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1.
养殖大黄鱼冷藏过程中细菌菌相的变化 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用感官、挥发性盐基氮(TVBN)、菌落总数对大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)在0℃、5℃冷藏过程中的品质变化特征进行分析,并对细菌菌相进行定性和定量研究。结果表明,冷藏初期、高品质期和货架期终点菌落总数N(CFU/g)的对数值(lgN)分别为5.40±0.17、6.98±0.17、7.38±0.09,TVBN分别为(7.00±1.82)mg.100-1.g-1、(13.00±1.42)mg.100-1.g-1、(29.92±1.75)mg.100-1.g-1。冷藏初期分离获得211株菌株,84.8%是革兰氏阴性菌,出现少量革兰氏阳性菌(6.2%),优势菌群是肠杆菌科细菌(6.6%)、气单胞菌属(14.2%)、不动杆菌属(13.3%)、摩氏杆菌属(11.8%),并出现了一定比例的假单胞菌属、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌和其他细菌。冷藏过程中细菌菌相逐渐变得单一,腐败希瓦氏菌上升趋势明显。高品质期时,0℃冷藏大黄鱼优势菌群为腐败希瓦氏菌(45.8%)和缺陷短波胞单胞菌(13.6%);5℃冷藏大黄鱼优势菌群为腐败希瓦氏菌(37.9%)和假单胞菌属(15.6%)。货架期终点时,0℃、5℃冷藏大黄鱼优势菌为腐败希瓦氏菌,比例分别为75.5%和59.6%。 相似文献
2.
以7—10月的新鲜紫贻贝为试验材料优化培养基,从中分离纯化出各种细菌,并采用MIDI微生物自动鉴定系统结合PCR的方法分析贻贝整体及各部位的优势菌相。试验结果表明,选用加5%贻贝汁和2.5%营养琼脂作为培养基较好;新鲜贻贝的优势菌主要由弧菌、芽孢杆菌和腐败希瓦氏菌组成,而弧菌和腐败希瓦氏菌集中在表面,芽孢杆菌在肠腺占82%;对分离的蜡样芽孢杆菌菌株进行16SrDNA序列分析,发现其与GeneBank中的4,5,6,7株蜡样芽孢杆菌的16SrDNA序列相似性均达到99%,因此,应用MIDI微生物自动鉴定系统鉴定贻贝中优势细菌是可行的。 相似文献
3.
植物精油对冷藏大黄鱼优势腐败菌的抑制作用及其机制 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
为探讨天然植物精油对冷藏大黄鱼贮藏过程中优势腐败菌的抑制作用及其机制,实验首先对冷藏大黄鱼的优势腐败菌进行分离纯化,并通过16S r DNA序列分析及生理生化实验进行菌株鉴定;采用纸片扩散法和微量肉汤稀释法检测14种植物精油或其组分对腐败菌株的抑菌活性;在阐明植物精油抗菌活性的基础上,再对植物精油处理后的大黄鱼气味进行感官可接受度检验,以筛选出具有高效抗菌活性和良好感官接受性的精油保鲜剂;实验通过细菌形态扫描电镜观察、胞内乳酸脱氢酶及核酸释放研究山苍子精油对不同腐败菌株的膜损伤作用,以初步阐明其抗菌机制;最后,通过检测微生物数量、产硫菌数量、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)及组胺含量变化来考察山苍子精油对冷藏大黄鱼潜在的保鲜效果;从冷藏大黄鱼中分离得到6株优势腐败菌,分别为腐败希瓦氏菌4株,热杀索丝菌1株,温和气单胞菌1株;14种植物精油对腐败菌株具有不同抑制活性,其中肉桂醛抑菌活性最强,最低抑菌浓度为0.125μL/mL,其次为丁香酚、百里香酚、柠檬醛、柠檬草及山苍子精油,最低抑菌浓度均≤0.5μL/mL;丁香酚、百里香酚、柠檬醛、柠檬草及山苍子精油使用后未导致大黄鱼气味的感官劣化,且可矫正大黄鱼肉的腥味;山苍子精油可破坏腐败菌株的细胞膜,并导致胞内蛋白酶和核酸外泄。经4μL/mL山苍子精油处理后,冷藏过程中大黄鱼片的菌落总数、产硫菌数、TVB-N及组胺含量显著降低。研究表明,肉桂醛、丁香酚、百里香酚、柠檬醛、柠檬草及山苍子精油对大黄鱼特定腐败菌具有显著抑制作用,芳香酚和富含柠檬醛的精油使用后不影响大黄鱼的感官接受性,有望作为天然保鲜剂用于冷藏海产品的保鲜。 相似文献
4.
为了研究冷藏海产品中腐败菌希瓦氏菌和气单胞菌的致腐性差异,本实验比较分析了大黄鱼源波罗的海希瓦氏菌和杀鲑气单胞菌在28℃和4℃下的生长及三甲胺(TMA)、生物胺和挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)的生成;通过PCR技术扩增2种腐败菌的氧化三甲胺还原酶基因(torA),利用生物信息学比较TorA蛋白的相似性、理化特性和蛋白空间结构。结果显示,杀鲑气单胞菌在28℃生长较快,而波罗的海希瓦氏菌在4℃生长更快。相对于杀鲑气单胞菌形成较高的尸胺,波罗的海希瓦氏菌产生更多TMA和腐胺,在冷藏鱼汁中积累更高TVB-N。同时在波罗的海希瓦氏菌和杀鲑气单胞菌中分别扩增出2 490和1 959 bp的torA基因,2种TorA蛋白与同属菌相似性高于97%,而二者相似性仅为36.90%。波罗的海希瓦氏菌TorA蛋白的分子量和等电点分别为92.3 ku和6.52,甘氨酸含量最高,而杀鲑气单胞菌中TorA蛋白的分子量和等电点分别为90.6 ku和6.74,丙氨酸含量最高,蛋白结构差异明显。且希瓦氏菌中torA 和鸟氨酸脱羧酶(DOC)基因表达量分别为气单胞菌的1.26和19.04倍。可见,波罗的海希瓦氏菌和杀鲑气单胞菌为海产品嗜冷腐败菌,其中希瓦氏菌胺类代谢能力更强,与其TorA特定理化特性和高表达量相关。本研究为揭示海产品微生物的致腐机制提供理论支持。 相似文献
5.
大菱鲆腐败菌生长动力学研究和货架期预测 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
采集0、3、7、10℃贮藏大菱鲆中希瓦氏菌生长数据,建立了大菱鲆0~10℃贮藏中特定腐败菌生长动力学模型和剩余货架期预测模型。感官、化学和微生物生长动态分析表明,希瓦氏菌为大菱鲆0~10℃贮藏中的特定腐败菌。Gompertz方程能较好地描述希瓦氏菌的生长。采用Belehradek方程描述的温度对希瓦氏菌最大比生长速率和延滞时间的影响均呈较好线性关系。以5℃贮藏大菱鲆中希瓦氏菌生长数据,对所建立的生长动力学模型和剩余货架期预测模型的准确性进行验证,得到最大比生长速率、延滞时间、货架期的预测值相比实测值的相对误差分别为-14.36%、5.61%和6.74%,表明建立的模型可以快速准确的预测大菱鲆0~10℃贮藏过程中的鲜度变化和剩余货架期。 相似文献
6.
对0、5和10℃冷藏养殖罗非鱼货架期终点的特定腐败菌进行定性和定量研究,并建立特定腐败菌的生长动力学模型。实验结果表明,0、5和10℃冷藏养殖罗非鱼货架期终点时,假单胞菌占总茵数比例分别为80.7%、68.1%和57.5%。该类菌在营养琼脂和胰酶解大豆胨琼脂培养基上茵落圆状隆起,边缘整齐,透明,无色;菌体为革兰氏阴性杆菌,极生单鞭毛,具有运动性,大小为(0.5~0.7)μm×(1.6~3.2)μm;氧化酶反应为阳性,不能利用海藻糖、棉子醇和甘露醇等;直链、支链、环丙基和羟基脂肪酸等被检出,富含单不饱和脂肪酸(50.18%),主要脂肪酸有16:10J7c、iso-15:0、16:0和17:Ic08c,比例分别为26.16%、14.83%、7.96%和3.94%;Riboprinter测试其核糖体型为56-S-7。采用修正的Gompertz方程拟合假单胞菌生长模型表明,0、5和10℃冷藏过程延滞时间分别为(59.63±61.88)、(7.25±24.06)和(3.95±9.83)h;最大比生长速率分别为(0.02±0.00)、(0.04±0.00)和(0.08±0.01)/h。 相似文献
7.
为比较日本鲭和大黄鱼肌肉中微生物和代谢功能的变化及其与鱼肉腐败特性之间的关系,本研究检测了2种鱼在冷藏过程中的理化指标和菌落总数的变化,利用Illumina Miseq测序技术分析细菌群落变化,并利用皮尔森相关性分析检验微生物与鱼肉腐败及组胺产生相关性,结合功能预测分析细菌群落组成与代谢功能之间的关系。结果显示,冷藏期间日本鲭和大黄鱼的pH、挥发性盐基氮、组胺、菌落总数等均呈上升趋势,且日本鲭上升较快;冷藏末期2种鱼TVB-N值和组胺含量分别达到76.34、59.98和59.92、3.11 mg/100 g;日本鲭肌肉中细菌丰富度和多样性先增加后减少,大黄鱼则整体呈下降趋势;2种鱼肌肉中的优势腐败菌均为希瓦氏菌属;日本鲭体内与TVB-N产生相关的菌共12种,其中10种与组胺产生具有显著相关性;大黄鱼体内与TVB-N产生相关的菌共7种,但未检测出与组胺产生具有相关性的细菌;冷藏过程中氨基酸代谢和碳水化合物代谢为最主要的代谢通路,日本鲭样品组氨酸、精氨酸、脯氨酸等氨基酸代谢相关基因和丁酸丁酯代谢、丙酸酯代谢及丙酮酸代谢丰度均显著高于同一时期的大黄鱼,本实验从微生物代谢水平解释了日本鲭比大黄鱼更易腐败的原因,为不同水产品腐败特性的研究提供新思路。 相似文献
8.
冷藏大黄鱼SSO希瓦氏菌致腐能力差异机制初探 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
为探讨特定腐败菌(SSO)希瓦氏菌(Shewanella)致腐能力的差异机制,采用生化和16S rDNA鉴定冷藏大黄鱼货架期终点的产H2S菌,在灭菌鱼汁和无菌鱼块筛选4株致腐差异的希瓦氏菌,扩增氧化三甲胺(TMAO)还原酶基因及分析其表达量,并预测其蛋白质的理化性质。结果显示,22株产H2S菌均为希瓦氏菌属,其中 S.baltica占54.5%,为S. putrefaciens占40.9%,S. hafniensis占4.5%。希瓦氏菌在灭菌鱼汁中致腐能力存在显著差异,其中S. balticaXH2和XH8的缺点评分和TVB-N最高,S. putrefaciensXH14和XH17菌最低。接种无菌鱼块的4株希瓦氏菌中XH2的样品在72h出现腐败气味,48h细菌高于107cfu/g,产生较高的TMA、TVB-N、尸胺和腐胺和,XH8菌次之,XH14和XH17菌最慢。四株希瓦氏菌都扩增出2490bp的torA基因,且torA基因的表达量与致腐能力密切相关,S.balticaXH2最高。预测的TorA蛋白中S.balticaXH2的分子量和不稳定指数最大,理论等电点和总平均疏水性最小。可见,S. baltica XH2为冷藏大黄鱼的SSO,其强致腐能力与torA基因高表达量和TorA蛋白理化性质有关。研究为阐明希瓦氏菌致腐机制奠定了良好的基础。 相似文献
9.
对养殖尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)0~10℃贮藏过程中感官、化学、微生物品质和细菌种群消长研究表明,初始样品挥发性盐基氮为(8.08±0.29)mg/(100g),菌落总数(CFU/g)的对数值为4.79±0.60;细菌种群复杂,种类繁多,分离到570株菌,其中80.5%为革兰氏阴性菌,13.6%为革兰氏阳性菌,优势菌是假单胞菌(Pseudomonas spp.)(36.5%)、肠杆菌科细菌(Enterobacteriaceae)(14.2%)和气单胞菌(Aeromonas spp.)(15.3%),同时检出了一定比例的不动杆菌和其他细菌。冷藏过程中肠杆菌科细菌、气单胞菌等生长受到抑制,细菌菌相组成逐渐变得单一,适应低温环境下革兰氏阴性菌比例不断增加,0℃、5℃、10℃贮藏至货架期终点时,阴性菌的比例分别达到86.4%、88.9%、100.0%;假单胞菌增殖显著,比例分别达到80.7%、68.1%、60.0%,可确认其为0~10℃贮藏罗非鱼的优势腐败菌。假单胞菌的种类变化趋势显示,优势顺序分别为荧光假单胞菌(P.uorescens)、恶臭假单胞菌(P.putida)、铜绿假单胞菌(P.aeruginosa)、产碱假单胞菌(P.alcaligenes),0℃、5℃、10℃贮藏至货架期终点时,假单胞菌中荧光假单胞菌分别占52.1%、53.1%、59.3%,可确认其为最优势种群。 相似文献
10.
养殖大黄鱼加工和冰藏过程中鲜度和细菌类型的变化 总被引:7,自引:5,他引:2
通过对养殖海水以及捕获、加工、流通和冰藏等整个供应链过程养殖大黄鱼的温度履历、感官、化学、微生物的品质监测,评估养殖海水、碎冰和加工过程中大黄鱼细菌卫生状况,分析其在整个过程鲜度和细菌相变化。结果表明,养殖海水和碎冰的菌落总数分别为4.99±0.41 lg cfu/g和3.90±0.32 lg cfu/g,大肠菌群数分别为30~450 MNP/100 g和低于30 MNP/100 g;新捕获养殖大黄鱼的菌落总数为3.82±0.38 lg cfu/g,假单胞菌数为3.13±0.58 lg cfu/g,嗜冷菌数为2.82±0.60 lg cfu/g,大肠菌群数为低于30 MPN/100 g;冰藏第18天时TVBN含量为28.62±0.51 mg/100 g,菌落总数、假单胞菌数、嗜冷菌数和大肠菌群数分别为6.24±0.06lg cfu/g、6.01±0.25 lg cfu/g、5.68±0.21 lg cfu/g和30 MPN/100 g。养殖海水和新捕获鱼中细菌种类繁多,革兰氏阴性菌分别占其总菌株数的64.9%和56.8%;革兰氏阳性菌分别占其总菌株数的27.0%和42.0%;优势菌群为黏性威克斯菌、腐败希瓦氏菌和假单胞菌属。加工结束后,假单胞菌(34.9%)、玫瑰小球菌(32.6%)和缺陷短波单胞菌(14.0%)成为主要菌群。冰藏第4天时仅分离出4种不同类型的细菌,腐败希瓦氏菌比例上升明显,冰藏第10天和第18天时,所占比例分别为63.5%和69.1%,是冷却链养殖大黄鱼产品的优势腐败菌。 相似文献
11.
Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献
12.
美人鱼发光杆菌对凡纳滨对虾非特异性
免疫功能及抗病力的影响 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
在基础饲料中分别添加0.1%和1%美人鱼发光杆菌灭活菌、0.1%美人鱼发光杆菌活菌配制成3种免疫实验饲料,以基础饲料为空白对照组饲料,每组设3个平行样。对个体质量为(4.83±0.36)g的凡纳滨对虾进行为期20 d的饲养实验,分别在0、5、10、15和20d进行取样,以血清中的酚氧化酶(PO)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和溶菌酶(UL)活性为免疫指标,探讨了美人鱼发光杆菌作为免疫制剂对凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫效应的影响;在投喂免疫饲料后的第22天,按0.004 2 kg/kg体重的剂量,直接投喂对虾白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)病料,并记录累积死亡率。结果表明,美人鱼发光杆菌免疫实验组对凡纳滨对虾血清中PO、ACP、AKP、UL和SOD活性影响明显高于对照组,并且在饲料中添加美人鱼发光杆菌后,明显提高了对虾抵御WSSV感染的能力。其中0.1%美人鱼发光杆菌活菌实验组的抗病毒感染能力最强,WSSV感染14d内累计死亡率为63.3%±5.8%;而对照组为96.7%±3.3%。研究表明,美人鱼发光杆菌添加在对虾饲料中能提高凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫水平,增强抵抗疾病的能力,将其作为对虾免疫增强剂具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
13.
Fatime Erdogan 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(9):2326-2332
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of replacing fish meal with dietary Spirulina as a feed supplement on the growth performance and coloration of blue dolphin cichlids (Cyrtocara moorii). Five isonitrogenous (47% crude protein) and isocaloric (17.36 kJ/g digestible energy) diets were for formulated to replace FM with 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% Spirulina (designated as Control, SP5, SP10, SP15 and SP20 respectively) and fed to the fish (initial body weight, 3.15 ± 0.01 g). Fish were randomly distributed into fifteen 120 L aquariums (26.5 ± 1.00°C), 15 fish per aquarium. The diets were tested in triplicate for 12 weeks. Experimental groups were fed twice daily (09:00 and 17:00) by hand to satiation. At the end of the feeding trial, significantly (p < 0.05) higher weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) were observed in fish fed the SP10 diet when compared to the SP20 diet. There was no significant difference in these parameters between the other groups. The skin coloration of blue dolphin cichlid fed a diet containing Spirulina meal was enhanced. The best coloration was observed in the SP15 group. These impressions were objectively validated by chemical determinations of carotenoids extracted from fish skins and passed statistical tests of significance. The study findings show that Spirulina meal does not diminish growth rates except at very high levels. 相似文献
14.
A Minchinia mercenariae‐like parasite infects cockles Cerastoderma edule in Galicia (NW Spain) 下载免费PDF全文
The cockle Cerastoderma edule fishery has traditionally been the most important shellfish species in terms of biomass in Galicia (NW Spain). In the course of a survey of the histopathological conditions affecting this species in the Ria of Arousa, a haplosporidan parasite that had not been observed in Galicia was detected in one of the most productive cockle beds of Galicia. Uni‐ and binucleate cells and multinucleate plasmodia were observed in the connective tissue mainly in the digestive area, gills and gonad. The parasite showed low prevalence, and it was not associated with abnormal cockle mortality. Molecular identification showed that this parasite was closely related to the haplosporidan Minchinia mercenariae that had been reported infecting hard clams Mercenaria mercenaria from the Atlantic coast of the United States. The molecular characterization of its SSU rDNA region allowed obtaining a fragment of 1,796 bp showing 98% homology with M. mercenariae parasite. Phylogenetic analysis supported this identification as this parasite was clustered in the same clade as M. mercenariae from the United States and other M. mercenariae‐like sequences from the UK, with bootstrap value of 99%. The occurrence of M. mercenariae‐like parasites infecting molluscs outside the United States is confirmed. 相似文献
15.
Dietary thiamin and pyridoxine requirements of fingerling Indian major carp,Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) 下载免费PDF全文
Two experiments were conducted to quantify the dietary thiamin (experiment I) and pyridoxine (experiment II) requirements of fingerling Cirrhinus mrigala for 16 weeks. In experiment I, dietary thiamin requirement was determined by feeding seven casein–gelatin‐based diets (400 g kg?1 CP; 18.69 kJ g?1 GE) with graded levels of thiamin (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 mg kg?1 diet) to triplicate groups of fish (6.15 ± 0.37 cm; 1.89 ± 0.12 g). Fish fed diet with 2 mg kg?1 thiamin had highest specific growth rate (SGR), protein retention (PR), RNA/DNA ratio, haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Hct), RBCs and best feed conversion ratio (FCR). However, highest liver thiamin concentration was recorded in fish fed 4 mg thiamin kg?1 diet. Broken‐line analysis of SGR, PR and liver thiamin concentrations exhibited the thiamin requirement in the range of 1.79–3.34 mg kg?1 diet (0.096–0.179 μg thiamin kJ?1 gross energy). In experiment II, six casein–gelatin‐based diets (400 g kg?1 CP; 18.69 kJ g?1 GE) containing graded levels of pyridoxine (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mg kg?1 diet) were fed to triplicate groups of fish (6.35 ± 0.37 cm; 1.97 ± 0.12 g). Fish fed diet containing 6 mg kg?1 pyridoxine showed best SGR, FCR, PR, RNA/DNA ratio, Hb, Hct and RBCs, whereas maximum liver pyridoxine concentration was recorded in fish fed 8 mg kg?1 dietary pyridoxine. Broken‐line analysis of SGR, PR and liver pyridoxine concentrations reflected the pyridoxine requirement from 5.63 to 8.61 mg kg?1 diet. Data generated during this study would be useful in formulating thiamin‐ and pyridoxine‐balanced feeds for the intensive culture of this fish. 相似文献
16.
17.
S. Sadek 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2000,22(2):171-178
Marine fish farming in Egypt began in 1976 with the culture of gilthead sea bream, (Sparus aurata) as this fish was notably adaptable to brackish and marine pond conditions. Today, marine fish and shrimp farms amount to about 19,000 ha, out of which 42% is already in production while the rest, i.e., 58% is still under construction. In 1997, cultured gilthead sea bream production of 2,250 tons made up 3% of the 75,000 tons total aquaculture catch. In polyculture, usually with the grey mullet and sea bass, gilthead sea bream contributed 440 kg ha–1 to the total yield of 1,700 kg ha–1 (26%) over a period of 16 months. For the same period, the yield of monoculture ponds averaged 100 kg ha–1, while in marine cages, yields ranged from 4–10 kg m3. In 1996–1997, fry of 0.25–1 g and fingerlings 1–10 g with a total of 3 million, were collected from the wild and 1 million fry were produced in the three marine hatcheries out of the four existing ones. The development of sea bream culture in Egypt is now severely inhibited by the shortage of seeds and adequate feeds. Exports of both sea bream and sea bass, during 1994–1996 averaged 1,300 tons per year. 相似文献
18.
Md Mahbubul Hassan Md Nahiduzzaman Shaheed Nasrullah Al Mamun Md Abu Taher Mostafa Ali Reza Hossain 《Aquaculture Research》2013,45(1):150-158
This study reports on the spermatological properties, and on the development of a protocol for refrigerator storage (4°C) of Labeo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822) sperm for artificial breeding. Volume, motility, concentration and pH of the freshly collected sperm were 2.21 ± 0.53 (μL g?1 of fish weight) (mean ± SD), 95 ± 1 (%), 1.93 ± 0.44 × 109 (cells mL?1) and 7.56 ± 0.17 respectively. Sperm activation was evaluated at different osmolalities of NaCl solution, and motility ceased completely when osmolality of the extender was ≥287 mOsmol kg?1. Sperm retained motility for 24, 72 and 108 h, after refrigerator storage when sperm were undiluted, suspended in Alsever's solution and suspended in Alsever's solution containing 5% methanol respectively. Fertilization rate of fresh eggs with sperm stored at 4°C in Alsever's solution and Alsever's solution containing 5% methanol was 77% and 60% with a hatching rate of 60% and 43% respectively. The fertilization and hatching success of the stored sperm suggests potential to use refrigeration for transporting genetic material to hatcheries for artificial breeding of L. calbasu in Bangladesh. 相似文献
19.
A novel approach to denitrification processes in a zero-discharge recirculating system for small-scale urban aquaculture 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Alon Singer Shmuel Parnes Amit Gross Amir Sagi Asher Brenner 《Aquacultural Engineering》2008,39(2-3):72-77
This paper presents an innovative process to solve the nitrate build-up problem in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). The novel aspects of the process lie in a denitrification bioreactor system that uses solid cotton wool as the primary carbon source and a unique degassing chamber. In the latter, the water is physically stripped of dissolved gaseous O2 (by means of a Venturi vacuum tube), and the subsequent denitrification becomes more efficient due to elimination of the problems of oxygen inhibition of denitrification and aerobic consumption of cotton wool. The cotton wool medium also serves as a physical barrier that traps organic particles, which, in turn, act as an additional carbon source for denitrification. Operation in the proposed system gives an extremely low C/N ratio of 0.82 g of cotton wool/g of nitrate N, which contributes to a significant reduction of biofilter volume. The additional advantage of using solid cotton wool as the carbon source is that it does not release organic residuals into the liquid to be recycled. Operation of the system over a long period consistently produced effluents with low nitrate levels (below 10 mg N/l), and there was only a very small need to replace system water. The overall treatment scheme, also incorporating an aerobic nitrification biofilter and a granular filtration device, produced water of excellent quality, i.e., with near-zero levels of nitrite and ammonia, a sufficiently high pH for aquaculture, and low turbidity. The proposed system thus provides a solution for sustainable small-scale, urban aquaculture operation with a very high recovery of water (over 99%) and minimal waste disposal. 相似文献
20.
M. B. Knoph 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1995,14(2):103-109
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) postsmolts weighing 150 ± 53 g were exposed to 14–15 mg l–1 TA-N (total ammonia-N) in sea water in 1 m3 tanks for 24h. Blood samples were then taken A) immediately after the fish were netted from the exposure tanks and stunned by a blow to the head; B) 2–20 min after the fish were transferred to 15 l of an anaesthetic solution of metomidate in ammonia-free sea water; or C) 2–20 min after the fish were transferred to 15 l of ammonia-free sea water. Plasma TA-N level was 18% lower in the anaesthetised fish compared to in the fish sampled directly from the exposure tanks (p 0.05), and accordingly 16% lower in the fish transferred to pure sea water although this difference was not significant (p = 0.07). Plasma glucose level was higher in the fish transferred to pure sea water than in the fish receiving the two other treatments (p 0.05), but plasma urea, osmolality, Na+, Cl–, Ca2+ or Mg2+ levels did not vary significantly between the different treatments. Plasma TA-N level increased with time in the fish in the metomidate solution (p 0.02). 相似文献