三疣梭子蟹和日本对虾高效混养技术

近几年河北省沧州市三疣梭子蟹养殖规模不断扩大，养殖品种结构不断优化，其中以三疣梭子蟹与日本对虾混养技术提高了养殖水体的利用率及经济效益。但由于池塘的老化及虾病发生，池塘单养日本对虾已不可能，将日本对虾与三疣梭子蟹放在一起混养不仅减少了梭子蟹的发病率，还增加了日本对虾的成活率，在养殖三疣梭子蟹投饵量不增加的情况下，增加了日本对虾的产量，具有较好的经济效益和生态效益。     

三疣梭子蟹与日本对虾混养中虾蟹残食、病害相互传染的防控措施

三疣梭子蟹与日本对虾的混养,是潍坊市莱州湾沿海的海水养殖的主要养殖模式之一,由于受虾蟹残食、病害相互传染等因素影响,养殖产量和效益一直不理想。去年,为了拓展虾蟹养殖收益空间,重点解决虾蟹残食、虾病传染梭子蟹等问题,     

海水污染区三疣梭子蟹高产育苗技术研究

三疣梭子蟹以其优良品质，在潍坊市已取代对虾成为主要池塘养殖品种，形成了以三疣梭子蟹为主，兼养日本对虾的海水养殖模式。潍坊市老弥河口地区，拥有海水养殖池5330公顷以上，年需蟹苗5000kg。该区现有海水育苗场8家，水体约1．9万m^3，均开展了三疣梭子蟹苗种生产。但由于近岸海水污染较重、盐度过高、水质极不稳定，生产屡遭失败，年产蟹苗只有1500kg左右。在此情况下，笔者于2003年3～6月利用-育苗场进行了三疣梭子蟹高产育苗生产试验，获得成功，现报告如下。     

日本对虾与三疣梭子蟹混养技术

日本对虾（Penaeus japonicus）和三疣梭子蟹（Swimming crab）的混养是我市沿海广泛采用的一种养殖模式。日本对虾和三疣梭子蟹由于具备肉质鲜美、营养丰富，且具备耐低温和耐干性强、抗病能力强、适于鲜活销售等特点，一直为沧州市海水养殖的主要品种。为了合理利用养殖资源，提高养殖效益，现在把几年来在实践当中总结出来的虾蟹立体混养技术做如下介绍。     

宁波市三疣梭子蟹主要病害流行特征及应对措施

宁波市人工养殖三疣梭子蟹已有近30年的历史，近十几年来发展十分迅猛，其养殖规模迅速扩大。但目前,三疣梭子蟹养殖产量普遍偏低，且病害频发，严重制约本市三疣梭子蟹养殖业进一步的发展。在对近几年本市三疣梭子蟹养殖主要病害进行监测的基础上，分析了本市三疣梭子蟹养殖主要病害的流行特征及其发病原因，并结合本市三疣梭子蟹养殖实际状况,寻求有效的应对措施。     

如何提高三疣梭子蟹的饵料利用率

随着海水养殖的快速发展，三疣梭子蟹养殖已成为各沿海地区的主导养殖品种，养殖面积也逐渐增加，但伴随而来的是三疣梭子蟹的病害发生也愈来愈严重，致使许多养殖单位及养殖户收效甚微，甚至亏损，严重地挫伤了生产者的积极性，影响了梭子蟹养殖业的发展。笔者通过在生产第一线的调查研究，总结出提高三疣梭子蟹的饵料利用率是提高梭子蟹的养殖成活率及经济效益的有效途径，现将如何提高三疣梭子蟹的饵料利用率介绍如下.     

虾蟹混养高产高效试验

<正>三疣梭子蟹与日本对虾混养,是莱州湾沿海海水养殖主要模式之一,由于受虾蟹残食、病害相互传染等因素影响,养殖产量和效益一直不理想。为了拓展虾蟹养殖收益空间,重点解决虾蟹残食、虾病传染梭子蟹等问题,我们在潍坊市滨海区渤海水产开发公司3.33 hm~2(50亩)池塘,开展混养试验,并取得了较好的经济效益。现将试验情况介绍如下。     

三疣梭子蟹养殖技术之三 关于三疣梭子蟹养殖的几点思考

三疣梭子蟹是苏、浙、沪、闽、鲁等省市海水池塘养殖的主要产品之一,随着养殖生产规模的不断扩大,养殖技术、饲料质量、投喂方式等暴露出许多问题,不仅造成养殖环境的污染,也使养殖病害日趋严重,甚至影响三疣梭子蟹产品的质量安全。为了促进三疣梭子蟹养殖业的稳定、持续、健康     

海水池塘虾蟹贝四放五收的混养模式

自从1993年我国海水养殖虾类遭受白斑病毒病危害以来,海水虾类养殖一直处于不稳定的状态。一般虾农抗风险能力差,不贸然在天然海水池塘中单养虾类,而是多品种混养,大大降低了由于病害而绝产的风险。下面介绍虾、蟹、贝混养,四放五收。这种方法混养的品种为三疣梭子蟹、日本对虾和菲律宾蛤仔。     

海水池塘混养四放六收模式

采用海水养殖池塘,利用水质调控、饵料强化、生物防控等技术,进行了日本对虾、三疣梭子蟹、美国硬壳蛤生态混养技术试验,有效降低了病害的发生,日本对虾产量达到600 kg/hm~2,梭子蟹产量1 350 kg/hm~2,美国硬壳蛤产量3 000 kg/hm~2,取得了良好的经济效益和生态效益。     

斑节对虾虾苗活力检测方法

该研究通过肉眼观察、镜检，进行干露、饥饿、盐度突降、福尔马林等抗性试验，并采用病毒检测等方法，以期建立评估斑节对虾（Penaeus monodon）虾苗活力和质量标准。结果表明，斑节对虾健康虾苗具有趋光性、集群性，体表光洁，肌肉透亮，肠胃食物充盈等特性。测试虾苗干露时间以15min为宜，健康虾苗干露后能立即恢复活力，而病弱虾苗多出现死亡、昏迷现象；虾苗的成活率随饥饿时间的延长而降低，随福尔马林浓度升高和时间延长而降低，随盐度突降幅度增加而降低。健康虾苗能忍受100～200μL·L^-1福尔马林溶液30min，成活率近100％；在盐度20～30下虾苗的成活情况较好，而其在淡水中仅能存活1h。对虾苗进行病毒检测，可以避免养殖中因虾苗携带病毒而可能导致的病毒性疾病的暴发。     

金鳟、虹鳟苗种长途运输实例

鳟鱼发眼卵和旨种运输是养鳟生产的重要环节。发眼卵多在冬季和早春运输，苗种多在晚春和夏季运输。苗种运输大多以鱼篓充氧进行短距离汽车运输，长途运输冷水性鱼苗种的实例很少。本文总结了金鳟和虹鳟苗种长途运输方法，以期与养鳟业界共同交流提高。一、包装材料和方法内包装材料是苗种运输专用塑料袋，规格54×104cm，外包装是泡沫塑料箱，规格63.5×45.5×30．5cm，纸箱规格64×46×32．5cm。塑料袋采取双层式，内装苗种和水共12.5kg，其中苗种0.5-1．3kg，100－2000尾。起运前苗种停食1－2天。运鱼用水水温调至6℃，鱼、水入袋后袋内…     

母猪胎衣不下的病因与防治要点

猪的胎盘属于弥散型胎盘,这种胎盘的结构特点和饲养管理的不当,常常导致母猪胎衣不下发生,给生猪的生产繁殖带来极大损失。本文针对母猪胎衣不下发生病因、综合防治进行详细阐述,旨在对预防和治疗胎衣不下能有所帮助。     

Estimation of variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum by survival analysis of experimental infection of salmonid fish

The variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum , the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in salmonid fish, was studied by infecting rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with two isolates (strains 325 and 932) from diseased Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and one isolate (strain 4366) from an apparently healthy Atlantic salmon. Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), were injected with the strain 932 to estimate difference in fish species resistance. Fish were removed by random sampling for other study purposes, a study design possible with analysis of lifetime distributions incorporating both sampling-, death- and survival-times. At the end of the experiment, the rainbow trout infected with strains 325, 932 and 4366 had a survival probability of 33%, 51% and 72%, respectively. The coho salmon infected with strain 932 had a 26% survival probability. The strain differences were significant according to the log-rank test, and the risk ratio between the strains ranged from 1·8 to 5·4. The strain from the apparently healthy fish was least virulent. The survival of the fish species was different over time. Rainbow trout were more likely to die early in the time course, but high numbers of coho died later, resulting in an overall risk of mortality of 1·4 in favour of rainbow trout. Differences in virulence may reflect changed selective pressure on R. salmoninarum when introduced from feral stocks into the environment of fish farms.     

水硬度对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼发育的影响

采用不同硬度的水对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼进行饲养。6周龄幼鱼在硬度为7.94°dH±0.30°dH时饲养84d后,比在硬度为14.71°dH±0.23°dH水中的幼鱼个体大,生长速度快。表明较高硬度的水有利于七彩神仙鱼幼鱼的生长发育。     

不同年龄细鳞鱼的繁育效果

研究了不同年龄组(3～8龄)细鳞鱼(Bachymystax lenok Pallas)亲鱼的繁育效果,分析其繁育主要技术,包括亲鱼培育、繁育技术、受精卵孵化、鱼苗培育等,结果发现,5～6龄和7～8龄细鳞鱼产卵量没有明显差异,产卵量、孵化率、出苗率均较高,繁殖效果明显好于3～4龄亲鱼。     

海口市近海渔业资源衰退的原因分析与对策建议

在分析海口市海洋渔业资源和海洋捕捞现状的基础上，提出了近海渔业资源衰退的6项原因和加快保护和修复资源的10项措施和建议。     

虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄营养成分分析

本实验对虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄的营养成分进行分析,旨在探讨其幼体的营养需求量,为其幼体配合饲料研制提供参考数据。随机选取大约800个虎斑乌贼受精卵的卵黄,采用国家标准方法测定其水分、灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素含量。结果表明:1)虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄中粗蛋白质含量为76.33%(干重基础);总氨基酸(TAA)和必需氨基酸(EAA)含量分别为71.22%和32.38%(干重基础),EAA/TAA为45.46%,氨基酸中以谷氨酸(Glu)含量最高(9.97%),必需氨基酸中亮氨酸(Leu)含量最高(7.58%)。2)其粗脂肪含量12.71%(干重基础);共检出17种脂肪酸,包括8种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、5种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和4种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),SFA、MUFA和PUFA分别占脂肪酸总量的43.47%、7.54%和49.25%,其中以DHA含量最高,达32.80%,EPA含量为7.70%,DHA/EPA为4.26。3)检测出Na、K、Ca、Mg、Sr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Al和As 矿物元素,微量元素中富含Zn、Al和Fe,含量分别为 0.77、0.71和0.43 mg/kg(鲜重基础)。由此可见,卵黄具有高蛋白、低脂肪,富含n-3PUFA的特点;虎斑乌贼幼体饲料中蛋白质需求量参考值为76.33%;氨基酸需求量参考值,如赖氨酸(Lys)为5.49%,蛋氨酸(Met)为2.63%;脂肪的需求量参考值为12.71%,DHA为4.17%,EPA为0.98%;微量元素需求量参考值,如Zn为2.77 mg/kg,Cu为0.19 mg/kg(干重基础)。     

Characterization of protease inhibitors of seminal plasma of cyprinids

Anti-proteinase activity was demonstrated in the seminal plasma of cyprinid fish species (bream, chub, ide, dace, asp, goldfish, roach, common carp) using electrophoretic techniques combined with a detection method based on inhibition of bovine trypsin. We found species-specific protease inhibitors in the seminal plasma of cyprinids. At least three bands of protease inhibitors with different migration rates could be identified by native PAGE. Higher variability was characterized for bands with slower migration rates. Visualization of inhibitors after SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions allowed estimation of their molecular weights. Apparent molecular weights were within the range of 51–59 and 47–54 kDa for the bands with slower and moderate migration rates, respectively. The molecular weight of fast migration bands for roach and common carp were estimated to 23 and 30 kDa, respectively. Inhibitors of common carp seminal plasma differed in their affinity toward serine proteases. Three inhibitors in common carp seminal plasma could be visualized using cod and bovine trypsin, but only two inhibitors (of high molecular weight) were recognized with chymotrypsin. There were differences in anti-proteinase activity and seminal plasma protein concentration in relation to the origin of common carp seminal plasma (breeding lines) and time of milt collection (spawning vs. post-spawning season).     

鱼类热忍耐温度研究进展

The paper is a review of the studies on the temperature of the thermal tolerance in fishes. It was described from four aspect: (1) The key parameters of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (2) The influence factors of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (3) The research methods of thermal effect of fishes; (4) The evaluation of effects of thermal pollution on fishes, especially, with the coastal power station will be‘built in China recent years, the effects of thermal discharge water on the marine fisheries resource wered iscussed.