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1.
探究环境中分散橙S-4RL对水生藻类的污染胁迫,为评估合成染料对水生生态环境的风险提供参考依据。分散橙S-4RL(C.I.分散橙30)纯度≥95%,水华微囊藻(Microcystisflos-aquae)、蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)按照OECD 201藻类生长试验规定培养。最终染毒浓度分别为0.625、1.25、2.5、5、10 mg/L,使用多脉冲调制叶绿素荧光仪每24 h测定叶绿素a含量1次,其他叶绿素荧光参数每隔48 h测定1次。结果表明:(1)在试验浓度范围内,分散橙S-4RL对蛋白核小球藻的叶绿素a含量具有促进作用,其中最低浓度(0.625 mg/L)处理组在第6天达到了空白对照组的115%;而分散橙S-4RL对水华微囊藻的叶绿素a含量均呈现抑制作用。(2)分散橙S-4RL对蛋白核小球藻和水华微囊藻光合反应过程最大光能转换效率(F_v/F_m),PSⅡ的潜在活性(F_v/F_0)以及初始斜率(α)影响不大;但蛋白核小球藻和水华微囊藻的最大电子传递速率(ETR_(max))和半饱和光强点(I_k)均随着分散橙S-4RL浓度增加而增加,在试验第5天,水华微囊藻的ETR_(max)和I_k均为空白对照组的119%。2种微藻对分散橙S-4RL的胁迫敏感性不同,但都能提高光合活性来缓解胁迫。  相似文献   

2.
试验按生态基表面积占水泥池水体表面积比值(比表面积),设置50%(S-50)、100%(S-100)、150%(S-150)和对照组(无生态基)四个试验组,研究生态基挂设密度对草鱼生长性能和血清酶活性的影响。结果显示,S-100和S-150处理组草鱼的末重、增重率及特定生长率无显著差异,但均显著高于对照组和S-50组,饲料转化率均显著低于对照组,S-100处理组存活率显著高于其它处理组。S-100组水体COD含量显著低于对照组的,附着生物量(VSS)显著高于其它处理组。S-100与S-150组的过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均无显著差异,但均显著低于对照组和S-50组。试验组谷草转氨酶活性(AST)显著低于对照组。结果表明,生态基挂设密度影响草鱼的生长及其血清酶活性,挂设密度过高抑制微生物的附着生长,但超过100%的生态基挂设密度在一定程度上可能促进草鱼机体内的活性氧自由基代谢平衡,增强机体的抗氧化能力,促进草鱼生长。在本试验条件下,当挂设生态基的表面积占池塘水体表面积比值(比表面积)100%时,不仅可显著促进草鱼生长,提高养殖产量,降低饵料系数,而且能有效减少生态基使用量,进而降低生产成本。  相似文献   

3.
为探究固定化微藻去除养殖废水中磷酸盐和氨氮的效果,以斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)为藻种,采用海藻酸钠包埋技术,开展了不同栅藻包埋密度(S-1组2.52×10~(4 )cells/mL、S-50组1.26×10~6cells/mL和S-100组2.52×10~(6 )cells/mL)的净化对比试验,同时考察了包埋密度对藻细胞生长的影响。结果表明:包埋密度对磷酸盐和氨氮的去除效果以及藻细胞生长速率的影响显著(P0.05)。包埋密度越高,去除磷酸盐和氨氮的效果越好,S-1、S-50和S-100组对磷酸盐的终末去除率分别为61.11%、83.33%和88.89%,对氨氮的终末去除率分别为39.95%、50.00%和57.53%。S-1、S-50和S-100组栅藻的生长速率K值S-1S-50S-100,即随着藻细胞包埋密度增大,生长速率K值逐渐减小。  相似文献   

4.
五、甲苯咪唑甲苯咪唑为白色、类白色或微黄色粉末,无臭。能引起虫体肠细胞浆微管消失,能不可逆地抑制虫体对葡萄糖的利用,导致虫体糖原和三磷酸腺苷耗尽,使虫体生长发育受阻,或能延长细胞内水解酶的存留,从而加速虫体皮层的溶解。  相似文献   

5.
日本的专家认为,鱼的新鲜程度降低并不是细菌分解引起的,而是鱼体肌肉的生化变化造成的。鱼体肌肉中的三磷酸腺苷(ATP)分解过程如下:ATP(三磷酸腺苷)一ADP(二磷酸腺苷)一AMP(一磷酸腺苷)一IMP(肌苷—磺酸)一HxR(肌苷)一Hx(hypoxthantine)。据此,日本研究了一种实用的生化测定方法来测定鱼类鲜度指数,即K值,K值是HxR+Hx对ATP分解物的总量的百分比。日本已研制成一种简便而又廉价的K值测量  相似文献   

6.
采用比色法测定了在不同玻璃化冻存液中冻存1、2、4、8d时斑马鱼卵母细胞中谷胱甘肽含量和三磷酸腺苷酶的活性,以研究玻璃化冻存对卵母细胞谷胱甘肽含量和线粒体三磷酸腺苷酶活性的影响。试验结果显示,V4组斑马鱼(玻璃化液组分是:1.5mol/L甲醇、6.0mol/L乙二醇、0.25mol/L蔗糖)卵母细胞冻存1、2、4、8d后存活率最高[分别为(48.89±2.58)%、(39.35±1.34)%、(24.18±2.32)%和(14.56±1.64)%],显著高于其他组。经玻璃化冻存后,斑马鱼卵母细胞谷胱甘肽含量和线粒体三磷酸腺苷酶活性均随冻存天数的增加而显著下降(P0.05)。V4组的谷胱甘肽含量[(13.37±0.59)mg/g]和线粒体三磷酸腺苷酶活性较高,线粒体Ca~(2+)-三磷酸腺苷酶[(3.823±0.144)U/mg]、Mg~(2+)-三磷酸腺苷酶[(4.503±0.144)U/mg]和Na~+/K~+-三磷酸腺苷酶[(7.520±0.198)U/mg]活性最高。各组细胞的活性随着冻存天数的增加而逐渐下降。试验结果表明,玻璃化冻存不能完全避免低温和冷冻保护剂的毒性和对卵母细胞的损伤。  相似文献   

7.
甲壳动物Na+,K+-ATPase研究概况   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
腺苷三磷酸酶(adenosine triphosphatase,ATPase,EC,3,6,1,3)属于磷酸水解酶,可以催化含磷的酸酐分解,反应式:ATP+H2O→ADP+Pi。它存在于细胞及细胞器的膜上,是生物膜上一类重要的膜结合蛋白酶,它在物质运输、能量转换及信息传递方面具有重要的作用。  相似文献   

8.
条斑紫菜半胱氨酸合成酶基因的电子克隆与分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
从网络共享的条斑紫菜(PorphyrayezoensisUeda)表达序列标签(expressed sequencetag,EST)数据库检索出与拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)半胱氨酸合成酶(cysteine synthase,CSase)基因高度相似的EST序列,构建EST叠连群(contig),并依据contig设计引物.提取条斑紫菜叶状体总RNA,采用RT-PCR方法,扩增得到了条斑紫菜半胱氨酸合成酶基因(PyCSase-B)的cDNA序列(GenBank accession:FJ232911).该cDNA序列含有长1 152 nt的完整开放阅读框,编码产物(PyCSase-B)的分子量39.3 kD,长383 AA.PyCSase-B的N端前60个氨基酸残基构成了叶绿体转运肽序列,成熟的PyCSase-B定位在叶绿体中.PyCSase-B与紫红紫菜(P.purpurea)、莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)、拟南芥和水稻(Oryza sativa)的序列一致性分别为94%、69%、64%和65%,进化树显示PyCSase-B在进化上处在细菌和高等植物之间.PyCSase-B含有与5'-磷酸吡哆醛(Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate)和O-乙酰丝氨酸(O-acetylserine)结合的保守氨基酸残基和序列,含有将硫转移到半胱氨酸的保守残基;成熟PyCSase-B单体的三维结构与拟南芥CSase相似,由2个α/β结构域组成.PyCSase-B的成功克隆与生物信息学分析有助于进一步研究其在条斑紫菜抗逆调控中的作用.  相似文献   

9.
为了研究生态基系统中细菌群落组成与草鱼生长的关系,实验按生态基表面积占养殖水体表面积的比值50%、100%、150% (S-50、S-100、S-150),设置3个不同密度的生态基养殖系统。首先测量处理组和对照组的草鱼生长性状,进而利用高通量测序技术分析水体中和生态基上的细菌群落组成,探索生态基系统内细菌群落与草鱼生长的关系。结果显示,S-100和 S-150组的草鱼增重率与特定生长率均显著高于S-50和对照组;S-100组的存活率显著高于其他组;S-100和S-150组的饲料转换率均显著低于对照组。细菌群落分析发现:①与水体相比,生态基上γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)比例增加,且该菌在S-100组中显著高于其他组;②水体中细菌主要以黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)、红细菌属(Rhodobacte)、鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)和浮霉状菌属(Planctomyces)为主,生态基上不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和金黄杆菌属(Chryseobacterium)占较高比例,并且后3种细菌在S-100组中比例显著高于其他组;③在可鉴定的种水平上,生态基上的细菌主要以产碱假单胞菌(P. alcaligene)和蜡样芽胞杆菌(Bacillus cereu)为主,其中产碱假单胞菌在S-100和S-150组最高。综合草鱼生长性状、细菌群落组成及生态基生产成本分析发现,生态基比表面积为100%时效果最佳,即细菌多样性和潜在益生菌比例高,饵料系数最低,草鱼的存活率和增重率最高。  相似文献   

10.
谷胱甘肽S-转移酶是动植物重要的解毒酶,分布广泛,类型众多。本研究利用生物信息学方法和RT-PCR技术获得了条斑紫菜一条新谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(PyGST2)基因的cDNA序列,该基因含有完整的开放阅读框,并且受到铅胁迫的诱导表达。PyGST2蛋白具有谷胱甘肽S-转移酶家族的保守结构域和保守氨基酸残基,与Mu型谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的序列一致性最高,与Alpha、Sigma和Pi型谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的次之,在进化树上远离高等植物的各型谷胱甘肽S-转移酶,而与动物的Mu型谷胱甘肽S-转移酶聚为一支。该Mu型谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的克隆为后续研究条斑紫菜抗逆机制奠定了基础。  相似文献   

11.
Phosphatidylcholine is synthesized endogenously through the enzyme phosphatidylethanolamine–methyl transferase. As endogenous choline synthesis requires methyl groups from S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM), the endogenous synthesis of choline may depend on SAM availability. SAM availability depends on methionine and ATP. SAM is also a precursor for cysteine and may affect taurine and glutathione concentrations. To investigate whether choline synthesis or transsulphuration is prioritized and the interactions between taurine and choline supplementation when methionine availability is low, juvenile Atlantic salmon were fed low methionine diets with and without taurine and choline supplementation. There were no differences in growth or protein accretion following treatments. Fish fed the low methionine diets did not develop a fatty liver, but choline supplementation increased the concentration of total phospholipids in liver and muscle. Taurine supplementation increased taurine concentrations in liver and muscle, but no interactions with choline were present. Liver SAM was unaffected by treatments. Two of three tanks fed the low methionine diet without choline and taurine supplementation had a higher gene expression of p38MAPK (mitogen activated phosphokinase). Choline supplementation to low methionine diets thus may have beneficial effect on the metabolic health and lipid transport to extra‐hepatic tissues. Taurine supplementation had no effect on phospholipids status, but increased taurine concentration in tissues and as such may affect oxidation status when methionine availability is low.  相似文献   

12.
法尼酸甲基转移酶(farnesoic acid O-methyl transferase,FA-O-MeT)具有催化法尼酸(farnesoic acid,FA)转变成甲基法尼酯(methyl farnesoate,MF)的功能。运用放射化学法对克氏原螯虾不同发育期大颚器(mandibular organ,MO)FA-O-MeT的酶活进行了分析,并探讨了眼柄因子对FA-O-MeT酶活的调控。结果表明,克氏原螯虾MO中的FA-O-MeT酶活左、右侧对称,差异不显著(P>0.05);FA-O-MeT酶活随卵巢发育呈周期性变化,次级卵黄发生期的MO酶活最高,达到61.75 pmol/(p·h);镊烫法破坏眼柄内的X器官窦腺复合体后,FA-O-MeT酶活逐渐上升,第5天酶活达到最高;利用眼柄内的窦腺提取物体外培养处理MO,检测到其对FA-O-MeT酶活具有强烈的抑制作用(P<0.01)。研究表明,克氏原螯虾FA-O-MeT酶活与卵巢发育密切相关,且其生理活性受到眼柄X器官窦腺复合体的负调控。  相似文献   

13.
The effects of the cryoprotectants dimethyl sulfoxide, glycerol and methyl glycol at different concentrations on Austrolebias minuano sperm quality parameters were evaluated in this study. The cellular kinetic parameters, determined using flow cytometry, indicated the best results with the samples cryopreserved with 7.5% methyl glycol. Dimethyl sulfoxide concentrations of 7.5% and glycerol concentrations of 10%, 12.5% and 15% demonstrated the least benefit across all evaluated sperm kinetic parameters. When assessed using flow cytometry, a concentration of 7.5% methyl glycol similarly showed better sperm kinetic parameters than 12.5% dimethyl sulfoxide. We conclude that cryoprotectants, especially methyl glycol, are effective for the preservation of sperm quality in A. minuano. However, high sensitivity of spermatozoa against glycerol was observed in these studies; thus, it is not recommended for cryopreservation purposes.  相似文献   

14.
This study compared the feed preference and growth response of Litopenaeus vannamei to chemoattractants. A diet with 3% fishmeal was supplemented with either 3% salmon meal (POS), 3% soy protein concentrate (NEG), 3% krill meal (KRM), 3% squid meal (SQM), 3% shrimp head meal (SHM), 3% shrimp meal (SM), 3% squid liver meal (SLM), or 5% liquid sardine hydrolysate (SAH). Shrimp with a body weight (BW) of 0.99 ± 0.08 g were stocked at 100 animals/m2 in 56 tanks of 1 m3 and fed 10 times daily for 74 days. Feed preference was evaluated by feeding shrimp of 10.87 ± 1.82 g in excess twice a day for 10 days in two separate feeding trays allocated in 50 tanks of 0.5 m3. Survival reached 93.3 ± 5.80% and was unaffected by supplementation. Final BW was the highest for shrimp fed the KRM‐supplemented diet (11.97 ± 0.93 g), followed by POS (11.11 ± 0.77 g) and SQM (11.01 ± 1.17 g). Diets SHM, SM, SLM, and NEG showed a lower shrimp BW than POS, but were not statistically different among them. Shrimp fed the SAH diet achieved the lowest BW (10.06 ± 1.02 g). The highest gained yield was obtained with diets KRM and POS. No statistical difference was observed in shrimp yield among other diets. The lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was achieved with shrimp fed KRM (1.31 ± 0.05) when compared to diets SHM (1.47 ± 0.05), SAH (1.47 ± 0.07), and SLM (1.45 ± 0.17). Two‐by‐two comparisons indicated that shrimp preferred SHM and KRM, except when these were compared to SQM and SLM. No difference in feed preference was found between diets with SQM and SLM. SAH was the least preferred raw material in all comparisons. Results indicated that KRM acts as a powerful feeding effector and growth enhancer in fishmeal‐challenged diets for whiteleg shrimp. A dietary supplementation with 3% KRM is more effective than the same dose of any other chemoattractant evaluated.  相似文献   

15.
16.
为了解甲基法呢酯(methyl farnesoate,MF)在中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)卵巢发育中的调控作用,采用离体方法研究了中华绒螯蟹大颚器(mandibular organ,MO)以及X-器官窦腺复合体(X-organ-sinus gland,XO-SG)对卵巢发育的作用。将MO与离体卵母细胞共培养作为实验组1,将MO和XO-SG与离体卵母细胞共培养作为实验组2,仅添加培养液的卵母细胞作为对照组。实验发现,蟹去眼柄(eyestalk ablation,ESA)后的第1、3、6、14天,同对照组相比,MO对其卵母细胞的发育均有极显著促进作用。ESA处理第6天,MO对卵母细胞发育的促进作用最强。XO-SG能逆转ESA处理后MO对卵巢发育的促进作用(P<0.01)。荧光定量PCR技术检测结果显示,ESA处理后,MO中法呢酸甲基转移酶(farnesoic acid O-methyltransferase,FAMeT)mRNA相对表达量上升。同未去眼柄的对照组相比,第1、3天FAMeT mRNA表达丰度无明显变化(P>0.05),第6、14天表达丰度提高至265%左右(P<0.01)。结果表明,中华绒螯蟹MO功能性物质能够促进卵母细胞发育,且ESA处理后第6天MO生物效应最强。MO中FAMeT mRNA的合成受XO-SG的抑制调节。在离体条件下,中华绒螯蟹XO-SG能够抑制卵母细胞的发育。  相似文献   

17.
尼罗罗非鱼卵黄脂磷蛋白的分离纯化与性质鉴定   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
采用Sephacryl S-300过滤层析和DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析相结合的方法从尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)成熟卵子匀浆液中分离纯化出了一种高分子量的蛋白。该蛋白能被Schiff试剂、甲基绿和苏丹黑B着色,Western blot显示能被金鱼卵黄脂磷蛋白(lipovitellin,Lv)多克隆抗血清特异性识别,在非变性条件下分子量约为560 k D,在SDS变性条件下分子量约为112 k D,结果表明分离纯化的蛋白是一种含有糖、磷、脂基团的蛋白,符合鱼类Lv的性质,且与金鱼Lv有免疫交叉反应,从蛋白的性质和免疫原性以及分子量大小等角度判断,本研究获得的高纯度蛋白为尼罗罗非鱼卵黄脂磷蛋白;纯化的罗非鱼Lv在反复冻融、37℃及60℃处理条件下均未出现降解,表明罗非鱼Lv比鱼类卵黄原蛋白(Vitellogenin,Vtg)更为稳定。研究结果为罗非鱼Lv抗体的制备奠定了基础。  相似文献   

18.
谢熙  朱冬发  崔晓雨  汤洁  邱锡尔 《水产学报》2013,37(7):994-1001
法尼酸甲基转移酶(farnesoic acid O-methyl transferase, FAMeT)是甲基法尼酯(methyl farnesoate, MF)生物合成途径中最后一步的关键酶,MF是一种类似昆虫保幼激素(juvenile hormone, JH)的倍半萜,在甲壳动物的生长发育及繁殖过程中起到了重要作用。本文克隆得到了三疣梭子蟹FAMeT的全长cDNA序列(GenBank登录号:KC192659),它包括一个201bp 的5非编码区、一个318bp的 3非编码区,和一个825bp的开放阅读框(ORF),编码274个氨基酸;推导的氨基酸序列与已公布的其他甲壳动物FAMeT进行比对,发现一致性达75%-97%,其中与远海梭子蟹FAMeT的一致性最高;而且该氨基酸序列由两个CF(CPAMD8/FAMeT)区域组成,这两个CF区域是FAMeT的标志,在所有甲壳动物的FAMeT里均有发现,因此推导的氨基酸序列是三疣梭子蟹FAMeT基因。我们运用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)的方法分析了其在不同组织中、不同蜕皮周期中的表达量变化,发现FAMeT在三疣梭子蟹的各个组织里均有表达且在胸神经节(Taoracic ganglia)里表达最强;在三疣梭子蟹蜕皮过程中,大颚器FAMeT在D1期表达最强,然后逐渐下降至D4最低。该结果表明FAMeT在三疣梭子蟹蜕皮调控中起着重要的作用。  相似文献   

19.
ABSTRACT

On-growing of horse mackerel is not known in the world. Recently, we have initiated on-growing of the Mediterranean horse mackerel in the Black Sea. Therefore, we aim to compare proximate composition and fatty acid profile of on-growing and wild horse mackerels to evaluate the effect on their nutritional value. Captured horse mackerels less than 13 cm were kept on-growing in sea cages and fed sea bass feed for a year in the southern Turkish Black Sea. Results showed seasonal variations in the proximate contents and fatty acid profile of both on-growing and wild fish groups (p < 0.05). Protein contents of the wild horse mackerel group were significantly higher than the on-growing mackerel group, while the opposite situation was observed for lipid contents (p < 0.05). Despite higher eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels (as fatty acid methyl esters %) of wild horse mackerel in comparison with on-growing group, much higher EPA + DHA contents were accounted for in on-growing fish in the edible portion resulting from higher lipid contents of these samples. The results suggest that lower amounts of fish meat, 50–90 g, from on-growing mackerel would cover the daily suggested value of EPA + DHA; this level is calculated as 51–150 g for wild fish meat.  相似文献   

20.
Six micro‐bound diets were formulated to contain three levels of choline chloride (CC) (0.0, 0.6 and 1.2 g kg−1) and 2 levels of methionine (Met) (0 and 15 g kg−1). Soybean protein isolates (SPI) were used as the main protein source for its limited Met content. A significant (P < 0.05) interaction was determined between CC and Met on the survival (S %), weight gain (WG%), specific growth rate (SGR % day−1), feed efficiency ratio (FER), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and phosphatidylcholine (PC), phoshphatidylethanolamine (PE) and Met contents of the whole body of shrimp. The shrimp group did not receive either supplemental CC or Met showed lower (P < 0.05) values of the above‐mentioned parameters than other shrimp groups fed with 0.6 and 1.2 g kg−1 supplemental CC with or without Met supplementation. The present study showed that supplementation of 1.2 g kg−1 CC in the diets could compensate shrimp post‐larvae with the needed methyl group when received Met‐deficient diets. The study also assumed that the biosynthesis of PC in the shrimp’s body can be achieved by the methylation of PE through the S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM) pathway and/or through the cytosine di‐phosphoryl (CDP) choline pathway directly from dietary choline.  相似文献   

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