甘肃 水产养殖新品种引进现状及发展战略

甘肃省地处黄河上游,省内水利资源很丰富,有黄河、长江、内陆河3个流域,9大水系。境内比较大的河流有450条,地下水资源每年为182亿多立方,水库有340多座,面积33万亩、湖泊18万亩,冷水资源分布广泛。省内鱼类品种资源也很丰富,黄河流域分布有土著鱼类48种,     

发展渔业生产 尽快解决我市吃鱼难问题

我市是一个新兴的工业城市，直辖四县一市一郊，境内主要河流有洣江、攸水、渌江和湘江，塘库星罗棋布，河流纵横交错。全市总水面达61万多亩，可养鱼水面有21万多亩。全市共有大小水库539座，面积8万多亩，多数水库集雨面积大，森林覆盖率高，有大量落叶及有机质注入库内，属于“营养或富营养型”水域，     

天下黄河富宁夏——蓬勃发展的宁夏水产业

宁夏回族自治区位于祖国大陆的西北腹地,黄河中游上段。黄河由西南向东北斜贯全境。水域总面积达86.33万亩,其中可利用养鱼的水面26.81万亩,尚有百余万亩稻田,二百多万亩盐碱荒滩,可开发水     

甘肃省发展鲑鳟鱼类养殖的现状问题及对策

甘肃省地处黄土高原、青藏高原和内蒙古高原的交汇处,由于地理和气候的原因,省内水利资源丰富,有黄河、长江、内陆河等3个流域,9大水系。境内比较大的河流有450条,地下水资源为182亿多立方/年;水库有340多座,面积33万亩;湖泊18万亩,其中,冷水资源不仅数量巨大,类型多样,而且分布广泛,发展鲑鳟鱼养殖具有得天独厚的条件。据统计,2002年全省水产养殖面积达30万亩,水产品总产量达1.5万吨,渔业总产值达1.8亿元,其中,鲑鳟鱼养殖面积234亩,产量1500吨,产值4500万元,占全省水产品总产量、渔业总产值的10%和25%,养殖品种有虹鳟、金鳟、大西洋鲑、银…     

黄河滩区取土坑网箱养殖试验

<正>东明县是黄河入鲁第一县,境内沿黄线长63公里。由于修建黄河大堤和大堤复堤工程,使黄河大堤沿线形成涝洼地面积4万余亩,其中大型取土坑面积近2万亩,这些取土坑连片,少则数十亩,多则数百亩,甚至上千亩。取土坑常年水深保持4米以上,多数十余米深。随着近年来我县渔业的发展,沿黄线部分荒洼地逐渐得到开发利用,但对大水面深水资源的利用仍是空白。     

黄河两岸建立商品鱼基地

河南省境内的黄河两岸，有低洼地100多万亩，是用来建立商品鱼基地的好地方。     

挖塘抬田 改造盐碱 发展渔业 富民富县

大荔县位于陕西关中东部,东隔黄河与山西永济相望。全县总土地面积228万亩,其中耕地124万亩,有可利用改良的土地约48万亩,是全国养鱼基地县。1982年我们开始利用盐碱荒地大搞商品鱼基地建设,至1990年底,已在无法耕种的荒滩地上建成渔业基地精养鱼塘912口,养鱼水面7814.7亩,平均每年新增养鱼水面1000多亩,淤地造田6678亩,几年来向社会提供商品鱼6383.2吨,其中1990年生产商品鱼     

泗阳县河蟹与其他水产品常见的几种套养模式

江苏省泗阳县县位于洪泽湖北部,沟河渠纵横交错,鱼池汪塘星罗棋布,京杭大运河、废黄河、六塘河、大涧河横贯全境,是苏北水产大县,全县总水面65万亩.境内洪泽湖区总水面40万亩,底部平坦,水位稳定,水质清新,水草资源丰富,为发展水产养殖业提供了得天独厚的优越条件.2012年养殖水面26.5万亩,其中河蟹养殖面积12万亩.在河蟹养殖技术方面,该县主要采取无公害高密度精养.在放养密度上,一般每667 m2放养规格在150～200只/kg扣蟹1 500只以上.     

基于养殖环境容量的黄河鲤生态高效养殖技术

<正>梁山县地处黄河下游南岸,黄河过境段长31km,水面约1.2万亩,河滩面积8.25万亩,丰富的黄河水资源非常适宜黄河鲤鱼的养殖。但长期以来,梁山县黄河鲤养殖产业高耗、低产问题严峻。黄河鲤养殖场养殖技术匮乏、管理不到位,鱼药、饲料过量使用问题突     

盐碱地池塘越冬管理技术措施

正陕西省大荔县有养殖池塘近4万亩,大多分布在黄河滩,黄河滩都是盐碱地。冬季来临,由于雨水减少,地下水位也下降,给养殖鱼类越冬带来了诸多不利影响。特别是盐碱地池塘中,各种离子原本就多,这时因相对浓缩,其浓度增大,使盐度、酸碱度及其他化学成分组成变化剧烈,水质极不稳定,调控难度大。因此,鱼机体应激     

斑节对虾虾苗活力检测方法

该研究通过肉眼观察、镜检，进行干露、饥饿、盐度突降、福尔马林等抗性试验，并采用病毒检测等方法，以期建立评估斑节对虾（Penaeus monodon）虾苗活力和质量标准。结果表明，斑节对虾健康虾苗具有趋光性、集群性，体表光洁，肌肉透亮，肠胃食物充盈等特性。测试虾苗干露时间以15min为宜，健康虾苗干露后能立即恢复活力，而病弱虾苗多出现死亡、昏迷现象；虾苗的成活率随饥饿时间的延长而降低，随福尔马林浓度升高和时间延长而降低，随盐度突降幅度增加而降低。健康虾苗能忍受100～200μL·L^-1福尔马林溶液30min，成活率近100％；在盐度20～30下虾苗的成活情况较好，而其在淡水中仅能存活1h。对虾苗进行病毒检测，可以避免养殖中因虾苗携带病毒而可能导致的病毒性疾病的暴发。     

金鳟、虹鳟苗种长途运输实例

鳟鱼发眼卵和旨种运输是养鳟生产的重要环节。发眼卵多在冬季和早春运输，苗种多在晚春和夏季运输。苗种运输大多以鱼篓充氧进行短距离汽车运输，长途运输冷水性鱼苗种的实例很少。本文总结了金鳟和虹鳟苗种长途运输方法，以期与养鳟业界共同交流提高。一、包装材料和方法内包装材料是苗种运输专用塑料袋，规格54×104cm，外包装是泡沫塑料箱，规格63.5×45.5×30．5cm，纸箱规格64×46×32．5cm。塑料袋采取双层式，内装苗种和水共12.5kg，其中苗种0.5-1．3kg，100－2000尾。起运前苗种停食1－2天。运鱼用水水温调至6℃，鱼、水入袋后袋内…     

母猪胎衣不下的病因与防治要点

猪的胎盘属于弥散型胎盘,这种胎盘的结构特点和饲养管理的不当,常常导致母猪胎衣不下发生,给生猪的生产繁殖带来极大损失。本文针对母猪胎衣不下发生病因、综合防治进行详细阐述,旨在对预防和治疗胎衣不下能有所帮助。     

Estimation of variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum by survival analysis of experimental infection of salmonid fish

The variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum , the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in salmonid fish, was studied by infecting rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with two isolates (strains 325 and 932) from diseased Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and one isolate (strain 4366) from an apparently healthy Atlantic salmon. Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), were injected with the strain 932 to estimate difference in fish species resistance. Fish were removed by random sampling for other study purposes, a study design possible with analysis of lifetime distributions incorporating both sampling-, death- and survival-times. At the end of the experiment, the rainbow trout infected with strains 325, 932 and 4366 had a survival probability of 33%, 51% and 72%, respectively. The coho salmon infected with strain 932 had a 26% survival probability. The strain differences were significant according to the log-rank test, and the risk ratio between the strains ranged from 1·8 to 5·4. The strain from the apparently healthy fish was least virulent. The survival of the fish species was different over time. Rainbow trout were more likely to die early in the time course, but high numbers of coho died later, resulting in an overall risk of mortality of 1·4 in favour of rainbow trout. Differences in virulence may reflect changed selective pressure on R. salmoninarum when introduced from feral stocks into the environment of fish farms.     

Characterization of protease inhibitors of seminal plasma of cyprinids

Anti-proteinase activity was demonstrated in the seminal plasma of cyprinid fish species (bream, chub, ide, dace, asp, goldfish, roach, common carp) using electrophoretic techniques combined with a detection method based on inhibition of bovine trypsin. We found species-specific protease inhibitors in the seminal plasma of cyprinids. At least three bands of protease inhibitors with different migration rates could be identified by native PAGE. Higher variability was characterized for bands with slower migration rates. Visualization of inhibitors after SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions allowed estimation of their molecular weights. Apparent molecular weights were within the range of 51–59 and 47–54 kDa for the bands with slower and moderate migration rates, respectively. The molecular weight of fast migration bands for roach and common carp were estimated to 23 and 30 kDa, respectively. Inhibitors of common carp seminal plasma differed in their affinity toward serine proteases. Three inhibitors in common carp seminal plasma could be visualized using cod and bovine trypsin, but only two inhibitors (of high molecular weight) were recognized with chymotrypsin. There were differences in anti-proteinase activity and seminal plasma protein concentration in relation to the origin of common carp seminal plasma (breeding lines) and time of milt collection (spawning vs. post-spawning season).     

水硬度对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼发育的影响

采用不同硬度的水对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼进行饲养。6周龄幼鱼在硬度为7.94°dH±0.30°dH时饲养84d后,比在硬度为14.71°dH±0.23°dH水中的幼鱼个体大,生长速度快。表明较高硬度的水有利于七彩神仙鱼幼鱼的生长发育。     

不同年龄细鳞鱼的繁育效果

研究了不同年龄组(3～8龄)细鳞鱼(Bachymystax lenok Pallas)亲鱼的繁育效果,分析其繁育主要技术,包括亲鱼培育、繁育技术、受精卵孵化、鱼苗培育等,结果发现,5～6龄和7～8龄细鳞鱼产卵量没有明显差异,产卵量、孵化率、出苗率均较高,繁殖效果明显好于3～4龄亲鱼。     

海口市近海渔业资源衰退的原因分析与对策建议

在分析海口市海洋渔业资源和海洋捕捞现状的基础上，提出了近海渔业资源衰退的6项原因和加快保护和修复资源的10项措施和建议。     

虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄营养成分分析

本实验对虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄的营养成分进行分析,旨在探讨其幼体的营养需求量,为其幼体配合饲料研制提供参考数据。随机选取大约800个虎斑乌贼受精卵的卵黄,采用国家标准方法测定其水分、灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素含量。结果表明:1)虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄中粗蛋白质含量为76.33%(干重基础);总氨基酸(TAA)和必需氨基酸(EAA)含量分别为71.22%和32.38%(干重基础),EAA/TAA为45.46%,氨基酸中以谷氨酸(Glu)含量最高(9.97%),必需氨基酸中亮氨酸(Leu)含量最高(7.58%)。2)其粗脂肪含量12.71%(干重基础);共检出17种脂肪酸,包括8种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、5种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和4种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),SFA、MUFA和PUFA分别占脂肪酸总量的43.47%、7.54%和49.25%,其中以DHA含量最高,达32.80%,EPA含量为7.70%,DHA/EPA为4.26。3)检测出Na、K、Ca、Mg、Sr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Al和As 矿物元素,微量元素中富含Zn、Al和Fe,含量分别为 0.77、0.71和0.43 mg/kg(鲜重基础)。由此可见,卵黄具有高蛋白、低脂肪,富含n-3PUFA的特点;虎斑乌贼幼体饲料中蛋白质需求量参考值为76.33%;氨基酸需求量参考值,如赖氨酸(Lys)为5.49%,蛋氨酸(Met)为2.63%;脂肪的需求量参考值为12.71%,DHA为4.17%,EPA为0.98%;微量元素需求量参考值,如Zn为2.77 mg/kg,Cu为0.19 mg/kg(干重基础)。     

Histopathology of respiratory organs of certain air-breathing fishes of India

Air-breathing fishes have evolved bimodal respiratory mechanisms for exploitation of water (through gills and highly vascularized skin) as well as atmospheric air (through aerial respiratory organs, ABO). Mucous cells in these respiratory organs of variously stressed fishes exhibit periodic fluctuations in their density and staining properties. The main types of damage in the gills include congestion of blood capillaries (BLCs), periodic lifting and sloughing of respiratory epithelia of the secondary lamellae causing haemorrhage, extensive fusion of secondary lamellae and hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia due to uncontrolled regeneration leading to asphyxiation, altered excretion, and death of the fish. Haemolysis has also been observed following lead exposure. The damage in the ABO of Heteropneustes fossilis includes sloughing of the epithelial cells, leading to haemorrhage causing decreased red blood corpuscles density and degeneration of the secondary gill lamellae with reduced respiratory area. Subsequent hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia and fusion of gill lamellae increase the respiratory barrier distance. The BLCs often bulge out and protrude into the lumen, bringing blood nearer to air. The ladder-like pillar cell (PLC)-BLC components of the gill lamellae frequently collapse. Damage to the ABO of Channa striata is less severe. Often haemorrhaging due to bursting of extensively stretched BLCs causes aerial respiratory failure. Chloride cells of the ABOs also show hyperplasia. While the highly mucogenic epidermis of C. striata shows less damage, the epidermis of Clarias batrachus and H. fossilis shows severe wear and tear, sloughing, and haemorrhage. Side-by-side regeneration continues, causing altered histomorphology of the epidermis. The different gland cells also show periodic fluctuations in their density and staining. The dermis also shows severe damage with loosening of their connective tissue fibres. These fibres give stronger reactions for sulfated mucin that not only retain additional water molecules for continuance of skin breathing, but also bind the toxic ambient pollutants.