活饵料中n—3高度不饱和脂脂酸对黑鲷仔稚鱼生长和存活的影响

采用乳化油直接添加法。用ｎ－３高度不饱和脂肪酸含量不等的４种乳化油分别强化轮虫，卤虫活饵料，培育４组黑鲷仔鱼和稚鱼，各自历时１５ｄ，结果表明，ｎ－３ＨＵＦＡ对黑鲷仔鱼和稚鱼的生长和存活均有重要影响。在该条件下，轮虫体ｎ－３ＨＵＦＡ含量为０．２３３％，卤虫体内ｎ－３ＨＵＦＡ含量为４．２７３％时仔鱼和稚鱼达到最佳生长和成活率。     

工厂化养鳖饲料中维生素E的应用研究（下）

－试验结果（１）生长比较饲养试验中，每两周各组进行一次生长测定，期间幼鳖生长测定五次，生长情况见表２、对照组和试验组各生长指标的比较结果见表３。表２幼鳖生长结果表３生长结果比较表３显示，添加５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的Ａ组和１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的Ｂ组，饵料系数比对照Ｃ组分别低０－１５０和０．４４６，饵料效率比Ｃ组分别高２－４％和１０－９％。同时Ｂ组和Ａ组相比，Ｂ组饵料系数低０－２９６，饵料效率高８－５％。这说明增加维生素Ｅ的添加量有利于提高饵料的利用率、降低饵料系数。显示饲料中维生素Ｅ添加水平为５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ和…     

光合细菌配合面包酵母与藻粉培养轮虫的实验

以面包酵母与一定量螺旋藻粉培养褶皱臂尾轮虫的过程中，添加光合细菌液进行实验。结果表明：光合细菌作为辅助性饵料，对轮虫的生长具有明显特殊的促进作用。4组实验显示：投喂适宜量光合细菌轮虫增殖明显加快，但与光合细菌添加量的增加不完全呈正比关系；投喂光合细菌新鲜培养液与老培养液轮虫增殖效果相近；投喂光合细菌只能作为辅助性饵料。当配合酵母、藻粉培育轮虫时，3者在饵料上起到了良好的互补作用，培养效果最佳。     

投喂酵母和扁藻类培养褶皱臂尾轮虫的效果试验

实验室条件下，分别以面包酵母和扁藻为饵料培养褶皱臂尾轮虫（以下简称轮虫）。结果表明，轮虫摄食扁藻的生长繁殖效果要好于摄食酵母。以扁藻为食物，其带卵率和带卵数分别为45．5％和3．1个，而以酵母为食物，其带卵率和带卵数仅分别为32．5％和2．2个。在轮虫接种密度情况下（经一个培养周期7天），轮虫密度分别为54个／ml、32．5／ml。     

罗氏沼虾养成中白体病防治措施

１．购买虾苗时应检查有无白体病，有病虾苗不要买，同时虾苗入池前应消毒，用０．４×１０－６浓度溴氯海因全池泼洒，３～５天后再用活性微生态制剂按１．５×１０－６浓度全池泼洒，调节水质，抑制有害微生物生长繁殖。２．平时每月用一次溴氯海因０．４×１０－６浓度全池泼洒，每月使用一次虾宁２％按饵料量或虾菌宁５‰按饵料量或虾康宁６‰按饵料量一次，连用３天。３．治疗方法：第一天用溴氯海因０．５×１０－６浓度或二溴海因０．３×１０－６～０．５×１０－６浓度全池泼洒，第二至第六天内服虾宁４％＋虾菌宁５‰…     

50DE微囊营养强化轮虫DHA的研究↑（*）

应用５０ＤＥ微囊ＤＨＡ营养强化饵料强化轮虫试验，结果表明：试验Ａ、Ｂ两区强化６小时后轮虫ＤＨＡ／ＦＡ含量由最初的未检出上升为１．５％、４．０％，１２小时后达到最高峰，分别为７．５％和１０．３％、而对照Ｃ区在２４小时试验区间ＤＨＡ均未检出。     

褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus Plicatilis O.F.Müller,1786)繁殖培养的研究

轮虫是一些水生动物或其幼体的良好食饵,其大量培养供应的技术,无疑是很重要的。本文报告一种海水和咸淡水种——褶皱臂尾轮虫(B.Plicatilis)的繁殖生态条件和大量培养技术的实验结果。此种轮虫为广盐性生物,能在2—50‰的盐度范围内生长繁殖,但其适宜的繁殖盐度为10—30‰,而尤以15—25‰为最适宜。休眠卵子能在1.5—35‰的盐度范围内孵化,但以15—20‰为最适宜;最高的孵化率为10.47％。在5—35℃的温度范围内,休眠卵子都能孵化,但孵化时间则随温度的不同而有明显差异。最适宜的孵化温度为20—25℃,时间短,孵化率高;在适宜温度范围内,变温似较恒温对孵化更有利。最高的孵化率为17.53％。在5—40℃的实验温度范围内,此种轮虫都能繁殖生长。但以高温者繁殖快,低温者很慢。较适宜的繁殖温度为25—40℃,而以30—35℃条件下繁殖最快。在温度超越30℃时,轮虫的个体显著变小,这种体形变异是可逆的。实验证实:小新月摄氏菱形硅藻、亚心形扁藻,衣藻和小球藻都是此种轮虫的好饵料;而从大量培养角度看,以扁藻为饵则尤为适宜。较适宜的饵料密度为:扁藻1—15万个/毫升;硅藻5—100万个/毫升。而以扁藻2.5—5万个/毫升左右和硅藻50万个/毫升左右为最适宜的饵料密度。轮虫分布密度小者,其繁殖速度快;分布密度大者,繁殖慢。大量培养中兼顾繁殖速度和数量的关系,以每升培养基中含有1,000个轮虫的接种密度较为适宜。在饵料条件突变、过多或过缺的情况下,轮虫即进行有性生殖,形成休眠卵子。培养中利用此特点,突然停止给饵,一般在二、三日内即可采收得休眠卵子。在大玻璃交瓶、水族箱、水泥池和土池中都能进行不同规模的大量培养,实验中都已取得培养效果。大量培养中最重要的问题为饵料条件,要维持适宜且经常的饵料密度,才能保证轮虫及时、迅速地繁殖生长。在大量培养中,在饵料培养基(或轮虫和饵料混同培养基)中加入2—5‰的人尿,则培养效果更好。培养中最高密度达到324,000个/升的活体轮虫,在培养容器的水底腐渣中最高达到1,400,000个/升的个体很小的褶皱臂尾轮虫。在饵料与轮虫同池培养时,如作高密度培养,则必须另外备有可以补充的饵料来源,以防突然饵料不足,影响轮虫大量培养使用的效果。     

面包酵母添加光合细菌和Vc后培养轮虫的效果

采用种群累积培养法，在控温３２℃条件下进行实验，观察在面包酵母中加入光合细菌和维生素Ｃ培养萼花臂尾轮虫的效果。结果表明，光合细菌对该轮虫的种群增长有明显的促进作用。在酵母液中加入１％～１０％的光合细菌液（菌液的浓度为１０×１０８～１３×１０８ｃｅｌ／ｍｌ），轮虫种群密度可增长４～５倍。维生素Ｃ的添加量在０．０２ｍｇ／ｍｌ时，对轮虫的种群增长有促进作用；在０．１ｍｇ／ｍｌ时，其促长作用显著；在本实验设计范围内，当浓度等于或高于０．５ｍｇ／ｍｌ时，由于极大地降低了培养液的ｐＨ值，导致轮虫死亡。     

不同饵料对褶皱臂尾轮虫生长繁殖的影响

为了探讨不同饵料对褶皱臂尾轮虫种群生长繁殖的影响,通过在浓缩小球藻的基础上分别添加蛋黄、鱼肝油、三文鱼油、鱿鱼油和维生素,采用6种不同饵料(或组合)培养轮虫20 d,分析比较各组在轮虫的密度、怀卵量、抱卵率以及水质指标(p H、DO、氨氮)等方面的差异。结果表明,投喂不同的饵料,轮虫密度各组间存在差异,鱼肝油组轮虫密度最大,达到466个/m L,其次是鱿鱼油组和三文鱼油组,单独投喂浓缩小球藻的对照组轮虫密度最小;轮虫怀卵量各组间差异极显著(P0.01),鱼肝油组显著高于其它组(P0.05),最高达到908个/m L,其次为鱿鱼油组,对照组最低;鱼肝油组的抱卵率和日平均增殖率最高,其次是鱿鱼油组;对照组和维生素组的轮虫培养水体水质保持较好,蛋黄组水质最差。研究表明,投喂鱼肝油对轮虫的生长繁殖有显著促进作用,采用浓缩小球藻和鱼肝油混合投喂培养轮虫,可提高轮虫质量和营养价值。     

池塘枝角类的培养

枝角类通称水蚤，是一种低等的甲壳动物，体长０．２～１ｍｍ，广泛分布于各种水体中，其繁殖力强，生长快，营养价值高，是各种鱼、虾幼体阶段的良好饵料，受到养殖工作者的普遍重视。 枝角类的培养方式属间接培养，即先繁殖细菌和藻类，作为它的饵料。其基本方式如下：施肥有机物分解细菌、微小藻类、原生动物繁殖枝角类的增殖。枝角类培养的最适条件为：水温１５～２５℃，ｐＨ值 ６．５～８．５，溶氧４～８ ｍｇ／Ｌ，透明度 ３０～５０ｃｍ。具体培养方法如下： 用 ４０Ｘ１０－６的漂白粉或 ２００Ｘ１０－６的生石灰清塘后７天，将…     

Biochemical composition and fatty acid profile in a strain of the lineage ‘Nevada’, belonging to the Brachionus plicatilis (Rotifera) complex,fed different diets

A strain of the lineage Brachionus ‘Nevada’ was batch cultured with two diets, differing in biochemical composition: baker's yeast (treatment 1), which has higher protein:lipid ratio compared with CULTURE SELCO (treatment 2). The biochemical composition (DNA, RNA, lipid, protein content) and fatty acid profile of rotifers of both treatments was analysed and related to previously published population structure data. CULTURE SELCO‐fed rotifers showed higher DNA, RNA, lipid, n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) average content, compared with yeast‐fed rotifers, which had higher protein content. Rotifer lipid content showed significant diurnal variation in yeast‐fed rotifers. Rotifer lipid and n‐3 HUFA content was associated with reproductive output. DNA and RNA content was related to embryonic development while protein content, to somatic growth and mixis. The saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid rotifer content was stable irrespective of feed, in contrast to eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and DHA. The levels of AA were similar in both rotifer populations, but those of EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were about half in yeast‐fed compared with CULTURE SELCO‐fed rotifers. CULTURE SELCO resulted in a temporally stable rotifer lipid profile and a better enriched parthenogenetic population.     

光合细菌对多刺裸腹溞培养的影响

在实验室条件下,采用静止培养法对多刺裸腹溞进行培养实验,研究在以酵母和小球藻为饵料的多刺裸腹溞培养中,添加不同浓度光合细菌对其生长繁殖的影响。结果表明:光合细菌(菌液浓度为48×108cell/ml)添加量为1 mg/L(组2)、2mg/L(组3)、64 mg/L(组8)、130 mg/L(组9)和260 mg/L(组10)时,实验组中多刺裸腹溞的生殖量与空白对照(组1)相比均无差异(P>0.05);光合细菌添加量分别为4 mg/L(组4)和8 mg/L(组5)时,实验组中多刺裸腹溞的生殖量明显多于对照组,差异较明显(P<0.05),其对多刺裸腹溞的增长具有明显的促进作用;在16 mg/L(组6)和32 mg/L(组7)时,实验组中多刺裸腹溞的生殖量达到最高峰,分别为对照组的1.54倍和1.40倍,差异十分显著(P<0.05);而当添加量过高,在520~800 mg/L(组11~组14)浓度范围内,实验组中多刺裸腹生殖量呈现急剧下降趋势,显著低于对照组(P<0.05);在本实验设计范围内,浓度等于或高于900 mg/L(组15)时,幼溞在12 d后仍没有达到性成熟,光合细菌对多刺裸腹溞的繁殖明显起抑制作用。以上结果显示,在以酵母与小球藻为饵料的多刺裸腹溞培养中,16~32 mg/L的光合细菌添加量最为适宜,该浓度范围的光合细菌对多刺裸腹溞的生长繁殖具有显著的促进效果。     

褶皱臂尾轮虫培养若干问题探讨

本文就轮虫生产性培养过程中接种密度、投饵量、水质、轮虫生长和营养强化等方面的问题进行探讨,认为:接种密度在用单胞藻培养时应为10～30个/ml,用酵母培养时20～50个/ml;酵母投喂量0 3～0 35g/百万,投喂量不宜过大;酵母投喂的轮虫使用前2d最好用单细胞藻类强化。     

Production and Nutritional Quality of Two Small-Sized Strains of the Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis1

The rotifer Brachionus glicatilis, strain-S (from Japan) and strain-S1 (Pozuelo 1975) were mass cultured using Chlorella and bakers' yeast. Under the same feed regime, a significant increase (P < 0.001) in rotifer strain-S production (44.19 ± 8.50 individuals/mL/d) was observed compared with strain-S1 (29.64 ± 9.38 individuals/mL/d). The population growth rate was significantly higher (P> 0.001), and doubling time was significantly lower (P> 0.0001) in rotifer strain-S than in strain-S1. There was a significant decline (P> 0.001) in birth rate of strain-S rotifers in the culture system compared with strain-S1, suggesting short longevity and deterioration of the culture system while using strain-S. In general, no significant difference (P< 0.05) in the presence of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFA) in different strains of rotifers was observed.     

Rotifers fed various diets of baker''s yeast and/or Nannochloropsis oculata and their effect on the growth and survival of striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) and milkfish (Chanos chanos) larvae

The rotifer Brachionus plicatilis (S-type Hawaiian strain) was cultured with various combinations of baker's yeast and Nannochloropsis oculata. There were no significant differences in the daily rotifer production and amino acid profiles of the resulting rotifers. The significantly lower levels of fatty acids (C14, C16, C20:4n−6, C20:5n−3 and C22:6n−3) observed in the rotifers were found to correspond with the amount of yeast presented in their diet. The low survival and growth of striped mullet larvae recorded at Day 15 posthatching indicates that rotifers fed only yeast were nutritionally deficient in fatty acids. The fatty acid requirements of mullet, however, appeared to be satisfied with rotifers cultured on a combination of yeast and N. oculata. In contrast, no significant differences in larval milkfish survival and growth at Day 10 posthatching were detected when using rotifers fed the various diets in the larval rearing protocol.     

不同饵料对中华绒螯蟹幼体发育和存活的影响

采用高度不饱和脂肪酸（ＨＵＦＡ）营养强化的轮虫、轮虫与卤虫组织投喂中华绒螯蟹幼体,以各项幼体的存活率为评判指标,对不同饵料及其组合的投喂效果进行了探讨。研究结果表明：轮虫是中华绒螯解早期幼体（Ⅰ、Ⅱ期）的适口饵料,幼体存活率随轮虫密度的增加而逐渐上升,但当轮虫数量超过最适密度时,幼体存活率反而有所下降。其中,未强化的轮虫达投喂密度为６０ｉｎｄ．ｍＬ＾－１,强化轮虫最适密度为４０ｉｎｄ．ｍＬ＾－１。Ｚａｏ状Ⅰ、Ⅱ期投喂４０ｉｎｄ．ｍＬ＾－１轮虫,从Ⅲ期开始投喂１０ｉｎｇ．ｍＬ＾－１卤虫无节幼体,能较好地满足中华绒螯蟹幼体发育的营养需求,提高大眼幼体的存活率。表明强化幼体饵料ＨＵＦＡ特别是ＥＰＡ和ＤＨＡ能有效地促进幼体的发育与存活和脱壳率。     

酵母的不同处理方法对其分散度和轮虫培养效果的影响

试验采用多种方式处理酵母,检测处理后的酵母的分散度。处理方式包括搅拌、活化、搅拌+活化。本试验选取30 min和120 min两种活化时间及20℃、30℃、40℃和50℃四个不同的温度梯度对酵母进行处理。结果表明:酵母细胞的分散度为活化后搅拌(直接加水搅拌(直接活化(搅拌后活化。选取酵母细胞密度为2.3×106个/mL,3.3×106个/mL,4.2×106个/mL,5.5×106个/mL,6.4×106个/mL的酵母溶液分别对轮虫进行投喂。结果表明:扩大酵母的分散度,可显著地增加轮虫的增殖率。     

Evaluation of an alkane yeast (Candida sp.) as a substitute for fish meal in Oregon Moist Pellet: Feeding trials with coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

Up to 40% of the fish meal portion of the Oregon Moist Pellet (OMP) was replaced with up to 40% alkane yeast single cell protein (22% of dietary protein) in diets fed to rainbow trout in fresh water, and up to 100% of the fish meal portion was replaced with alkane yeast (54% of dietary protein) in OMP diets fed to coho salmon in salt water. Salmon diets were supplemented with DL-methionine to correct for a suspected deficiency in this essential amino acid. Alkane yeast was an acceptable substitute for fish meal at all levels tested in trout. Only 25% yeast substitution was judged to be acceptable in the OMP diet for marine-cultured coho salmon, causing less than 4% reduction in growth. In marine-cultured coho salmon, growth was depressed further at fish meal substitution levels greater than 25%, while supplementation with DL-methionine enhanced growth and feed conversion only slightly.     

几种单胞藻对褶皱臂尾轮虫的营养强化研究

利用气相色谱法测定了小球藻、牟氏角毛藻、球等鞭金藻和投喂不同藻类后12h的褶皱臂尾轮虫的脂肪酸含量。试验结果表明,不论是投喂单种藻类还是2种混合藻类,强化后的轮虫其体内的脂肪酸含量均发生了明显变化,其中单链脂肪酸及低度不饱和脂肪酸的含量在投喂前后没有变化,各种脂肪酸的含量界于未强化的轮虫和所投喂的单胞藻饵料含量之间。3种高度不饱和脂肪酸的含量,除了二十二碳六烯酸因在牟氏角毛藻中含量较低,在单独投喂牟氏角毛藻后的轮虫中未检测出外,其余均与其所投喂的单胞藻的脂肪酸一致;轮虫中被检出的3种高度不饱和脂肪酸的含量,在单种藻类试验组中均低于所投喂藻类的含量;在2种藻类混合试验组中界于2种单胞藻含量之间。混合藻类比单种藻类强化轮虫具有更加全面的营养效果。