in shrimps exposed to 3.25, 6.50, and 9.75 mg Pb/L, respectively. After lead exposure, hemocytic congestion in efferent vessels and multiple hyperplasia were observed in gill filaments, resulting in narrowed hemolymphatic lacuna. The histopathological effects increased with increasing Pb concentration.  相似文献   

13.
Mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) occur in estuarine and coastal waters surrounding Australia, Africa, India, Pakistan, China, Korea and Japan, where they are important in fisheries. This study identified that mulloway in south-eastern Australia had similar growth rates, but matured at smaller lengths and younger ages, to those in South Africa and Western Australia. Growth of both sexes was similar to about 5 years, after which females grew faster and attained a greater maximum length than males. Female mulloway matured at 4–5 years of age with a L50 of 68 cm, whereas males matured at 2–3 years of age with a L50 of 51 cm. The commercial fishery in New South Wales was characterised by declining catches and a reduction in the proportion of mulloway of mature lengths in landings. During 2002–2005 commercial landings were dominated (83%) by fish within 15 cm of the current minimum legal total length of 45 cm and aged 2 and 3 years (>80%), even though mulloway can attain lengths of 200 cm and live >30 years. Estimates of the rates of instantaneous total mortality ranged between 0.34 and 0.45, whilst the rate of instantaneous natural mortality (M) was estimated to be approximately 0.12. Yield-per-recruit analyses indicated that mulloway in New South Wales are being growth overfished and substantial increases in yield could be achieved by increasing the length at first harvest. Values of the spawning potential ratio were below 0.2 under a range of mortality estimates, suggesting that mulloway are at risk of recruitment overfishing. These results suggest that the spawning stock of mulloway in south-eastern Australia has been depleted and that remedial management action is required to protect this iconic species.  相似文献   

14.
The effects of exposing the eggs of Pacific threadfin and amberjack eggs (AEs) to different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide for 5 min on hatch rate and survival were assessed in a series of experiments using a petri dish model rearing system. Despite significant inter‐batch variation in hatch rate, it was shown that eggs of both species could be safely exposed to up to 11 340 mg L−1 H2O2 for 5 min. Exposure to 34 230 mg L−1 H2O2 for 5 min was shown to be lethal to AEs at a late stage of development. In two further experiments, it was demonstrated that Pacific threadfin eggs were resistant to all tested concentrations of a range of polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (PVP‐I) concentrations and contact times (up to 1000 mg L−1 PVP‐I for 10 min). The level of bacteria adhering to the eggs of both species was highly variable. Where eggs were heavily colonized (>104 cfu egg−1), hydrogen peroxide concentrations of at least 11 340 mg L−1, or PVP‐I concentrations higher than 500 mg L−1 for 10 min, were required for effective sterilization. In less colonized batches, rinsing in sterile seawater or exposure to lower (550 mg L−1) concentrations of H2O2 was sufficient to result in high apparent levels of surface sterility (<1 cfu egg−1).  相似文献   

15.
Mosquitofish, Gambusia sp., have been spread throughout the world to biologically control mosquitoes. However, the fish has gained a reputation as an invasive species and has been implicated in displacing native aquatic species. Gambusia affinis are native to the southeastern United States and commonly occur in commercial channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, production ponds. We investigated effects of mosquitofish presence on zooplankton populations, water quality, disease occurrence, and fish production in experimental ponds. There were no differences between ponds with or without mosquitofish in numbers of calanoid copepods, cyclopoid copepods, total copepods, Bosmina sp., Ceriodaphnia sp., Moina sp., Daphnia sp., or total cladocerans. There were also no differences in copepod and cladoceran sizes. Copepod nauplii were more numerous during the summer months in ponds with mosquitofish. There were no differences in water quality variables (soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pH) or phytoplankton density between ponds stocked with and without mosquitofish. Catfish production and disease occurrence were also similar between ponds with and without mosquitofish. Although mosquitofish may cause problems when stocked outside their native range, there does not appear to be any adverse effects of mosquitofish presence in catfish production ponds.  相似文献   

16.
对驼背鲈(Chromileptes altivelis)的胚胎发育及仔、稚、幼鱼的形态特征进行了详细的观察与研究,描述了从受精卵到仔、稚、幼鱼各发育期的时间和形态特征变化。结果表明,在水温25-26℃、盐度30的海水中,受精卵历时27 h 25 min完成整个胚胎发育过程,经历从卵裂、囊胚、原肠、神经胚到肌节形成、各器官的逐渐形成、变化、完善等一系列的胚胎发育和变化过程;根据其卵黄囊消长情况、鳞片的覆盖状态、体色发生的不同变化以及第二背鳍和腹鳍的消长,将胚后发育分为仔、稚、幼鱼3个阶段。在水温22-26℃、盐度29-31、DO≥5 mg/L的条件下,2-3 d仔鱼卵黄囊消失,开口摄食;生长发育至31 d,仔鱼已变态进入稚鱼期;培育至57 d,稚鱼完成变态,成为幼鱼。第二背鳍棘和腹鳍棘的生长与收缩等石斑鱼类早期发育的共性生长特征及其体表特性体色变化特征为驼背鲈胚后发育过程中最明显的特征。  相似文献   

17.
As an intertidal species, Apostichopus japonicus is subject to diel and seasonal temperature fluctuations. Color variation is a distinct characteristic of A. japonicus, and a new color morph, purple A. japonicus, was recently found on the coast of Rushan, Weihai City. This study was conducted to compare the performance of green, white, and purple color morphs of A. japonicus at different water temperatures to help improving aquaculture technology and management. In this study, green, white, and purple color morphs of juvenile A. japonicus (1.5 ± 0.1 g) were cultured at 10, 14, 18, 22, and 26 C for 60 d, according to the suitable temperature range for sea cucumber growth. Temperature was shown to have a significant effect on growth, energy budget, and physiology of sea cucumbers (P < 0.05). Specific growth rates, feed conversion efficiencies, and the proportion of energy allocated to growth of all three color morphs were optimal at 18 C. Activities of the enzymes related with oxidative stress, immune response, and digestion were determined. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and trypsin activities generally reached a maximum in all three color morphs at 18 C. The purple color morph of A. japonicus was higher in growth rate, food conversion efficiency, and proportion of energy allocated to growth than green and white color morphs at 18 and 22 C, consistent with its higher trypsin and SOD activity, indicating the mutual effect of growth and physiology. At 18, 22, and 26 C, the green color morph had the highest level of lysozyme activity and purple color morph had the lowest, indicating possible infection by external pathogens of green color morph, which might be caused by high temperature. These results suggested that the optimum temperature for culture of the three color morphs was approximately 18 C, the purple had a better adaption to high temperature, and the green and white color morphs may be more susceptible to thermal stress than the purple color morph.  相似文献   

18.
The effects of diets containing different levels of essential oils from savory Satureja khuzestanica Jamzad and myrtle Myrtus communis L and an immunity complement were investigated on growth, survival, nutritional indices, serum biochemistry, and hematology of farmed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, fry (n = 4500; 5 ± 2 g). The essential oils were dosed as 300 and 500 mg/kg diet. After 60 d, the fish fed 300 mg/kg of the essential oils showed the highest counts of white blood cells (P < 0.05). The same treatment revealed the greatest levels of hematocrit, total protein, and albumin, but glucose and cholesterol values significantly decreased compared with the control (P < 0.05). Feeding fish with 300 mg/kg of the essential oils led to highest records of specific growth rate and survival rate but the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR), and those fed with immunity complement attained the lowest values of growth parameters. The fry fed with immunity complement and 300 mg/kg of myrtle essential oil achieved the highest and lowest FCR values, respectively. The results indicate that dietary supplementation of 300 mg/kg of the above essential oils exert positive impacts on the growth performance, feeding efficiency, and hematological factors in O. mykiss.  相似文献   

19.
The recruitment strategy of swimming crabs, Portunus trituberculatus, was investigated by field observations and numerical experiments in Hiuchi-Nada, Japan. Calculated dispersal patterns of zoeal and megalopal stages in a three-dimensional numerical model reproduce observed patterns accurately. The temporal change of vertical migration patterns between the 1st and 2nd zoeas and the 3rd and 4th zoeas plays an important role in the process of recruitment of P. trituberculatus from spawning ground to nursery ground.  相似文献   

20.
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