养殖密度对饲料驯化期西伯利亚鲟生长的影响

研究了养殖密度对饲料驯化期西伯利亚鲟(Acipenser baerii)稚鱼生长和存活的影响。试验设置5个养殖密度(1.843、1.638、1.433、1.228、1.024 kg/m3)。试验期间采用依次投喂水蚯蚓、软颗粒饲料、硬颗粒饲料的驯养方法,逐步从活饵料转喂人工配合颗粒饲料。试验结果表明,最大密度组D1溶解氧达到最低值4.09 mg/L,接近鲟鱼正常生长发育的临界溶氧;高密度组D1、D2、D3和低密度组D4、D5死亡率和终体重差异显著(P<0.05);D3特定生长率(SGR)均值最大,D1、D2和D3、D4、D5的SGR差异显著(P<0.05);D4的终体重、日增重(DWG)、肥满度(CF)最大,各密度组对DWG、CF和体长及体重变异系数(CV)的影响较小(P>0.05)。试验期间从D1到D5组的死亡率依次为2.06%,1.99%,1.87%,1.68%和1.64%,CF为0.498～0.532,SGR平均值为11.16%～13.14%,体重CV为30.72%～33.54%,体长的CV为6.64%～9.94%。根据试验结果,建议饲料驯化期西伯利亚鲟稚鱼的适宜养殖密度控制在1.228～1.433 kg/m3,即直径2 m的玻璃缸每缸3 000～3 500尾。     

养殖密度对华南鲤幼鱼生长特性的影响

为了提高稻田养殖的效率,了解不同养殖密度对华南鲤(Cyprinus carpio rubrofuscus)幼鱼生长特性的影响,本研究在室内水族箱中养殖初始体质量约为0. 35 g、孵化三周的华南鲤幼鱼,密度分别为M1 (43. 48尾/m2)、M2 (86. 96尾/m2)、M3 (173. 91尾/m2)、M4(347. 83尾/m2)四个组,进行11周的养殖试验。试验结果表明,养殖密度对存活率无显著影响,但华南鲤幼鱼的体质量、体长、日增重(DWG)、净增重(NY)、肥满系数、变异系数(CV)和特定生长率(SGR)都随着养殖密度的增加而降低; M1组的体质量、体长、日增重、净增重、特定生长率均最大,其中日增重、净增重、特定生长率均与M2组无显著差异,但是M1组的变异系数较M2组要小。研究结果表明,此阶段华南鲤幼鱼最适养殖密度为M1 (43. 48尾/m2)。     

光照、水流和养殖密度对史氏鲟稚鱼摄食、行为和生长的影响

研究了光照强度和周期,水流速度,养殖密度对史氏鲟摄食、生长和行为的影响.光照周期在一定的照度和时间范围内对史氏鲟稚鱼的摄食和生长没有显著影响.水流和养殖密度对史氏鲟的生长有着显著的影响.高水流速度和低养殖密度对史氏鲟的生长有着积极的影响,生长效率、特定生长率和日增重都随流速的增大和养殖密度的降低而增大,条件系数随密度的增大而减小,而净增重随密度的增大而增大,各密度组的史氏鲟稚鱼的生长离散没有加剧.在流速为0.06 m·s-1和0.18 m·s-1范围内,稚鱼的生长效率(GE)与流速(V)之间存在着显著的正相关关系,其关系式为 GE=46.106+142.04V (r=0.5216).特定生长率(SGR)与养殖密度(SD)之间存在着显著的负相关,其关系式为SGR=4.9728-0.4914SD (r=-0.6553).3种环境因子对稚鱼的食欲未有明显影响,但饵料转化率会随养殖密度的增大和流速的降低而显著性增大.史氏鲟稚鱼在照度100～1100 lx之间的趋光率为49.55%,无显著的趋光性;当亮区照度在13 000 lx以上,稚鱼100%避光.处于全黑条件下的稚鱼的体色却普遍变浅,呈灰白色;而另两种光周期条件下的稚鱼体色深黑,全光照条件下的稚鱼体色与自然光周期下的一样.在试验流速范围内,水流刺激还将影响稚鱼的某些行为,在流水环境中稚鱼喜聚集和逆水游动.     

养殖密度和温度对白斑狗鱼在设施养殖中生长的影响

研究了养殖密度和温度对白斑狗鱼稚鱼在设施养殖中生长的影响。经过30d的养殖试验发现养殖密度和温度对白斑狗鱼稚鱼在设施养殖中的摄食和生长都有显著影响。日增重、特定增长率、生长效率、摄食效率随密度的增大而减小,净增重24ind·m-3和16ind·m-3密度组最高;随着温度的升高,日增重、特定增长率、生长效率均呈现先升高后下降的趋势,其中24℃组生长最快,摄食效率则随温度的升高而增大。特定生长率与密度之间存在显著直线回归关系,其回归方程为SGR=7.30-0.122SD(r2=0.9927);养殖温度和特定增长率之间存在显著二次函数关系,其回归方程为SGR=-0.047T2 2.169T-19.56(r2=0.8342),当温度为23.1℃时,白斑狗鱼的特定增长率最大为5.544,表明白斑狗鱼最适生长水温应在23～24℃。白斑狗鱼尽管是凶猛性鱼类,但只要控制好一定的养殖密度和水温,进行设施养殖是可行的。     

养殖密度对长薄鳅稚鱼生长的影响

研究了养殖密度对长薄鳅稚鱼生长的影响。养殖密度分别为1、2、4、8尾/L,经过28d的养殖试验发现,养殖密度在1-4尾/L之间,长薄鳅稚鱼的最终体重、特定生长率、日增重都随着养殖密度的增大而升高,进一步增加养殖密度(8尾/L),稚鱼的生长反而下降,饵料转化率和净增重却随养殖密度的增加而增加。高密度组(4、8尾/L)长薄鳅稚鱼个体生长速度离散度明显加大,稚鱼的成活率也随养殖密度的增加而下降。     

规格、密度、附着基对刺参南移室内水泥池养殖生长和个体生长差异的影响

利用生态实验学方法,研究了密度(1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5 kg/m~2)、规格(200、100、50、20 ind/kg)和附着基(瓦片、空心水泥砖、塑料管)对刺参南移室内工厂化养殖效果的影响。通过对刺参生长(SGR)与个体生长差异(CV)的测定与分析,初步掌握了刺参南移室内水泥池工厂化养殖关键技术。试验结果表明:密度对刺参的生长有着显著的影响(P0.05),放养密度增加,刺参的特定生长率显著降低,而生长变异系数增大,但生长变异系数对1.0 kg/m~2和1.5 kg/m~2无统计学意义差异;规格对刺参的生长有着显著的影响(P0.05),200 ind/kg和100 ind/kg试验组特定生长率显著高于50 ind/kg和20 ind/kg试验组而生长变异系数显著低于50 ind/kg和20 ind/kg试验组;附着基对刺参的生长有着显著的影响(P0.05),空心水泥砖和瓦片试验组特定生长率显著高于塑料管组而生长变异系数显著低于塑料管组。结合生产实际,刺参南移室内水泥池养殖时,养殖密度应低于1.5 kg/m~2、附着基应采用空心水泥砖或瓦片,小规格刺参(200 ind/kg和100 ind/kg)更适宜室内水泥池养殖;养殖过程中,当养殖密度达到1.5 kg/m~2或刺参规格差异较大时,要适时分苗以减轻刺参个体生长差异。     

水温对全雌虹鳟稚鱼生长的影响

试验设计3个温度处理组分别为8~10℃组、12~14℃组和16~18℃组,每组设3个平行,试验期40天,研究水温对全雌虹鳟稚鱼生长性能的影响.结果表明:试验温度下,全雌虹鳟稚鱼各温度组体长、体重差异显著(P<0.05).以16~18℃组体重增长优势最为明显,特定生长率SGR、增重率WGR显著高于8~10℃组(P<0.05),日增重DWG极显著高于8~10℃组(P<0.01).研究显示,16~18℃为全雌虹鳟稚鱼较适宜养殖水温,全雌虹鳟稚鱼在该温度范围内将获得理想的生长优势,有望带来更高的经济效益.     

工厂化养殖条件下大鲵适宜养殖密度的研究

在工厂化养殖条件下,研究了养殖密度对2~5龄大鲵(Andrias davidianus)摄食与生长的影响。结果表明:2龄大鲵适宜养殖密度为27尾/m2,该组特定生长率显著高于9尾/m2组、18尾/m2组(P<0.05),且饵料系数最低;当养殖密度为17尾/m2时,3龄大鲵的增重率、特定生长率最大,饵料系数最低且与低密度5尾/m2组差异显著(P<0.05),确定3龄大鲵的适宜养殖密度为17尾/m2;4龄大鲵特定生长率的最大值出现在养殖密度为10尾/m2,显著高于16尾/m2组(P<0.05),且饵料系数最低,4龄大鲵的适宜养殖密度为10尾/m2;5龄大鲵的适宜养殖密度为5尾/m2,特定生长率与高密度组9尾/m2差异显著(P<0.05),饵料系数最低。大鲵适宜养殖密度与体重存在显著的负相关性,关系式为y=-0.016 4x+25.34(r2=0.839 9)。     

养殖密度对图们雅罗鱼(Leuciscuswaleckiitumensis)幼鱼生长和饲料效率的影响

为了解在池塘养殖条件下,养殖密度对图们雅罗鱼(Leuciscuswaleckiitumensis)生长指标和饲料利用率的影响。在水温11.8～27.3℃,将初始体重没有显著差异的图们雅罗鱼幼鱼以3尾/m~2(D1)、6尾/m~2(D2)、9尾/m~2(D3)和12尾/m~2(D4)的密度放养。经过90d的养殖,结果表明:养殖密度对养殖水质、体重、变异系数、肥满度、增重率、日增重、特定生长率、存活率和饲料系数均有显著差异。高密度组NH4+-N大于0.025 mg/L,TP大于0.01 mg/L,TN大于0.05 mg/L;体重、增重率、日增重、特定生长率,9尾/m~2密度组差异最大,与其余3个密度组有显著差异;生长离散低密度组(D1、D3)与高密度组(D3、D4)有显著差异,低密度组之间、高密度组之间无显著差异;12尾/m~2存活率最低,与其他密度组有显著差异;肥满度和饲料系数低密度组之间、高密度组之间均无显著差异,低密度组与高密度组之间有显著差异。综合试验结果,建议图们雅罗鱼幼鱼放养密度在9尾/m~2。     

热带地区池塘工程化循环水模式下淡水鲨鱼的试验养殖及养殖密度对其生长性能的影响

正为了验证热带地区应用池塘工程化循环水模式养殖淡水鲨鱼的可行性,同时初步探究不同养殖密度对淡水鲨鱼生长性能的影响,本试验设置了30000尾/槽和40000尾/槽2个养殖密度,经过120d的试验养殖,其结果显示:低密度槽淡水鲨鱼在各个阶段的体重及体长增长量、体重增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)和绝对生长率(AGR)均高于或等于高密度槽,显现出在池塘工程化循环水养殖模式下,相对高的养殖密度会对淡水鲨鱼的生长性能产生负影响。     

Interactive effects of family and stocking density on survival and growth of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

To investigate the effects of family, stocking density, and their interaction on mortality, growth rate, and size dispersal in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius, 1,440 juveniles from six full‐sib families were exposed to three stocking densities, that is, low stocking density (LD), middle stocking density (MD), and high stocking density (HD), and reared for 10 months in sea‐based suspended cages. The results demonstrated significant family effects on cumulative mortality rate (CMR); specific growth rate for test diameter (SGR for TD); specific growth rate for body weight (SGR for BW); coefficient of variation for body weight at the 10th month (CV for BW₁₀); and significant stocking density effects on SGR for TD, SGR for BW, and CV for BW₁₀. Statistically significant family by stocking density interaction was only found in SGR for TD. A certain degree of family‐ranking inversions occurred in SGR for TD. The present study provides evidence for the existence of family by stocking density interaction on the growth rate of test diameter in the family selection for S. intermedius. More attention should be paid to this interaction effect to select correct parents in S. intermedius.     

养殖密度对杂交鳢仔鱼生长与存活的影响

在温棚水族箱中养殖杂交鳢仔鱼,养殖密度分别为0.5、1、2、4、8尾/L,共养殖15 d,试验结果表明:养殖密度在0.5～4尾/L之间,杂交鳢仔鱼的最终体重、特定生长率、日增重都随着养殖密度的增大而升高,当养殖密度为4尾/L时,三者达到最大值;进一步增加养殖密度,仔鱼的生长反而下降。高密度组(4、8尾/L)杂交鳢仔鱼个体生长速度离散度明显加大,仔鱼的成活率随养殖密度增加而下降。     

Growth of Juvenile Scup,Stenotomus chrysops,Fed Three Commercial Diets

Juvenile scup, Stenotomus chrysops, 0.5–1.5 g weight were fed three different commercial diets for six weeks to determine growth rates. Diets were hand-distributed to triplicate groups of 30 fish, four times a day. Survival for all treatments was 93%. The diets used were INVE Aquaculture NRD marine diet (NRD), Skretting Feed Products Gemma starter feed (Gemma), and Salt Creek Progression fish starter diet (Progression). While all diets supported good growth, after 6 weeks scup fed the NRD diet were of significantly greater length and weight (P?<?0.05) than fish fed the other diets. The effects of each diet on fish growth were significantly different from each other (P?<?0.05), with final live weight (g), total length (mm), relative growth rate (RGR), and daily weight gain (DWG) measurements higher for fish fed the NRD diet. Scup fed the Gemma diet were of significantly greater length and weight than fish fed the Progression diet. The specific growth rate (SGR) of scup fed either the NRD or Gemma diets were not significantly different; however, both of these diets produced fish with significantly higher SGR than those fed the Progression diet. Feed conversion ratios (FCR) of scup fed either the NRD or the Gemma diets were significantly lower than the FCR of fish fed the Progression diet. SGR values were 6.6%, 6.3%?and 5.6%/day, and FCR values were 1.03, 1.11, and 1.31 for fish fed the NRD, Gemma, and Progression diets, respectively. RGR values were 1,439%, 1,212%, and 895%, and DWG values were 0.33 g, 0.27 g, and 0.20 g/day for scup fed the NRD, Gemma, and Progression diets, respectively.     

陆基圆池循环水条件下养殖密度对大口黑鲈生长及养殖效能的影响

为研究陆基圆池循环水养殖条件下大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)适宜的养殖密度,设置55、65、75、85、95尾/m²等5种养殖密度(分别标记为A1、A2、A3、A4、A5组),进行了63 d的大口黑鲈养殖试验,通过测定和分析试验鱼的体质量日增长率、体长日增长率、饲料系数、体质量均匀度和单位面积产量等指标,评价不同养殖密度对大口黑鲈生长和主要养殖效能的影响。结果显示:(1)从次低密度的A2组(65尾/m²)至密度最高的A5组(95尾/m²),试验鱼的体长日增长率基本上随着养殖密度的提高而下降,最高的A2组比A3、A4和A5组分别高了31.6%、82.9%和92.3%,并且差异显著(P<0.05);(2)从A2组至A5组,试验鱼的体质量日增长率和特定生长率均随着养殖密度的提高而下降;(3)A2组的饲料系数比A1、A3、A4和A5组分别降低了16.7%、28.6%、55.4%和56.9%;(4)单位面积产量和产品均匀度均在A2组达到最高。基于生长性能及养殖效能的综合评价,陆基圆池循环水养殖条件下大口黑鲈成鱼养殖阶段较适宜的养殖密度为65尾/m²。     

密度对网箱养殖硬头鳟生长及经济效益的影响

本文主要研究密度对网箱养殖硬头鳟Oncorhynchus mykiss存活和生长的影响。在水温8.2~19.1℃下,将体质量1.02 kg的硬头鳟鱼种养殖在5m×10m×6m网箱中,网箱放置在松花江上游的松山水库中,密度分别为5尾/m~2(Ⅰ组)、8尾/m~2(Ⅱ组)、11尾/m~2(Ⅲ组)和14尾/m~2(Ⅳ组),投喂粗蛋白含量为42%、粗脂肪22%的颗粒饲料,常规养殖。145d的养殖表明:网箱养殖的放养密度对硬头鳟的生长有一定影响。第Ⅳ组鱼的存活率显著低于其他3组(P0.05);放养密度为5~11尾/m~2时硬头鳟的生长与密度呈正相关,大于此密度范围则呈负相关。第Ⅲ组鱼的终末体质量、日增重、增重率、利润和利润率显著高于其余3组(P0.05);4个密度组硬头鳟的产量随放养密度增加而递增。本试验表明:网箱养殖硬头鳟的放养密度为11尾/m~2较适宜。     

养殖密度对克氏原螯虾幼虾生长、摄食和饵料利用影响

以体重(0.015±0.004)g克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)幼虾为研究对象,研究了50、100、300、600、900尾/m25种养殖密度对克氏原螯虾幼虾生长、摄食和饲料利用的影响,实验周期为30 d。结果显示:克氏原螯虾幼虾的体长、特定生长率、平均日增重、存活率和蜕壳率都随养殖密度的增大而减小,其中日增重由(0.007±0.002)g下降为(0.002±0.001)g,蜕壳率由(100±0.000)%下降为(37.222±3.928)%,降幅明显;体长、体重变动系数随养殖密度的增大而增大。每组个体的平均摄食量和摄食率均与养殖密度成反比。此结果表明养殖密度的增大总体来说不利于克氏原螯虾幼虾的生长和摄食。在饲料利用方面,饵料转化率在各养殖密度组之间无明显差异;蛋白质特定生长率、脂肪特定生长率和脂肪储积率随养殖密度增大呈减小趋势,蛋白质储积率呈增大趋势。     

美洲鲥幼鱼饲料中蛋白质的适宜含量

为研究饲料中不同蛋白质含量对美洲鲥幼鱼生长的影响,设置了蛋白质含量分别为35%、40%和45%的3组实验,经过41d的试验得出:蛋白质含量为40%的饲料组,幼鱼的增重率、特定生长率最高(P<0.05);蛋白质含量为40%组和45%组的蛋白质效率和饲料转化率无显著差异(P>0.05),但均高于35%组(P<0.05)。     

Response of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822), to Diets of Pigeon Pea, Cajanus cajan, Subjected to Different Processing Methods

Raw undehulled pigeon pea, Cajanus cajan, seeds were processed by toasting, boiling, and soaking before milling to produce pigeon pea meals (PPMs). African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, were fed eight diets formulated with these meals at two dietary inclusion levels of 600 and 650 g/kg in combination with fish waste meal levels of 350 and 330 g/kg, respectively, to yield a protein and energy contents of 35.96 ± 2.1% dry matter and 18.04 ± 0.2 kJ/g. Fish (mean weight 0.46 g) were weighed and distributed to 24 experimental tanks (seven fish per tank). Triplicate fish groups were fed restricted ration (5% of biomass) per day in two portions for 56 d in static water. Results showed that fish groups fed raw PPM diets had low body weight gain (BWG), inferior specific growth rate (SGR), and high feed conversion ratio (FCR) when compared to other feeding groups. The hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and red blood cell and white blood cell counts decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with raw PPM diets. Slight decrease also was recorded among groups fed diets of other processing methods when compared with initial fish. However, soaking for 16 h enhanced best fish BWG, SGR, FCR, and hematological values and can be recommended as a good processing method of PPM for African catfish diets.     

Evaluation of pea protein isolate as alternative protein source in diets for juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

To evaluate isolated pea protein as feed ingredient for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles, triplicate groups were fed with four isonitrogenous [crude protein: 421.1–427.5 g kg⁻¹ in dry matter (d.m.)] and isoenergetic (gross energy: 20.46–21.06 MJ kg⁻¹ d.m.) diets with varying protein sources for 8 weeks. Fish meal-based protein content of diets was substituted with 0% (diet 100/0=control group), 30% (diet 70/30), 45% (diet 55/45) and 60% (diet 40/60) isolated pea protein. Tilapia juveniles with an initial body weight of 2.23–2.27 g were fed in average at a level of 5% of their body weight per day. Highest individual weight gain (WG: 21.39 g) and specific growth rate (SGR: 4.21% day⁻¹) and best feed conversion ratio (FCR: 0.90) were observed in tilapia fed diet 100/0, followed by fish-fed diet 70/30 (WG: 19.09 g; SGR: 4.03% day⁻¹; FCR: 0.98), diet 55/45 (WG: 16.69 g; SGR: 3.80% day⁻¹; FCR: 1.06) and diet 40/60 (WG: 16.18 g; SGR: 3.74% day⁻¹; FCR: 1.06). Although fish fed diet 100/0 showed the best performance, inclusion of 30% protein derived from pea protein isolate resulted in a growth performance (in terms of WG and SGR) that did not differ significantly from diet 100/0 in contrast to fish fed diet 55/45 and 40/60. Crude ash content in the final body composition of the experimental fish decreased with increasing dietary pea protein content, while crude protein and lipid content remained equal between the groups. Significant decreasing growth performance and body ash incorporation of tilapia at higher inclusion levels seem to be mainly related to the dietary amino acid profile and phytic acid contents.