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1.
高度洄游金枪鱼类资源与渔业现状   总被引:8,自引:3,他引:5  
陈雪忠  陈思行 《海洋渔业》1998,20(3):136-140
<正> 高度洄游鱼类是1982年《联合国海洋法公约》(以下简称为《公约》)第64条所指的鱼类,但《公约》没有对高度洄游鱼类下定义,一般认为,高度洄游鱼类泛指个体大、游速较快、在大洋中作长距离洄游的鱼类。《公约》附录一明确列出高度洄游鱼类有各种金枪鱼、鲔、舵鲣、鲣、枪鱼、箭鱼、旗鱼、竹刀鱼科、鲯鳅、乌鲂科、大洋性鲨鱼,甚至鲸类。与跨界鱼类资源一样,由于目前公海渔业生产中有关资源搜集困难,因此在高度洄游鱼类渔业产量统计中,只能将非公海区的产量统计也包括在其中。1970年高度洄游鱼类的渔获量为170万t,1994年约450万t,约占世界海洋捕捞总量的5%。本文仅介绍高度洄游鱼类中金枪鱼及其近缘种的资源、渔业、种群状况和管理等。  相似文献   

2.
《淡水渔业》1975,(7):19-23
裕溪河为巢湖与长江的进出通道.全长46公里。1960年在巢湖县城关西南建成巢湖闸,1966年又在裕溪河口以上4公里处建成裕溪闸。两闸建成对促进农业生产和交通运输业起了很大的作用。但同时也隔绝了某些过河口洄游性鱼类及江湖半洄性鱼类(包括鱼苗、鱼种)的洄游通道,引起了巢湖鱼类资源变动及产量下降。  相似文献   

3.
论述了鱼类洄游通道恢复的理论基础,我国鱼类洄游通道恢复的历史和现状,并分析了长江流域鱼类洄游通道阻隔现状及其对鱼类资源的影响。在此基础上提出了长江流域鱼类洄游通道恢复的对策:制定鱼类洄游通道恢复规划;建立鱼类洄游通道恢复的相关法律体系和协调机制;开展鱼类洄游通道恢复关键技术研究;加强鱼类洄游通道恢复研究能力建设,建立科学的技术支撑体系。  相似文献   

4.
介绍了湄公河渔业资源概况及其流域下游主要的洄游鱼类,分析了萨拉康水电站阻隔对洄游鱼类造成的影响,确定了上游湄公河洄游系统的主要过鱼对象;根据萨拉康水电站枢纽布置以及所在地的地形地质特征,对可行的鱼道布置方案进行了优选论证,并对右岸方案鱼道进口、鱼道出口、鱼道结构、附属设施等进行了初步设计探讨。  相似文献   

5.
绥芬河鱼类区系组成研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
绥芬河是我国注入北太平洋日本海的第二条水系。由于该水系地处寒温带,气候、地理环境和生态条件特殊,因而蕴藏着丰富的冷水性鱼类、溯河性洄游鱼类种质资源,仅大麻哈鱼类就有3种,每年5~10月回归溯河洄游:鲤科溯河性洄游鱼类有三块鱼、珠星三块鱼等,呈现出北太平洋日本海水系鱼类区系的特色,成为我国名贵珍稀经济鱼类地理分布的重要水域。在鱼类区系组成上,它与相邻的水域有着很大的差异,在我国北方水域鱼类演替和区系划分上有着重要的意义。关于绥芬河鱼类区系,国内外学者都进行过研究。笔者在2005~2006年采集了大量的鱼类标本,整理和增补了10种鱼类,对绥芬河鱼类区系作了初步的概述,为我国北方水域鱼类演替、区系区划研究、开发利用及资源保护提供了科学的依据。  相似文献   

6.
欧洲各国虽然国情不同,但在鱼类保护问题上均面临着类似的难题,即如何恢复洄游鱼类的洄游通道;各国在该问题上密切合作与信息共享,取得了良好的效果,积累了丰富的经验。介绍了欧洲“共同体河流”项目恢复鱼类洄游通道的解决办法、监测与评价、信息交流等方面的研究与实践。  相似文献   

7.
根据澜沧江下游一级支流补远江2006年鱼类洄游季节3~6月的采样数据,分析了该流域鱼类多样性,并结合同期水文、水质数据,应用人工神经网络分析环境因子与鱼类多样性的关联。结果表明,2006年3~6月共采集补远江鱼类34种,隶属于3目8科22属,其中有8种洄游鱼类。3月份多样性指数最高,各月均匀度指数无差异,4、6月优势度指数高,主要是优势种马口鱼、月斑长臀鲃造成。4、5月鱼类组成相似性最高。最低水位对鱼类数量影响最大,其次是平均流速和平均水温;最高水温对鱼类体重影响最大,其次是总磷和溶解氧。人工神经网络下模拟值与实测值相关性高,具较好的适用性。  相似文献   

8.
杨昱 《内陆水产》1994,(6):11-12
澧水流域现建有临澧青山电站,石门三江口电站以及慈利县的城关电站和茶庵电站阻隔了鱼类的洄游通道,堤坝以上水域如草、鲢、鳙、鳊鱼、黄板刁等洄游性和半洄游性经济鱼类资源得不到补充,加上娄、澧两水沿岸非法捕鱼禁而不止。天然水域渔业资源日渐衰退,为增殖江河鱼类资源,  相似文献   

9.
围绕生物通道恢复面临的科学、技术问题进行方案设计与分析,搭建生物通道恢复技术框架,为推动长江中下游江湖生态保护和修复工作提供技术思路与借鉴参考。以涨渡湖群为研究试点,系统总结了该水域江湖洄游鱼类在“长江-湖泊”的迁徙、洄游规律,掌握鱼类入湖和出湖习性。围绕幼鱼入湖、成鱼入湖与出湖等不同生活史阶段的需求,结合河湖水位变化特征与影响、现有工程及调度措施的局限性,提出了“季节性灌江纳苗”“生态水网+过鱼设施”及调度运行等方案,从保障江湖洄游性鱼类生活史完成的角度搭建生物通道恢复框架。工程建设、综合调度和管理措施旨在解决江湖复合生态系统江湖阻隔问题,以达到洄游鱼类及生物多样性恢复、河湖水生生境修复的目标。  相似文献   

10.
林志锋  张敏 《海洋渔业》2002,24(2):58-60
自1982年《联合国海洋法公约》产生以来,截止到2000年10月,世界上已经有105个国家建立了200海里专属经济区。专属经济区制度的确立使原来在别国领海基线200海里以内作业的渔船纷纷转向公海,包括跨界鱼类和高度洄游鱼类在内的公海鱼类面临着形势更为严峻的捕捞压力。另一方面,《联合国海洋法公约》的颁布使得公海捕鱼必须严格遵守其有关公海鱼类的规定,如溯河产卵种群的规定,高度洄游鱼类和跨界鱼类的相关规定等。  相似文献   

11.
Abstract Techniques for assessing the impact of structural barriers on fish passage and for prioritising restoration actions are reviewed. Current survey methodologies are biased towards specific structures, primarily culverts and economically significant fish. Assessment criteria are often based on swimming capabilities of upstream migrating adult salmonids, while ignoring other life‐stages, non‐salmonid species, downstream migration and behaviour. The development of comprehensive and centrally owned geospatial inventories of barriers is essential. The collection, maintenance and dissemination of pertinent structural and environmental data can be technically, logistically and financially challenging. Standardised procedures are needed to rapidly and cost‐effectively survey large numbers of barriers over wide geographic areas. The prioritisation of barrier repair and removal projects is most often based on simple cost‐benefit analysis, whereby individual barriers are scored based on a set of assessment criteria and then ranked in order of priority. The benefits of using scoring‐and‐ranking systems, however, are unacceptably low because they consider barriers independently, thereby ignoring the cumulative, non‐additive impacts produced by multiple, spatially interconnected structures. Optimisation modelling offers a more robust approach for efficiently prioritising decision making in river restoration planning, allowing decision makers to account for key uncertainties and effectively balance multiple, possibly competing, environmental and socioeconomic goals and constraints.  相似文献   

12.
洄游通道的连通性及其水文条件,是制约鱼类正常洄游和产卵繁殖的关键因素,现有的生态流量相关研究更多侧重于产卵场栖息地模拟,忽略了鱼类洄游水流条件的重要性。为了探究流速条件对鱼类洄游上溯的影响,选取体长(55±5)cm的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)为实验对象,通过搭建鱼类洄游仿真河道,营造不同的流速工况,观察不同情景方案下实验鱼群上溯洄游情况,并利用模糊逻辑法对鱼类上溯洄游率、平均上溯时间及上溯持续性等实验参数进行综合分析,探索草鱼洄游的适宜流速条件与适应阈值。结果显示,在流速0.20m/s以下时,草鱼基本无上溯行为;流速0.25~0.80m/s,70%样本在15min内完成上溯,但0.25~0.30m/s时,鱼群上溯缺乏明显的持续性;0.90~1.00m/s时,80%以上样本在5min快速完成上溯;流速超过1.1m/s时,上溯成功率明显降低。研究表明,实验草鱼洄游的适宜流速范围是0.40~1.00m/s,而刺激草鱼洄游的最小流速阈值是0.20m/s。相关结果可为河流生态水力学模拟和河流生态修复以及水利工程生态调度提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

13.
14.
  1. Restoring longitudinal connectivity is a key river restoration goal. This study tested the efficacy of a fish ramp and spoiler baffles for restoring indigenous fish communities upstream of a culvert.
  2. Before–after monitoring showed that installation of the ramp and spoiler baffles increased species richness (mean increase 80%) and total fish density (mean increase 45%) upstream of the culvert.
  3. Passage trials on the ramp and baffled culvert were carried out using inanga, Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns), a commonly occurring weak‐swimming migratory fish. The trials showed that inanga were capable of successfully ascending both the ramp (overall 27.1% success) and culvert with baffles (overall 6.2% success) under the conditions tested (cf. 0% success for this species before retrofitting), but passage efficiency was still relatively low in both cases.
  4. Retrofitting of culverts can therefore be effective for restoring upstream fish passage. However, to maximize effectiveness it is essential that restoration goals are well defined and retrofitting solutions are designed appropriately for the target species. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  相似文献   

15.
为检验流溪河水厂坝建立的丹尼尔式鱼道试点工程效果,在2015-2016年鱼道主要过鱼时段4-10月,利用张网法逐日监测。结果显示,鱼道取样共采集鱼类906尾,隶属于3目、8科、32属、34种,体长范围5~74cm,优势种为尼罗罗非鱼(Tilapia niloticus)(数量比51.10%)、歺又鱼(Hemiculter leucisculus)(16.23%)、唇鱼骨(Hemibarbus labeo)(8.17%)、银鮈(Squalidus argentatus)(6.73%)、东方墨头鱼(Garra orientalis)(1.55%),以定居型鱼类为主,未见河口洄游性鱼类。水温与上游水位是影响鱼类种类时间分布的主要环境因素。聚类分析表明,6月过鱼群体的种类和数量独成一类,与其他月份鱼类群体最不相似。虽然Shannon多样性指数在5月和6月分别为2.068和1.719,但总体偏低(1.451±0.535),而Margalef丰富度指数差别较小,表明不同鱼类对鱼道入口的感应存在种间差异,推测是由工程全段翻滚闸门下泄水流导致鱼道入口不易发现所致。研究表明,丹尼尔式鱼道试点工程效果较好,为该河段的绝大部分鱼类提供了上溯通道,对流溪河构建整体过鱼设施体系起到了良好的示范作用,有助于流溪河生态系统的健康与恢复。  相似文献   

16.
Migration success of hatchery-reared and wild sea trout smolts through the lower stretches and the estuary of a Baltic Sea river were studied. During 3 years, wild and hatchery trout smolts were implanted with acoustic transmitters and released 14 km upstream from the river mouth. In order to monitor their out-migration pattern, acoustic receivers were deployed along the migratory route. Data on number of fish detected and date and time of detections were analysed and the migratory performance of wild and hatchery-reared fish was compared. A significantly higher proportion of wild fish (80%) successfully migrated to the coast compared to fish of hatchery origin (27.5%) and migration was faster in wild smolts. Hatchery fish were larger and had a higher condition factor and lipid concentrations, which are proposed as possible reasons for the poorer migratory performance of the hatchery-reared fish.  相似文献   

17.
Environmental standards have rarely been applied for promoting the joint production of hydropower and migratory fish. The objective of this study was to review existing research results on the effectiveness and costs of alternative measures improving fish migration, which are necessary for the development of environmental standards. The ranking of alternative measures indicates that cost‐effective combinations of measures are case‐specific and highly dependent on measure design, implementation and maintenance. In addition to tailored ex ante cost‐effectiveness analyses, other preconditions for cost savings include effective and affordable monitoring and enforcement, and cooperation among power companies that share water‐use rights within a river basin as well as among other stakeholders, such as the local community, fishermen and recreational users.  相似文献   

18.
This study evaluates the effectiveness of two fish passes at two hydropower dams (Canoas I and II) in the Upper Parana basin, which form part of a cascade of three reservoirs. Fish from 12 migratory species (3089 specimens) were captured during their ascending, reproductive migration and were tagged with hydrostatic tags. The recapture data (294 specimens over two consecutive years) showed that there is a strong tendency for the maintenance of ascending migration through reservoirs with fish passes but with differences in migratory activity within the same species. No eggs, larvae or juveniles of these species were found in samples collected over 5 years in the reservoirs above the fish passes. These data suggest that fish passes have contributed to the restoration of the migratory routes of adult fish but that in the absence of suitable spawning or nursery habitats for these species; they probably act as ecological traps and do not contribute to the recruitment of the species.  相似文献   

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