泼河水库叶绿素a的分布特征与环境因子的关系

本实验在2012年9月~2013年9月期间,每季节采样一次,测定泼河水库叶绿素a(chl.a)的浓度,分析泼河水库叶绿素a的分布特征及其与总氮(TN)及总磷(TP)等环境因子的相关性。结果发现,泼河水库叶绿素a浓度的季节分布由高至低为夏季春季秋季冬季;空间分布为春季和夏季河流入库口叶绿素a的浓度高于其他水域;因子相关性分析表明,春季和夏季泼河水库叶绿素a浓度与水体中总磷的浓度相关,其中夏季相关性极其显著。     

三峡水库小江回水区叶绿素a与环境因子时空变化

于2013年1-12月在小江水华暴发的敏感区域高阳断面开展了水文、营养盐、叶绿素a等指标长期、定点监测,分析库湾水体叶绿素a及环境因子的时空变化特征及其相互关系。结果表明高阳断面水体在1月、10-12月处于混合状态,3-8月则处于弱分层到稳定分层状态。水体在混合状态时各理化因子、营养盐及叶绿素a分层变化不显著；而处于分层状态时,各层水体氮磷营养盐呈现较显著差异,时间分布上冬季略高于夏季,干流倒灌对高阳断面营养盐的季节分布影响显著。叶绿素a浓度呈现明显的夏季高、冬季低的趋势,水体分层对叶绿素a垂向分布影响显著,当水体处于分层状态时,表层叶绿素浓度明显高于中、底层。高阳断面各层水体叶绿素a浓度与硝氮和可溶性磷酸盐呈显著负相关,表明营养盐是小江高阳叶绿素变化的限制因素。表层水体叶绿素a与硝氮、磷酸盐、溶解氧、透明度、水温、表底温差等呈显著相关(P<0.01),表明表层叶绿素a与环境因子相关性较强；中层叶绿素a与硝氮、总氮、总磷、磷酸盐、水温、透明度、水深、水体稳定系数等呈显著相关(P<0.01),表明水体的扰动是影响中层水体叶绿素a增长的关键因素之一；底层水体叶绿素a与硝氮(P<0.01)、磷酸盐(P<0.05)、水深(P<0.05)呈显著相关。     

沙湖叶绿素a的时空分布特征及其与环境因子关系

为探究沙湖水体叶绿素a的时空分布特征及其与水环境因子关系，2015-2017年冬季（1月）、春季（4月）、夏季（7月）、秋季（10月）对沙湖水体叶绿素a含量和常规水环境因子进行采样与检测，分析沙湖叶绿素a含量与环境因子之间的相关性，通过逐步回归法和通径分析探讨了时空性变化和季节性变化对叶绿素a含量的影响。结果表明，沙湖叶绿素a季节变化明显，夏季最高，冬春两季相对较低，最大值出现在2017年7月（夏季），最小值出现在2015年4月（春季），2017年叶绿素含量最高，年均值为18.94 μg/L，空间分布也存在明显差异。相关分析表明，总磷(TP)、化学需氧量(CODCr)、五日生化需氧量(BOD5)和透明度(SD)是影响沙湖叶绿素a含量的主要环境因子；逐步回归分析表明，不同季节、不同采样点影响沙湖叶绿素a含量的环境因子存在差异，有机污染物与氮磷营养盐是主要的影响因素；通径分析表明，化学需氧量和总磷的总决定系数(dij)分别为0.379和0.373，是影响沙湖叶绿素a含量最主要的两个环境因子；其中总磷对沙湖叶绿素a含量的直接作用较大，是对叶绿素a起决定性作用的限定性营养盐。     

华阳河湖群叶绿素a浓度的季节动态和空间分布

为了探究华阳河湖群叶绿素a浓度的季节动态与空间分布规律,2016年4月(春季)、7月(夏季)、10月(秋季)和2017年1月(冬季),对华阳河湖群叶绿素a的季节动态及环境因子进行调查,在龙感湖、黄大湖和泊湖分别设置9个(S_1～S_9)、8个(S_(10)～S_(17))和7个(S_(18)～S_(24))采样点,共计24个采样点;通过分层聚类法分析叶绿素a的时空分布特征,并运用主成分分析法探讨了华阳河湖群叶绿素a与环境因子的关系。结果显示,华阳河湖群水体叶绿素a浓度呈现明显的时空分布特征,叶绿素a年均值为7.18μg/L,变化范围0.27～66.61μg/L,最大值出现在2016年10月(秋季),最小值出现在2017年1月(冬季);叶绿素a浓度的季节变化呈现夏、秋季较高,春、冬季较低的动态特征。在空间变化上,叶绿素a浓度在龙感湖最高,其次是泊湖,黄大湖最低。运用分层聚类分析法将华阳河湖群的叶绿素a的时空特征分为三类;主成分分析表明,水体中营养盐是影响叶绿素a季节动态和空间分布的主要环境因子,总氮在3个湖泊中与叶绿素a显著正相关,总磷与叶绿素a在泊湖和黄大湖呈负相关,而在龙感湖呈正相关。研究表明,越冬水鸟的排泄物对叶绿素a的时空分布有重要影响。     

沙湖叶绿素a的时空分布特征及其与环境因子的关系

为探究沙湖水体叶绿素a的时空分布特征及其与水环境因子关系,2015-2017年冬季(1月)、春季(4月)、夏季(7月)、秋季(10月)对沙湖水体叶绿素a含量和常规水环境因子进行采样与检测,分析沙湖叶绿素a含量与环境因子之间的相关性,通过逐步回归法和通径分析探讨了时空性变化对叶绿素a含量的影响。结果表明,沙湖叶绿素a季节变化明显,夏季最高,冬春两季相对较低,最大值出现在2017年7月(夏季),最小值出现在2015年4月(春季),2017年叶绿素a含量最高,年均值为18.94μg/L,空间分布也存在明显差异。相关分析表明,总磷(TP)、化学需氧量(COD_(Cr))、五日生化需氧量(BOD_5)和透明度(SD)是影响沙湖叶绿素a含量的主要环境因子;逐步回归分析表明,不同季节、不同采样点影响沙湖叶绿素a含量的环境因子存在差异,有机污染物与氮磷营养盐是主要的影响因子;通径分析表明,化学需氧量和总磷的总决定系数(d_(ij))分别为0.379和0.373,是影响沙湖叶绿素a含量最主要的两个环境因子;其中总磷对沙湖叶绿素a含量的直接作用较大,是对叶绿素a起决定性作用的限定性营养盐。     

三峡水库试验性蓄水后小江沿岸水质研究

根据2010年3月－12月对三峡水库小江沿岸水体的水质监测数据，分析总氮、总磷、化学需氧量和叶绿素a等水质因子的时空变化规律，以及叶绿素a与水质因子之间的相互关系，评价水体富营养化水平。结果表明：总氮、总磷、化学需氧量和叶绿素 a含量分别为1.980±0.119mg/L、0.114±0.018mg/L、9.520±1.748 mg/L和23.342±8.810 mg/L，小江沿岸水体呈现中度富营养化水平。叶绿素a与水质因子间的相关关系分析发现，叶绿素a含量与温度、pH、溶解氧、亚硝酸氮和化学需氧量显著相关，与总氮、总磷不具有显著相关性。这说明小江沿岸水体叶绿素a含量与总营养盐无关，而主要与水体所含的有机质含量有关。     

2008-2009年青堆子湾水质状况与富营养化水平

2008—2009年春、夏、秋、冬4个季节,对青堆子湾进行了水质调查。调查结果表明,青堆子湾海域各个季节的化学需氧量、无机氮、无机磷等含量均符合Ⅱ类海水水质标准,一般表现为夏、秋季含量高于春、冬季;青堆子湾海域春、夏、秋、冬季的氮、磷比值分别为35.5,169.7,22.3和77.9,均大于Redfield比值(16),水体大部分时间磷比较缺乏。利用现有的营养状态质量法对青堆子湾的富营养化水平现状进行了评价,结果显示青堆子湾春夏秋冬4个季节的营养状态质量指数分别为2.34、6.99、3.95、1.80,夏季和秋季呈现富营养化水平,但控制因子各不相同,夏季富营养化主要控制因子是叶绿素a,而秋季富营养化是化学需氧量、总氮、总磷及叶绿素a共同作用的结果。     

邕江南宁段水域营养盐变动趋势及相关性分析

2006年10月至2008年7月每季度对邕江南宁段三津水厂到四桥水域进行水质监测，共监测8次，监测参数包括透明度、水温、pH、化学耗氧量、氨氮、硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮、活性磷酸盐、总氮、总磷和叶绿素α。结果表明，COD逐渐增加，氮磷营养盐随季节变化明显，整体呈上升趋势，表明邕江南宁段正向富营养化转化。除叶绿素α外，各水质参数有显著的相关性。叶绿素与pH、COD、氨氮和无机氮磷比值显著相关，与无机氮磷比相关系数最高。     

唐山市海水养殖尾水监测及分析

为了解唐山市海水养殖模式尾水污染状况，2020年，对唐山市主要沿海县区7种海水养殖模式养殖尾水状况进行了监测及分析。监测内容共5项，包括：COD、总氮、总磷、无机氮、活性磷酸盐，分别对养殖进水和尾水进行了监测。结果显示，7种养殖模式尾水COD全部合格，合格率远超过进水。无机氮进水和尾水均超标，进水超标率远高于尾水。进水、尾水无机氮随季节变化情况：秋季>春季>夏季。总氮、总磷尾水超标率高于进水。总氮的随季节变化情况：春季>秋季>夏季。总磷随季节变化情况：春季>夏季>秋季。活性磷酸盐超标严重，进水、尾水均超过限量值的3倍。研究表明：活性磷酸盐和无机氮是唐山市海水养殖进水、尾水主要超标指标。尾水中总氮、总磷、无机氮、活性磷酸盐的超标主要是由于进水超标所导致。     

金海水库浮游细菌时空分布特征

为探究呼和浩特市金海水库水体有机污染程度和营养状况,对水体中浮游细菌及主要环境因子进行为期一年的监测。结果显示:水体中浮游细菌数量夏季春季冬季秋季,全年介于4.4×10~2～9 700.0×10~2个/mL,最高和最低值分别出现在6月和11月,表明夏季水库水体有机污染程度最大,秋季水体洁净程度较高。在空间上,浮游细菌数量主要受水体流动性影响,水库内各点位细菌数量的空间差异较明显,呈现出春、秋季从进水口向库区内部逐渐减少,夏、冬季从进水口向库区内部逐渐增加的分布格局。浮游细菌与温度、pH值呈现良好的正相关性,与总氮、总磷、叶绿素a呈现负相关关系,其中与总磷的负相关性较为突出,相关系数达0.69。各季节水体均属β-中污带,为轻度污染。     

Integrated ecological–economic fisheries models—Evaluation,review and challenges for implementation

Marine ecosystems evolve under many interconnected and area‐specific pressures. To fulfil society's intensifying and diversifying needs while ensuring ecologically sustainable development, more effective marine spatial planning and broader‐scope management of marine resources is necessary. Integrated ecological–economic fisheries models (IEEFMs) of marine systems are needed to evaluate impacts and sustainability of potential management actions and understand, and anticipate ecological, economic and social dynamics at a range of scales from local to national and regional. To make these models most effective, it is important to determine how model characteristics and methods of communicating results influence the model implementation, the nature of the advice that can be provided and the impact on decisions taken by managers. This article presents a global review and comparative evaluation of 35 IEEFMs applied to marine fisheries and marine ecosystem resources to identify the characteristics that determine their usefulness, effectiveness and implementation. The focus is on fully integrated models that allow for feedbacks between ecological and human processes although not all the models reviewed achieve that. Modellers must invest more time to make models user friendly and to participate in management fora where models and model results can be explained and discussed. Such involvement is beneficial to all parties, leading to improvement of mo‐dels and more effective implementation of advice, but demands substantial resources which must be built into the governance process. It takes time to develop effective processes for using IEEFMs requiring a long‐term commitment to integrating multidisciplinary modelling advice into management decision‐making.     

水域沉积物氮磷赋存形态和分布的研究进展

根据国内外近年来相关的调查和研究资料,对沉积物氮磷赋存、分布及影响因素进行了较为详尽的阐述,以期为沉积物氮磷的转化过程以及其与水体"内负荷"的潜在关系研究提供基础资料。沉积物氮磷分布主要受到地域分布、水域类型、水域利用类型、水体污染状况、沉积物—水界面氮磷交换通量和沉积物生物扰动等因素影响。在较为稳定的水域中,微生物、温度和DO是影响沉积物氮释放的主要因素;氧化还原电位、pH、温度及有机质含量是影响沉积物磷释放的主要因素。氮磷循环对生态环境的影响、氮磷测定方法的改进、沉积物氮磷特性的实验室模拟和沉积物氮磷含量的控制是下一步研究的发展方向。     

A general model of temporary aquatic habitat use: Water phenology as a life history filter

Temporary aquatic habitats are not widely appreciated fish habitat. However, fish navigate the transient waters of intertidal zones, floodplains, intermittent and ephemeral streams, lake margins, seasonally frozen lakes and streams, and anthropogenic aquatic habitats across the globe to access important resources. The selective pressures imposed by water impermanence (i.e., freezing, drying, tidal fluctuations), however, operate similarly across taxa and ecosystems. These similarities are formalized into a conceptual model relating habitat use to surface water phenology. Whereas all necessary life history functions (spawning, foraging, refuge, and dispersal) can be accomplished in temporary habitats, the timing, duration, and predictability of water act as a “life history filter” to which habitats can be used and for what purpose. Habitats wet from minutes to months may all be important—albeit in different ways, for different species. If life history needs co‐occur with accessibility, temporary habitats can contribute substantially to individual fitness, overall production and important metapopulation processes. This heuristic is intended to promote research, recognition and conservation of these frequently overlooked habitats that can be disproportionately important relative to their size or brevity of existence. There is a pressing need to quantify how use of temporary aquatic habitats translates to individual fitness benefits, population size and temporal stability, and ecosystem‐level consequences. Temporary aquatic habitats are being impacted at an alarming rate by anthropogenic activities altering their existence, phenology, and connectivity. It is timely that scientists, managers and policymakers consider the role these habitats play in global fish production.     

Taxonomic and functional diversity in a subtropical stream: A longitudinal pattern analysis

Identifying the spatial patterns of fish diversity in streams is basic for the conservation and management of stream fishes. The “upstream–downstream” patterns in the taxonomic α-diversity of stream fishes have been widely surveyed. However, the longitudinal patterns in the functional diversity and β-diversity of stream fishes have been given less attention. In this study, we surveyed fishes along an upstream–downstream gradient in a headwater stream of the Qiantang River, China, and examined the longitudinal variations in fish diversity. Our aims were to assess whether the longitudinal patterns in fish diversity were consistent between the taxonomic and functional metrics and between the α- and β-aspects of diversity. We found that both species richness and functional richness of fishes showed a hump-shaped relationship with the distance from headwaters, while both taxonomic and functional β-diversities presented the U-shaped distributions along the river continuum. Functional diversity related more to the distance from headwaters than taxonomic diversity. Despite their similar relationship with the distance from headwaters, taxonomic and functional β-diversities were dominated by species turnover and function nestedness components, respectively. Our results suggest that, along the river continuum in a subtropical stream, the α- and β-aspects of fish diversity present different longitudinal variations. Although the taxonomic and functional diversity shows similar relationships with distance from headwaters, their spatial variations are driven by different ecological processes.     

罗非鱼综合加工利用与质量安全控制技术研究进展

经过多年发展,目前中国罗非鱼产业正处于从规模产量型向质量效益型转变的关键时期,对罗非鱼原料进行高值化综合加工利用,同时确保产品的质量安全,是提高中国罗非鱼产业竞争力的必由之路。要实现这一目标必须依靠技术创新来实现产业升级,以保障中国罗非鱼产业可持续稳定发展。文章综述了近年来国内外在罗非鱼综合加工利用与质量安全控制方面的研究进展及发展趋势,旨在为中国罗非鱼产业的健康发展提供参考与借鉴。     

对虾白黑斑病的防治技术研究

对虾白黑斑病已被证实为一种生理性疾病，与细菌等生物性病原没有直接关系。根据这一结果作者一改过去以抗菌素为主治疗该病的方法，而采取生成防中强对虾营养的措施，在实验室小水体及生产养虾池进行防治试验，取得了满意的结果。     

虾蟹类遗传育种学研究

虾蟹类在分类学上属十足目（Ｄｅｃａｐｏｄａ）甲壳动物，在水产养殖业中占有极为重要的地位。六十年代以来，随着众多经济虾蟹类（如对虾、罗氏沼虾、中华绒螯蟹）人工培育苗种的成功，其养殖业发展迅猛，特别是近年来特种水产养殖业的兴起，使虾蟹类的身价倍增。据不完...     

Sea lice infestation rates on wild and escaped farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) entering the Magaguadavic River, New Brunswick

A monitoring program for the prevalence and intensity of sea lice infestations of wild and escaped farmed salmon has been underway on the Magaguadavic River since 1992. Fish are screened in a fish ladder trap located in freshwater a short distance above the head of tide. No trends with time were evident in observed sea lice burdens, and in all years the majority of salmon, both wild and escapees, had no or low levels of infestation with sea lice. In the spring of 2002, 23 landlocked salmon moving to sea from the Magaguadavic River were acoustically tagged. Two fish returned to the river after a brief period of residence in Passamaquoddy Bay, with significant dermal damage from sea lice. These fish were tracked to areas close to commercial salmon farms.     

鲟形目鱼类和渔业

本文论述了国内外鲟形目鱼类和渔业.包括三部分:1.鲟形目的种类和分布:2.鲟形目的生物学特征;3.世界上鲟鱼和白鲟渔业,并着重讨论该鱼类资源在我国的开发和利用.     

硇洲马尾藻人工育苗常见敌害生物及防治初探

本文调查了硇洲马尾藻人工育苗期间的主要敌害生物,并初步探讨了不同物理方法和化学药剂对其敌害生物的清除效果,旨在为人工育苗栽培提供基础资料。调查发现硅藻、刚毛藻、石莼、浒苔等附生藻类对硇洲马尾藻生长影响较大,蓝子鱼、麦秆虫和藻钩虾的摄食是硇洲马尾藻幼苗海区培育的主要危害。苗帘用5%硫酸铵药浴5min可抑制刚毛藻的生长,以2%柠檬酸药浴5min、0.3%醋酸药浴3min、3%硝酸铵药浴5min等均可药杀石莼、浒苔等附生绿藻,用640mg/L敌百虫浸泡10min可杀灭藻钩虾。