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1.
铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)是目前我国最常见的水华蓝藻,常产生微囊藻毒素(Micro-cystin,MC).微囊藻毒素是由7个氨基酸组成的环状多肽化合物,其性能十分稳定,当藻细胞破裂后释放到水体中,给水质和水产造成严重危害.  相似文献   

2.
生物调控防治池塘蓝藻技术   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
一、蓝藻对水体的危害 1.蓝藻“水华”中以微囊藻占绝对优势,微囊藻的大量繁殖抑制了其他浮游植物的正常生长,对鱼类有利的浮游动、植物的生长繁殖就受到很大的影响。2。池塘中出现蓝藻“水华”时,水体表面形成一层“绿色浮渣”,水体的水质开始恶化,降低水体的透明度,增加浊度,水面被藻类遮盖,  相似文献   

3.
浮游植物种类的组成有明显的季节性,而且浮游植物种类的组成与水体营养状况有关。不同的浮游植物种类的组成变化能反映水体环境梯度的变化。富营养化水体以蓝藻和裸藻为主,但是林氏藻、微囊藻、湖丝藻和鱼腥藻都是富营养化水体的藻类,这些藻类都能够形成水华,对水质的恶化有显著的推动作用。  相似文献   

4.
<正>蓝藻是单细胞原核生物,又叫蓝绿藻、蓝细菌;大多数蓝藻的细胞壁外面有胶质衣,因此又叫黏藻。在所有藻类生物中,蓝藻是最简单、最原始的一种。一般来说,我们用肉眼是分辨不清蓝藻细胞的。但当它们以集群形式存在时,如形成水华(由淡水水域污染、富营养化引起),才可看见。一、蓝藻的主要危害按照危害大小,大致可以分为微囊藻、螺旋藻、项圈藻、颤藻,其中以微囊藻的危害最大。在一些营养丰富的水体中,有些蓝藻常于夏季大  相似文献   

5.
养殖水体富营养化的表征之一即是蓝藻“水华”的大量暴发。2003年8月26日,凌海市西八千乡60亩南美白对虾淡化养殖水面不同程度地漂浮着厚积的绿色黏膜,对虾陆续死亡。经笔者镜检鉴定确认是铜绿微囊藻大量繁殖所致。2004-2005年盛夏初秋,又相继在各类中小型鱼塘出现了蓝藻“水华”现象。2006年经实地防治试验,有效地预防和控制了高温期养殖水体微囊藻的发生。现将养殖水体防治微囊藻的技术要点介绍如下:  相似文献   

6.
池塘或湖泊中往往由于某些浮游植物过盛繁殖,使水体表面覆盖着该植物体的颜色,这种现象称“水华”或“水花”。目前人们对“水华”的评说不一,一般认为组成“水华”的藻类若能被鱼类所消化、利用,则认为是好的水华,而蓝藻类在温暖季节繁殖形成微囊藻、鱼腥藻水华,俗称  相似文献   

7.
长期养殖的池塘,由于水中溶解有机质和营养盐类十分丰富,在池塘水温较高的夏秋季节,常出现水华现象。水华长时间存在,对鱼类生长非常不利,严重时还会发生水质恶化、鱼类中毒、发生鱼病甚至死亡事故。池塘中一旦发现水华现象,一般较难根治,因此,切不可掉以轻心。水华是由某些优势种的浮游藻类过度繁殖引起的,常见的有蓝藻、微囊藻、颤藻、鱼腥藻、绿藻、裸藻、金藻、黄藻等。由优势种微囊藻引起的水华,优势种为铜绿微囊藻和粉  相似文献   

8.
养殖水体蓝藻水华的防治   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
从本质上讲,水华是以蓝藻为载体的物质和能量转换的结果[1].在含营养物质丰富的水体中,有些蓝藻常于夏季大量繁殖,并在水面形成一层蓝绿色而有腥臭味的浮沫,被称为"水华".大规模的蓝藻爆发,被称为"绿潮".中科院南京地理与湖泊研究所的孔繁翔研究员等在2007年对蓝藻水华的形成机制进行了研究,提出了4阶段的理论假设:即蓝藻的生长与水华的形成可以分为休眠、复苏、生长、上浮及聚集4个阶段.每个阶段中,蓝藻的生理特性及主导环境影响因子有所不同.在冬季,水华蓝藻的休眠主要受低温及黑暗环境所影响.春季的复苏过程主要受湖泊沉积表面的温度和溶解氧控制,而光合作用和细胞分裂所需要的物质与能量,决定水华在春季和夏季的生长状况,一旦有合适的气象与水文条件,已在水体中积累的大量蓝藻群体将上浮到水体表面积聚,形成可见的水华[2].水华的出现最根本的原因还是排入水体的污染物远远大于水体环境的自身容量[3].  相似文献   

9.
湖南镇水库浮游生物及其影响因子的典范对应分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
2006年至2007年间调查了蓝藻(Cyanophyta)暴发水体——湖南镇水库的浮游生物群落结构及其变化,研究了其与环境参数之间的关系。调查期间,共鉴定出浮游植物96种(属),浮游动物73种(属)。单位水体浮游植物平均细胞数量变化于0.49×106~16.71×106L-1之间,浮游动物则变化于8~3548L-1之间。春、夏季螺旋鱼腥藻(Anabaena sporoides)水华持续数月,水体表层细胞密度高达2.28×108L-1,进入秋季后其优势逐渐被颤藻属(Oscillatoria)蓝藻取代。典范对应分析显示,浮游植物的季节演替规律与螺旋鱼腥藻数量、总溶解固形物(TDS)和透明度(SD)存在较高的相关性,浮游动物演替主要与溶解在水中的微囊藻(Microcystis)毒素(EMC)、营养盐和螺旋鱼腥藻数量相关。由于高水平营养盐的存在,上行效应无法有效限制蓝藻的发生,水华蓝藻以其数量优势改变了水体理化条件,成为影响浮游植物群落的潜在因素,而营养盐可能通过主导可食藻类的生长,间接影响浮游动物的动态。将水华蓝藻数量及藻毒素浓度作为环境因子进行多元分析,分别提高了对浮游植物、动物群落的解释15.6%和25.8%,说明水华蓝藻和藻毒素的存在对浮游生物群落的组成和结构具有较大的影响。  相似文献   

10.
浅谈蓝藻水华的危害与防治   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
富营养化的湖泊和水库,因水体富含P、N等营养元素,当N:P比值达到15~20时,只要气温、光照、水文、气象等外部条件适宜,浮游生物(尤其是蓝藻)就会快速繁殖生长,甚至在水表聚合成数厘米厚的蓝绿色的藻浆,即水华(湖靛).从本质上讲,水华是以蓝藻为载体的物质和能量转换的结果.在蓝藻的光合器内有两类天然复合物:叶绿素a蛋白复合物和藻胆体,它们协同作用使蓝藻有效地进行光合作用,将太阳能转换成化学能并贮存于细胞中,这些能量被进一步用来将无机物合成为细胞内的各种有机成分.  相似文献   

11.
The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of hydraulic jet cavitation as a method for cyanobacterial water-bloom management. Effects of cavitation were studied on laboratory culture of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, on a culture of a green alga Chlorella kessleri (as a non-target species) as well as on a real cyanobacterial biomass with Microcystis sp. as a dominant species. Our results suggested that the cavitation treatment of cyanobacteria is capable of causing the disintegration of their gas vesicles. Using this treatment, up to 99 % removal efficiency of cyanobacteria was achieved. Moreover, no effect on cyanobacterial membrane integrity or metabolic activity was detected by flow cytometry; thus, hydraulic cavitation seems to be harmless from the viewpoint of possible release of cyanotoxins into the water column. The green algae (here C. kessleri) were not affected negatively by the cavitation, and thus, they may still act as the natural nutrient competitors of cyanobacteria in lakes, ponds or reservoirs treated by cavitation.  相似文献   

12.
Unexplained deaths of pond-grown catfish have occurred for many years. At least some of these mortalities could be from cyanobacteria toxins ingested during feeding on floating diets or passively assimilated through gills during breathing. Recently we were able to document algal production and subsequent ingestion of these toxicants by catfish during a mortality event. The causative organism, Microcystis aeruginosa, was the dominant species within the phytoplankton community during the cooler autumn-winter season. Pond conditions included a drop in water temperature by c . 5 °C during the 10 days preceding the fish mortalities. Microcystin-LR, a hepatotoxin produced by Microcystis , was detected in water samples and in catfish liver tissue. Fish exposed to pond water containing this toxic bloom were killed within 24 h. Necropsy of fish revealed congested liver and spleen tissues. The combination of clinical signs, detection of microcystin LR in water and in liver, and death of fish exposed to pond water supports the diagnosis of microcystin toxicosis. More research is needed to identify specific environmental conditions initiating toxin production to model and predict occurrence of these toxic algal blooms.  相似文献   

13.
两种典型渔法金枪鱼围网网具的性能差异   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
摘要:为了量化分析自由鱼群渔法和漂流物渔法的网具性能差异,本文根据2011-2014年金枪鱼围网海上调查数据,采用Bootstrap和GAM方法进行分析。结果显示:(1)漂流物渔法时,网具的最大沉降深度(195.20~219.36m)约为自由鱼群渔法时最大沉降深度 (205.83~219.04m)的94.8%;网具的平均沉降速度(0.152~0.176m/s)约为自由鱼群渔法时平均沉降速度(0.180~0.193m/s)的84.4%~91.2%。(2)捕捞自由鱼群时,影响沉降速度主要因子为10m水层流速(V10),60m水层流速(V60)和跑纲长度(L1)。(3)捕捞漂流物随附群时,影响沉降速度主要因子为60m水层流速(V60),括纲长度(L)和放网速度(V0)。(4)GAM模型结果显示,漂流物渔法时,预测的沉降速度(0.155~0.175m/s)达到海上实测沉降速度的99.4%;自由鱼群渔法时,预测的沉降速度(0.182~0.190m/s)达到海上实测沉降速度的98.4%。本研究结果可为海上作业时,判别海况条件和控制渔法操作提供一定参考。  相似文献   

14.
The objective of this study was to examine how konjac flour or carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) could improve the physical, microbiological, and sensorial qualities of pressurized Swai fish-based emulsions. The properties of the pressurized batches were also compared with those of the heated emulsions. Accordingly, Swai fish-based emulsions containing mixed fermented-soybeans were stabilized by either konjac flour or CMC, 0.1–0.3%. The fish batters were then subjected to pressurization (600 MPa/25°C/20 min) or thermal treatment (72°C/30 min). The results showed that both hydrocolloids enabled improvement of the color of fish emulsions. Regarding the impact of hydrocolloids on other properties, CMC addition enhanced water holding capacity, gel strength, and elasticity more than konjac flour addition. Regarding processing effects, pressurization gave rise to products with greater water holding capacity and higher sensorial scores than the thermal treatments. However, thermal treatments increased the gel strength and elasticity of the products more than pressurization. Overall, both processes could equally inhibit bacterial cells and some spores of B. subtilis.  相似文献   

15.
The present study evaluated the effect of naturally developing cyanobacteria on the composition of muscles of two commercially important freshwater fish species. Fish were exposed to cyanobacterial biomass including Microcystis aeruginosa and Microcystis ichthyoblabe for 4 weeks. Then, they were transferred to dechlorinated potable water without any cyanobacteria for another 4-week period, thus modelling their preparation for consumers. Samples of muscles were collected every week during exposure and subsequent stay in dechlorinated potable water. The cyanobacterial water bloom of 3.9–6 × 105 cells mL−1 (133–383 μg g−1 of total MC DW) induced statistically significant effects only in the content of fatty acids ( P <0.05; P <0.01) in the common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ), while all studied parameters including the content of dry matter and fat ( P <0.01), proteins ( P <0.05), fatty acid composition ( P <0.05; P <0.01) and some amino acids ( P <0.05) were affected in the silver carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ). This study has shown that cyanobacteria in the environment of commercially produced fish may decrease the dietetic value of fish muscles.  相似文献   

16.
A study was conducted to quantify changes in the proximate components of fish feces and feeds when immersed in water for varying time periods. Catfish feces, a floating catfish diet, and a sinking trout diet were immersed for 5, 10, 20, 40, or 80 minutes. Dry matter losses were noted for all samples after immersion in water. There was a disproportionate loss of crude protein, ash, and nitrogen free extract (NFE) from the catfish fecal samples, ash and ether extract from the floating catfish feed, and NFE from the sinking trout feed. The losses noted would change crude protein, ether extract, NFE, and energy digestion coefficients by less than 7%, but ash and crude fiber digestion coefficients could change by as much as 23 and 35%, respectively. The ash concentration of unimmersed catfish feces indicated that this component may be a reliable indicator of nutrient digestibility in catfish.  相似文献   

17.
In this study, we aimed to clarify the mechanism of sinking death during the larval stage of Pacific Bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis by investigating the effects of swimming performance on sinking death, using a behavioral approach. Swimming performance was examined 3–9 days after hatching (DAH) under day and night light conditions in cuboid experimental tanks. Swimming behavior variables such as swimming speed and swimming angle were measured under both light conditions. Larvae in the daytime experiment and larvae with inflated swim bladders at night were distributed on the surface layer of the water column. In contrast, larvae with uninflated swim bladders at night were frequently observed swimming vertically or sinking to the bottom of the tank. Larvae with inflated swim bladders at night were always distributed beneath the surface until the next morning (survival rates were 100 %). However, larvae with uninflated swim bladders at night swam upward repeatedly and later sank to the bottom of the tank (survival rates were 60 % and 38 % at 5 and 9 DAH, respectively). Larvae with uninflated swim bladders were not always able to maintain their swimming depth by swimming until the next morning. Additionally, their swimming speed and vertical swimming frequency (ratio) depended on the illumination and swim bladder conditions. Our findings show that larvae with uninflated swim bladders at night were associated with a higher risk of sinking death. The swimming energy capacity of Pacific Bluefin tuna larvae, which indicates the total amount of the energy that enables individuals to swim throughout the night without feeding, was found to be linked to sinking death.  相似文献   

18.
在围网改进设计阶段常用模型网具进行模拟实验,其中沉降数据是其重要参数。设计了微型围网沉降数据记录仪。仪器采用MSP430F149单片机作为主控芯片,通过传感器模块获取水中的压强数据,经校正后储存在非易失固态存储芯片中;通过串口读出校正的压强数据,从中可以计算出围网的深度,结合数据采样频率计算出下沉速度。设计的数据仪具有体积小(5.2 cm×3.0 cm×2.1 cm)、重量轻(约33 g)的特点,仪器平均密度为1 007 kg/m3,接近海水密度,可在几乎不影响网具本身沉降状态的情况下进行测量。试验表明,在2.6 m的量程内,相对误差≤1.50%。  相似文献   

19.
小江是三峡库区北岸流域面积最大的一条支流,其回水区富营养化备受关注。2016年4月下旬至5月,中旬小江回水区高阳断面和双江断面爆发了水华。以高阳断面和双江断面为监测区域,采用冗余分析方法,探究水华爆发期微囊藻丰度与水环境因子的关系,以期找出水华应急阶段关键水环境因子,为小江回水区微囊藻水华预警监测和防控提供科学依据。结果表明,随着水深逐渐增加,微囊藻的丰度逐渐减少,高阳断面上表层(水下0.5 m)、中层(1/2水深)、底层(底部以上0.5 m)微囊藻丰度为2467.67×104个/L、792.58×104 个/L和729.72×104 个/L;双江断面表、中、底层分别为1337.57×104个/L、298.75×104个/L和108.79×104个/L;高阳断面微囊藻丰度明显高于双江断面。高阳断面的水温、溶解氧和高锰酸盐指数明显高于双江断面,其他水环境指标的差异性不显著。冗余分析Monte Carlo检验结果显示,高阳断面溶解氧(P=0.045)与微囊藻丰度呈显著正相关,电导率(P=0.047)与微囊藻丰度呈显著负相关,双江断面水温(P=0.002)与微囊藻丰度呈极显著正相关,透明度与微囊藻丰度呈显著负相关(P=0.011)。  相似文献   

20.
ABSTRACT

Thai koi farming is relatively new in the aquaculture industry of Bangladesh. Costly industrial feed pellets is the main factor influencing the productivity of Thai koi (Anabas testudineus). Two types of feed, namely, floating and sinking, are commercially available in the country. The ingredients of both types of feed are more or less the same. Floating feed requires high technology, high pressure and temperature and hence is more expensive than sinking feed. Most of the Thai koi farmers use either floating or sinking feed, while some farmers use a mix of both types of feed. This article investigated the effects of these three feed types on Thai koi productivity using primary data collected from the Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. The performance of different feed types on productivity was investigated using the Cobb-Douglas production function and propensity score matching (PSM) methods. Floating feed led to the highest daily mean weight gain of fish, feed conversion ratios, and net returns. The regression and PSM results revealed that farmers using floating feed produced significantly higher quantity of fish per unit compared to those using the other feed types. The cost of feed per hectare was higher in the farms using the floating feed, but these farms earned extra return from the additional investment, compared with the farms that use the other feed types. Thai koi farmers are advised to use floating feed to reap higher production and returns on investment.  相似文献   

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