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1.
对有分枝长石莼(缘管浒苔)的研究   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
报道了有分枝的和气囊状的长石莼。在山东、江苏和浙江等地分别采集到了有分枝的长石莼,对有分枝的长石莼进行研究表明,分枝有两种情况:一种是真分枝,另一种是假分枝。同时研究了有分枝的长石莼的生活史,与无分枝长石莼的生活史相同,其生活史亦是单倍的配子体与二倍的孢子体相互交替的同形世代交替。在2008年度暴发的绿潮中采到了气囊状且具分枝的类似长石莼藻体,气囊状的结构可以使此类长石莼漂浮在海面生长。漂浮的绿潮藻成为生殖细胞的附着基质,大量的生殖细胞在囊状藻体上附着生长,可能成为黄海海域漂浮海藻泛滥的原因之一。  相似文献   

2.
2009年4月下旬~6月上旬,青岛部分内湾发生漂浮绿藻暴发性生长.本文系统调查了绿潮藻华发生的区域,以青岛湾为观测点估测了生物量,其高峰期生物量可达138 t.通过对漂浮绿藻的外观形态和显微结构观察,鉴定漂浮绿藻的样本为长石莼Ulva linza,但飘浮绿藻样本与固着生长的长石莼在形态结构上有明显的不同,主要表现为叶片宽大、细胞壁加厚.为确定其物种,作者克隆了漂浮绿藻的18S-28S rDNA转录间隔区序列(Internal Transcribed Spacer,ITS)和5S rDNA串联重复间隔区序列(5S rDNA Spacer Region,5SS),采用分子系统学方法确定漂浮绿藻样品为长石莼.本文首次报道了发生在青岛内湾的长石莼藻华,同时观察到了长石莼为适应漂浮生活在形态结构上发生的适应性变化,从而为阐释其发生机制提供依据.  相似文献   

3.
对采自2008年、2009年中国沿海的石莼属(Ulva)海藻进行了ITS基因间隔区序列和5S rRNA序列系统发育分析,探讨了绿潮藻的分类问题。根据ITS序列分析结果,绿潮藻中存在着几个不同的种,包括LPP复合体(Ulva linza-procera-prolifera)中的种类以及Ulva compressa。绿藻的5S rRNA序列系统分析结果的差异性较明显,但也在一定程度上印证了上述结论。根据本文中ITS基因间隔区及5S rRNA序列分析结果,本实验采集到的绿潮藻的后代中至少存在U.prolifera、U.linza和U.compressa三个种类。据此推断,我国黄海海域2008年、2009年爆发的绿潮中,存在上述三个种类。  相似文献   

4.
温度和藻类饵料对虾夷马粪海胆摄食及生长的影响   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
常亚青 《水产学报》1999,23(1):69-76
对虾夷马粪海胆石在10.0-25.0℃水温下单独投喂海带,裙带菜、石莼及15.4-17.8℃混合投喂海带、裙带菜、石莼、铜藻、角叉菜的不同组合和21.6-27.4℃饥饿状态下的摄食、生长及成活进行了试验研究。海胆体重与壳直径的关系为G=0.43132D^2.9958。海胆对海带、裙采、石莼的日摄食率依次降低且随水温变化而异。1.0-3.6cm的纪海胆在10.0-25.0℃下摄食上述海藻均可保持较快  相似文献   

5.
浒苔(Ulva prolifera)绿潮在我国南黄海已经连续发生了9年,呈现连续性和常态化的暴发趋势,给我国沿海城市的水产养殖业、旅游业、居民生活等带来了诸多负面影响;此外,绿潮近几年也陆续在我国沿海多地暴发。本文依据目前的主要研究成果,综述了南黄海浒苔绿潮发生发展的关键过程和重要机制,分析了绿潮发生的关键要素,以期为制定积极有效绿潮监控和防治措施提供借鉴和参考。南黄海浒苔绿潮的连续发生凸显了我国沿海海洋环境近十几年日益恶化的状况;有效改变当前灾害频发现状,还需要我们从可持续发展和生态环境保护方面做出积极的努力。  相似文献   

6.
南方紫海胆摄食习性的初步研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用实验生态学的方法研究了成体南方紫海胆(Anthocidaris crassispina)的摄食和活力情况。结果表明,紫海胆在5种海藻共存的情况下,对不同海藻类具有不同选择性,日摄食率有显著性差异,对琼枝麒麟菜(Betaphycus gelatinum)的嗜食性最高,其次为半叶马尾藻(Sargassum hemiphyllum)、石花菜(Gelidium amansii)、石莼(Ulva lactuca),对刺松藻(Codium fragile)的喜好性较差。紫海胆的摄食受水温、海藻种类和自身体质量的影响,在23~27℃时活力和摄食状态最佳,水温升高和降低均会显著抑制其摄食;成体紫海胆对石莼、半叶马尾藻和琼枝麒麟菜的日摄食率有显著差异;在最适摄食水温下,紫海胆日摄食率随体质量增加呈显著的指数下降趋势。  相似文献   

7.
根据2008年7月9~14日对黄海绿潮暴发区生态环境要素的调查数据,重点研究了调查海域温盐、溶解氧和营养盐的分布特征及其与绿潮发生的关系。结果表明,溶解氧的平均值为9.22mg/L,整体处于过饱和状态,呈北高南低,西高东低的分布趋势。溶解无机氮的平均值为9.07μmol/L,呈现出南高北低,苏北沿岸向离岸方向逐渐降低的趋势;活性磷酸盐的平均值为0.19μmol/L,呈现出东高西低,自外海向海洲湾方向递减的趋势。在调查海域的东部出现营养盐高值区。通过分析温度、盐度、溶解氧、营养盐与绿潮发生的关系发现,温度、盐度和溶解氧均处于浒苔藻体生长和孢子释放的适应范围内。大面积浒苔聚集区的表层海水DIN和PO34--P的平均含量分别为14.89和0.27μmol/L,营养盐含量要明显高于调查海域其他海区营养盐的含量,表明充足的营养盐是绿潮发生的物质基础。同时调查海区表层、10m层和底层N/P(摩尔比)比值的平均值分别为702、194和411,均远大于Redfield值,由此可见,该调查水域主要受到磷的潜在限制。  相似文献   

8.
选择三种不同养殖系统的水源与养殖区作为水温监测区,经28d的水温及环境气温的分时监测,发现嵌入式集装槽平均水温低于室外池塘和陆基鱼槽;另对水温峰值点进行对比,发现嵌入式集装槽水温持续稳定在最低点。可见,嵌入式集装槽能较好控制水温,解决水源与养殖区水温波动过大造成鱼类应激的问题。  相似文献   

9.
文章探讨了烤石莼(Ulvapertusa)等温吸湿曲线的特性。试验中对烤石莼在5—40℃范围的等温吸湿变化规律进行了研究,将曲线通过计算机拟合获得相应的回归方程。通过回归拟合建立烤石莼在5~40℃条件下的干基含水量与水分活度对应关系的数学模型。研究结果表明,烤石莼等温吸湿曲线在5~40℃均呈现经典的反S型。用计算机拟合获得的曲线回归方程相关系数大,计算误差小。  相似文献   

10.
大连紫海胆幼海胆期的食性开始由摄食单一的底栖硅藻变为多样化,对某些柔嫩的大型海藻(石莼,海带、裙带菜、江蓠)鱼虾贝肉等有机碎片以及人工配合饲料均表现出一定的嗜食性。幼海胆不但对不同种饵料的摄食率有差别,而且不同种饵料对幼海胆的饵料效果也有所不同,其中以海带和裙带菜的效果最好,幼海胆对其的摄食率分别为红藻、石莼、动物性蛋白饵料的1.2~2.3倍,而其饵料效率也分别为红藻,石莼等的1.1~1.4倍。幼海胆可摄食人工配合饲料将为其工厂化人工育苗开辟新的饵料来源。  相似文献   

11.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

12.
在基础饲料中分别添加0.1%和1%美人鱼发光杆菌灭活菌、0.1%美人鱼发光杆菌活菌配制成3种免疫实验饲料,以基础饲料为空白对照组饲料,每组设3个平行样。对个体质量为(4.83±0.36)g的凡纳滨对虾进行为期20 d的饲养实验,分别在0、5、10、15和20d进行取样,以血清中的酚氧化酶(PO)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和溶菌酶(UL)活性为免疫指标,探讨了美人鱼发光杆菌作为免疫制剂对凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫效应的影响;在投喂免疫饲料后的第22天,按0.004 2 kg/kg体重的剂量,直接投喂对虾白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)病料,并记录累积死亡率。结果表明,美人鱼发光杆菌免疫实验组对凡纳滨对虾血清中PO、ACP、AKP、UL和SOD活性影响明显高于对照组,并且在饲料中添加美人鱼发光杆菌后,明显提高了对虾抵御WSSV感染的能力。其中0.1%美人鱼发光杆菌活菌实验组的抗病毒感染能力最强,WSSV感染14d内累计死亡率为63.3%±5.8%;而对照组为96.7%±3.3%。研究表明,美人鱼发光杆菌添加在对虾饲料中能提高凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫水平,增强抵抗疾病的能力,将其作为对虾免疫增强剂具有良好的应用前景。  相似文献   

13.
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of replacing fish meal with dietary Spirulina as a feed supplement on the growth performance and coloration of blue dolphin cichlids (Cyrtocara moorii). Five isonitrogenous (47% crude protein) and isocaloric (17.36 kJ/g digestible energy) diets were for formulated to replace FM with 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% Spirulina (designated as Control, SP5, SP10, SP15 and SP20 respectively) and fed to the fish (initial body weight, 3.15 ± 0.01 g). Fish were randomly distributed into fifteen 120 L aquariums (26.5 ± 1.00°C), 15 fish per aquarium. The diets were tested in triplicate for 12 weeks. Experimental groups were fed twice daily (09:00 and 17:00) by hand to satiation. At the end of the feeding trial, significantly (p < 0.05) higher weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) were observed in fish fed the SP10 diet when compared to the SP20 diet. There was no significant difference in these parameters between the other groups. The skin coloration of blue dolphin cichlid fed a diet containing Spirulina meal was enhanced. The best coloration was observed in the SP15 group. These impressions were objectively validated by chemical determinations of carotenoids extracted from fish skins and passed statistical tests of significance. The study findings show that Spirulina meal does not diminish growth rates except at very high levels.  相似文献   

14.
The cockle Cerastoderma edule fishery has traditionally been the most important shellfish species in terms of biomass in Galicia (NW Spain). In the course of a survey of the histopathological conditions affecting this species in the Ria of Arousa, a haplosporidan parasite that had not been observed in Galicia was detected in one of the most productive cockle beds of Galicia. Uni‐ and binucleate cells and multinucleate plasmodia were observed in the connective tissue mainly in the digestive area, gills and gonad. The parasite showed low prevalence, and it was not associated with abnormal cockle mortality. Molecular identification showed that this parasite was closely related to the haplosporidan Minchinia mercenariae that had been reported infecting hard clams Mercenaria mercenaria from the Atlantic coast of the United States. The molecular characterization of its SSU rDNA region allowed obtaining a fragment of 1,796 bp showing 98% homology with M. mercenariae parasite. Phylogenetic analysis supported this identification as this parasite was clustered in the same clade as M. mercenariae from the United States and other M. mercenariae‐like sequences from the UK, with bootstrap value of 99%. The occurrence of M. mercenariae‐like parasites infecting molluscs outside the United States is confirmed.  相似文献   

15.
16.
Marine fish farming in Egypt began in 1976 with the culture of gilthead sea bream, (Sparus aurata) as this fish was notably adaptable to brackish and marine pond conditions. Today, marine fish and shrimp farms amount to about 19,000 ha, out of which 42% is already in production while the rest, i.e., 58% is still under construction. In 1997, cultured gilthead sea bream production of 2,250 tons made up 3% of the 75,000 tons total aquaculture catch. In polyculture, usually with the grey mullet and sea bass, gilthead sea bream contributed 440 kg ha–1 to the total yield of 1,700 kg ha–1 (26%) over a period of 16 months. For the same period, the yield of monoculture ponds averaged 100 kg ha–1, while in marine cages, yields ranged from 4–10 kg m3. In 1996–1997, fry of 0.25–1 g and fingerlings 1–10 g with a total of 3 million, were collected from the wild and 1 million fry were produced in the three marine hatcheries out of the four existing ones. The development of sea bream culture in Egypt is now severely inhibited by the shortage of seeds and adequate feeds. Exports of both sea bream and sea bass, during 1994–1996 averaged 1,300 tons per year.  相似文献   

17.
Two experiments were conducted to quantify the dietary thiamin (experiment I) and pyridoxine (experiment II) requirements of fingerling Cirrhinus mrigala for 16 weeks. In experiment I, dietary thiamin requirement was determined by feeding seven casein–gelatin‐based diets (400 g kg?1 CP; 18.69 kJ g?1 GE) with graded levels of thiamin (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 mg kg?1 diet) to triplicate groups of fish (6.15 ± 0.37 cm; 1.89 ± 0.12 g). Fish fed diet with 2 mg kg?1 thiamin had highest specific growth rate (SGR), protein retention (PR), RNA/DNA ratio, haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Hct), RBCs and best feed conversion ratio (FCR). However, highest liver thiamin concentration was recorded in fish fed 4 mg thiamin kg?1 diet. Broken‐line analysis of SGR, PR and liver thiamin concentrations exhibited the thiamin requirement in the range of 1.79–3.34 mg kg?1 diet (0.096–0.179 μg thiamin kJ?1 gross energy). In experiment II, six casein–gelatin‐based diets (400 g kg?1 CP; 18.69 kJ g?1 GE) containing graded levels of pyridoxine (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mg kg?1 diet) were fed to triplicate groups of fish (6.35 ± 0.37 cm; 1.97 ± 0.12 g). Fish fed diet containing 6 mg kg?1 pyridoxine showed best SGR, FCR, PR, RNA/DNA ratio, Hb, Hct and RBCs, whereas maximum liver pyridoxine concentration was recorded in fish fed 8 mg kg?1 dietary pyridoxine. Broken‐line analysis of SGR, PR and liver pyridoxine concentrations reflected the pyridoxine requirement from 5.63 to 8.61 mg kg?1 diet. Data generated during this study would be useful in formulating thiamin‐ and pyridoxine‐balanced feeds for the intensive culture of this fish.  相似文献   

18.
This study reports on the spermatological properties, and on the development of a protocol for refrigerator storage (4°C) of Labeo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822) sperm for artificial breeding. Volume, motility, concentration and pH of the freshly collected sperm were 2.21 ± 0.53 (μL g?1 of fish weight) (mean ± SD), 95 ± 1 (%), 1.93 ± 0.44 × 109 (cells mL?1) and 7.56 ± 0.17 respectively. Sperm activation was evaluated at different osmolalities of NaCl solution, and motility ceased completely when osmolality of the extender was ≥287 mOsmol kg?1. Sperm retained motility for 24, 72 and 108 h, after refrigerator storage when sperm were undiluted, suspended in Alsever's solution and suspended in Alsever's solution containing 5% methanol respectively. Fertilization rate of fresh eggs with sperm stored at 4°C in Alsever's solution and Alsever's solution containing 5% methanol was 77% and 60% with a hatching rate of 60% and 43% respectively. The fertilization and hatching success of the stored sperm suggests potential to use refrigeration for transporting genetic material to hatcheries for artificial breeding of L. calbasu in Bangladesh.  相似文献   

19.
This paper presents an innovative process to solve the nitrate build-up problem in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). The novel aspects of the process lie in a denitrification bioreactor system that uses solid cotton wool as the primary carbon source and a unique degassing chamber. In the latter, the water is physically stripped of dissolved gaseous O2 (by means of a Venturi vacuum tube), and the subsequent denitrification becomes more efficient due to elimination of the problems of oxygen inhibition of denitrification and aerobic consumption of cotton wool. The cotton wool medium also serves as a physical barrier that traps organic particles, which, in turn, act as an additional carbon source for denitrification. Operation in the proposed system gives an extremely low C/N ratio of 0.82 g of cotton wool/g of nitrate N, which contributes to a significant reduction of biofilter volume. The additional advantage of using solid cotton wool as the carbon source is that it does not release organic residuals into the liquid to be recycled. Operation of the system over a long period consistently produced effluents with low nitrate levels (below 10 mg N/l), and there was only a very small need to replace system water. The overall treatment scheme, also incorporating an aerobic nitrification biofilter and a granular filtration device, produced water of excellent quality, i.e., with near-zero levels of nitrite and ammonia, a sufficiently high pH for aquaculture, and low turbidity. The proposed system thus provides a solution for sustainable small-scale, urban aquaculture operation with a very high recovery of water (over 99%) and minimal waste disposal.  相似文献   

20.
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) postsmolts weighing 150 ± 53 g were exposed to 14–15 mg l–1 TA-N (total ammonia-N) in sea water in 1 m3 tanks for 24h. Blood samples were then taken A) immediately after the fish were netted from the exposure tanks and stunned by a blow to the head; B) 2–20 min after the fish were transferred to 15 l of an anaesthetic solution of metomidate in ammonia-free sea water; or C) 2–20 min after the fish were transferred to 15 l of ammonia-free sea water. Plasma TA-N level was 18% lower in the anaesthetised fish compared to in the fish sampled directly from the exposure tanks (p 0.05), and accordingly 16% lower in the fish transferred to pure sea water although this difference was not significant (p = 0.07). Plasma glucose level was higher in the fish transferred to pure sea water than in the fish receiving the two other treatments (p 0.05), but plasma urea, osmolality, Na+, Cl–, Ca2+ or Mg2+ levels did not vary significantly between the different treatments. Plasma TA-N level increased with time in the fish in the metomidate solution (p 0.02).  相似文献   

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