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1.
大口鲇苗种同类相残的研究   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12       下载免费PDF全文
在不同条件下,对大口鲇苗种(全长1.07-9.43cm)进行同类相残研究,结果表明,饵料缺乏时的相残率均显著地高于饵料充足时(P<0.01,N=8),放养密度对大口鲇苗种的相残行为有影响,大口鲇苗种相残最严重的时期是在平均全长1.07-2.68cm阶段,当平均全长达6.71cm以上时,相残行为较弱,苗种间个体大小存在差异,尤其是大规格苗种间出现个体大小差异时,相残行为较严重,饵料缺乏是导致大口钻苗种发生同类相残的主要原因,高放养密度和个体大小的差异会诱发和促进同类相残的发生。  相似文献   

2.
为了研究短蛸(Amphioctopus fangsiao)不同生长阶段的饵料需求,本研究采用刚孵化的短蛸幼体作为实验材料,首先观察不同环境条件下短蛸幼体的摄食行为,然后通过投喂不同的饵料,对短蛸幼体的生长过程进行研究。结果显示,卤虫无节幼体密度从0.1个/ml上升至1个/ml的过程中,密度在0.1个/ml时短蛸初孵幼体摄食量高;1–2 d龄幼体和2–3 d龄幼体有较为强烈的摄食行为,因此,需要从孵化第2天开始重视短蛸幼体的饵料情况。晚上是初孵幼体的摄食活跃阶段,在室内光和黑暗条件下均表现出高摄食量。投喂混合饵料时,短蛸幼体有较高的存活率和增长率;初孵幼体(0.03 g)培育过程中,卤虫无节幼体是关键饵料;当幼体开始附底(0.1 g)时,应及时进行饵料转换,虾苗和贝肉是附底幼体的重要饵料。该研究结果对短蛸规模化苗种繁育具有重要实用价值。  相似文献   

3.
为了研究短蛸(Amphioctopus fangsiao)不同生长阶段的饵料需求,本研究采用刚孵化的短蛸幼体作为实验材料,首先观察不同环境条件下短蛸幼体的摄食行为,然后通过投喂不同的饵料,对短蛸幼体的生长过程进行研究。结果显示,卤虫无节幼体密度从0.1个/ml上升至1个/ml的过程中,密度在0.1个/ml时短蛸初孵幼体摄食量高;1–2 d龄幼体和2–3 d龄幼体有较为强烈的摄食行为,因此,需要从孵化第2天开始重视短蛸幼体的饵料情况。晚上是初孵幼体的摄食活跃阶段,在室内光和黑暗条件下均表现出高摄食量。投喂混合饵料时,短蛸幼体有较高的存活率和增长率;初孵幼体(0.03 g)培育过程中,卤虫无节幼体是关键饵料;当幼体开始附底(0.1 g)时,应及时进行饵料转换,虾苗和贝肉是附底幼体的重要饵料。该研究结果对短蛸规模化苗种繁育具有重要实用价值。  相似文献   

4.
人工养殖条件下真蛸的生物学特性及胚胎发育   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
对人工养殖条件下真蛸(Octopus vulgaris)的生物学特性和胚胎发育进行了初步研究.结果表明,真蛸喜栖息于阴暗的场所,隐居,主要捕食一些活体甲壳类和贝类,也能很好的适应死鱼、蟹和贝类等饵料,夜间或傍晚摄食较为活跃.繁殖季节,雌、雄个体间存在交配行为,临产时亲蛸(♀)藏入巢穴,受精卵分批产出,呈穗状悬挂于巢穴顶部或四壁,亲蛸(♀)具有护卵行为.人工养殖条件下亲蛸不能全部产出其所怀的卵,产卵量为7×104~20×104粒,单位体重产卵量为42~71粒·g-1.受精卵为盘状卵裂,经过肉眼可见的红珠期、黑珠期、胚胎的逆转,水温18.2~22.1℃时,真蛸幼体经过35~42 d孵化出膜;22.3~26.9℃时,真蛸幼体经过24~37 d孵化出膜;24.6~28.3℃时,真蛸幼体经过23~33 d孵化出膜.  相似文献   

5.
浙江南麂岛真蛸网箱和水泥池养殖试验   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0  
2005年11月至2006年1月,分别在传统网箱和室内水泥池投放真蛸(Octopus vulgaris)野生苗种22062头,进行了养殖初步试验。主要结果为,55口传统网箱共放养10912头,平均体重233.6g,经过40d养殖,平均体重达660.9g,生长速度快,日增重率高达2.389%,养殖成活率62.8%,饵料系数为8.08。18口室内水泥池共放养11150头,平均体重220.5g,第一阶段经过33d养殖,平均体重达364.5g,生长速度不如传统网箱,日增重率1.402%,养殖成活率70.9%,饵料系数为6.04;第二阶段进入越冬期,生长更慢,经过53d养殖,平均体重达489.5g,日增重率只有0.552%,死亡较严重,养殖成活率仅44.3%,饵料系数为8.97。传统网箱养殖经济效益高于室内水泥池,投入产出比前者为11.210,后者为11.105。此外,还对影响真蛸生长和成活的各种因素、互残和自残行为等方面内容进行了分析探讨。  相似文献   

6.
对孵化后1~50日龄短蛸(Octopusocellatus)幼体的体重、全长、腕长及胴长进行测量,观察并分析其早期生长变化特征。在水温为22℃~24℃的养殖条件下,初孵短蛸平均全长为10.03 mm。11日龄幼体开始营底栖生活,以此为分界线划分为浮游期和底栖期。结果显示,1~11日龄浮游短蛸体重增长为立方函数增长类型,y=0.0001x~3–0.0019x~2+0.0098x+0.0409;11~50日龄的底栖短蛸体重增长为指数函数增长类型,y=0.0284e~(0.092x)。在1~50日龄短蛸幼体的生长过程中,体重(g)与全长(mm)呈立方函数关系,y=–8e–07x~3+0.001x~2–0.011x+0.099;全长(mm)与腕长(mm)呈线性关系,y=1.314x+4.952;体重、全长及腕长分别与日龄呈立方函数关系,y=6e–05x~3–0.003x~2+0.036x–0.03、y=0.0004x~3+0.002x~2+0.307x+10.604、y=0.0004x~3–0.007x~2+0.364x+4.205。通过研究短蛸幼体的生长发育特征,从而加深了对幼体生长的了解,并为短蛸人工繁育的研究提供参考依据。  相似文献   

7.
对孵化后1~50日龄短蛸(Octopus ocellatus)幼体的体重、全长、腕长及胴长进行测量,观察并分析其早期生长变化特征。在水温为22℃~24℃的养殖条件下,初孵短蛸平均全长为10.03 mm。11日龄幼体开始营底栖生活,以此为分界线划分为浮游期和底栖期。 结果显示,1~11日龄浮游短蛸体重增长为立方函数增长类型,y = 0.0001x3 – 0.0019x2 + 0.0098x + 0.0409;11~50日龄的底栖短蛸体重增长为指数函数增长类型,y = 0.0284e0.092x。在1~50日龄短蛸幼体的生长过程中,体重(g)与全长(mm)呈立方函数关系,y = –8e–07x3 + 0.001x2 – 0.011x + 0.099;全长(mm)与腕长(mm)呈线性关系,y = 1.314x + 4.952;体重、全长及腕长分别与日龄呈立方函数关系,y = 6e–05x3 – 0.003x2 + 0.036x – 0.03、y = 0.0004x3 + 0.002x2 + 0.307x + 10.604、y = 0.0004x3 – 0.007x2 + 0.364x + 4.205。通过研究短蛸幼体的生长发育特征,从而加深了对幼体生长的了解,并为短蛸人工繁育的研究提供参考依据。  相似文献   

8.
肖遥 《重庆水产》2005,(2):21-22
在大鲵的生长发育过程中、特别是人工养殖条件下,时有大个体、壮个体攻击、吞咬小个体、弱个体,致使被攻击者伤亡的现象,谓之同类相残。大鲵幼苗在外鳃消失前,常见一尾咬着另一尾的尾部,但这种行为并不引起伤害,可能不属于相残,而是一种包含游戏成分在内的行为。接近或达到性成熟年龄的大鲵,其追逐行为(除繁殖季节追逐交配外)多演变为相残行为。本文介绍了这一现象的原因和预防对策。  相似文献   

9.
采用实验生态学方法研究了温度、盐度、pH和饵料密度对皱肋文蛤清滤率的影响,旨在为该贝养殖容量、摄食行为和能量学研究提供基础数据,以及为该贝在我国南方海域的健康养殖和推广提供依据。实验结果表明,皱肋文蛤清滤率随温度(13~33℃)、盐度(13~33)、pH(7~9)和饵料密度(2.5×104~10×104cell/ml)的变化而呈现峰值变化,各种环境因子对3种规格皱肋文蛤清滤率均具有极显著性影响(P<0.01)。当温度、盐度、pH和饵料密度分别为28℃、23、8和10×104cell/ml时,大、中、小规格皱肋文蛤清滤率均达到最大值,分别为1.06、1.78和2.42 L/g.h,0.35、0.65和1.05 L/g.h,1.26、1.67和2.02 L/g.h,1.29、2.07和2.29 L/g.h,表明温度为28℃、盐度为23、pH为8、饵料密度为10×104cell/ml是皱肋文蛤最适宜的摄食环境条件。大、中、小规格皱肋文蛤清滤率对温度、盐度、pH和饵料密度敏感性均表现为大规格<中规格<小规格,揭示皱肋文蛤在适宜的环境条件下,中、小规格个体摄食活动频繁,生长旺盛。  相似文献   

10.
真蛸(Octopus sinensis)俗称章鱼、红章,主要分布于温带、亚热带和热带海域,是我国南方重要经济物种,具有生长速度快、繁殖力强和经济价值高等特点。真蛸体质量日增长率可达13%,食物转化率15%~43%,80 g幼蛸经过3个月养殖可长至1500 g,成熟母体产卵量6万~20万粒/只,适于规模化繁育和养殖,是国际头足类养殖开发的热点物种之一。由于真蛸幼体培育的浮游期长,技术工艺复杂,尚未建立起成熟的苗种培育技术,制约了真蛸的产业化发展进程。寻找适合真蛸幼体浮游期后期的饵料,是解决真蛸苗种繁育难题、实现产业化发展的关键。在没有合适饵料的前提下,可以尝试利用幼蛸的趋光性,在幼蛸聚群时少量多次投喂碎糠虾。在附底稚蛸阶段为幼蛸提供合适的躲藏场所,是后期保苗的关键。在实践过程中,可以用在池底堆积石块和牡蛎壳的方法为幼蛸提供躲藏场所,其中牡蛎壳的效果要优于石块。  相似文献   

11.
Effects of daily feeding frequency, water temperature, and stocking density on the growth of tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes, fry were examined to develop effective techniques to produce tiger puffer in a closed recirculation system. Fish of 4, 14, and 180 g in initial body weight were fed commercial pellet diets once to five times a day to apparent satiation each by hand for 8 or 12 wk at 20 C. Daily feeding frequency did not affect the growth of 14‐ and 180‐g‐size fish. However, the daily feed consumption and weight gain of the 4‐g‐size fish fed three and five times daily were significantly higher than those of fish fed once daily (P < 0.05). Fish of 4 and 50 g in initial body weight were reared with the pellet diet at 15–30 C for 8 wk. The weight gain of fish increased with increasing water temperature up to 25 C and decreased drastically at 30 C for both sizes. Similar trends were observed for feed efficiency, although 4‐g fish had highest efficiency at 20 C. Effects of stocking density on growth were examined with fish of 8, 13, and 100 g in initial body weight. Fish were reared with the pellet diet for 8 or 16 wk at 20 C. Fish were placed in floating net cages in the culture tank, and the stocking density was determined based on the total weight of fish and volume of the net cage. Fish of 8 g in body weight grew up to 35–36 g during the 8‐wk rearing period independent of the stocking density of 8, 15, and 31 kg/m3 at the end of rearing. Final biomass per cage reached 32, 60, and 115 kg/m3 for 13‐g‐size fish, and 10, 18, and 35 kg/m3 for 100‐g‐size fish, and the growth of the fish tended to decrease with increasing stocking density for both sizes.  相似文献   

12.
Depending on the initial stocking density, ocellate puffer larvae exhibit the cannibalism that resulted in high mortality. We aimed to clarify the relationship between stocking density of larvae, mortality, and the effect of density on cannibalism. Ocellate puffer larvae were reared at five different stocking densities between 5 and 25 larvae/L with duplicate 1‐m3 tank for each treatment. Larvae were stocked at 0 d after hatch (d.a.h.), and the experimental cultures lasted for 55 d. In larvae stocked initially at more than 10 larvae/L, cannibalism was evident from 11 to 17 d.a.h., and the survival rate at 55 d.a.h. was less than 15%. The survival rate was 25.5% at 5 larvae/L, and cannibalism was observed from 31 to 32 d.a.h. Consequently, an initial density of 5 larvae/L was the most efficient in terms of survival and the prevention of cannibalism. On the other hand, when cannibalism is still observed at 5 larvae/L, it is necessary to lower the stocking density before the onset of cannibalism.  相似文献   

13.
Manipulation of stocking densities (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 larvae L?1), each with or without the presence of shelter was conducted to determine the effects on survival, cannibalism and growth performances of larval bagrid catfish Mystus nemurus (Valenciennes 1840) from 2 to 14 days after hatching. This study revealed that stocking density significantly affected survival, cannibalism, total length, feed intake, specific growth rate and final weight of bagrid catfish larvae. Significantly higher survival was observed at moderate stocking density of more than 20 but less than 50 larvae L?1. Survival was significantly low beyond this threshold and was the lowest at 10 larvae L?1, coincides with the highest cannibalism. Total length, feed intake, specific growth rate and final weight were significantly higher at 10 larvae L?1. Shelter significantly improved total length and feed intake. No significant effects of stocking density and shelter were observed on the apparent feed conversion ratio and coefficient of variation. There was also no significant interaction between stocking density and shelter in all parameters. This study suggests that bagrid catfish larvae could be cultured at more than 20 but less than 50 larvae L?1 with the availability of shelter for optimal larviculture condition.  相似文献   

14.
This research was conducted to investigate the effect of stocking density on the growth performance and yield of Oreochromis niloticus in cage culture in Lake Kuriftu. The treatments had stocking densities of 50 (50F), 100 (100F), 150 (150F), and 200 (200F) fish per m?3. All treatments were in duplicate. Juveniles with an average weight of 45. 76±0.25 g were stocked in the treatments. The fish were fed a composite mixture of mill sweeping, cotton seed, and Bora food complex at 2% of their body weight twice per day using feeding trays for 150 days in powdered form. The growth performance of O. niloticus was density dependent. The final mean weight of O. niloticus ranged 147.76±0.28–219.71±1.42 g and the mean daily weight gain was 0.69±0.01–1.15±0.02 g day?1. Fish held in cages with lower density were heavier than the ones held at higher densities, and showed higher weight gain and daily weight gain. The most effective stocking density, in terms of growth parameters, was 50 fish m?3. The gross yield (4.5–20.55 kg cage?1) showed a significant difference with increasing stocking density (P<0.05). Moreover, the apparent food conversion ratio (2.48–7.22) was significantly affected by stocking density (P<0.05). However, survival rate was not affected by stocking density (P>0.05). It can be concluded that the most effective stocking densities were at 50 fish m?3 cage for larger size fish demand in a short period and 200 fish m?3 for higher gross production with supplementary feed.  相似文献   

15.
Pond-nursed pike-perch (Sander lucioperca) fry were trained to artificial diet and reared under controlled conditions maintained in aquaria using three stocking densities (1.25, 1.66 and 2.08 g/l). Two replicates per treatment were applied. The survival during the 4-week period of the experiment ranged from 44.2 to 49.6%. The majority of the losses were caused by cannibalism; only 8–14% could be attributed to natural mortality. Both cannibalism and natural mortality occurred in the first 2–3 weeks of rearing. The differences in the rate of cannibalism were independent of the stocking density. Natural mortality decreased with increasing density, consequently the highest survival was observed under the highest stocking density. Stocking density did not significantly influence growth, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio of the pike-perch fingerlings (p < 0.05).  相似文献   

16.
研究了放养密度和饵料种类对幼中国大鲵(Andrias davidianus)生长发育的影响,跟踪分析了自胚胎孵化至一龄幼鲵的存活与生长发育状况。结果表明,自胚胎孵化至一龄幼鲵的养殖密度为每0.1m210~20尾时,其成活率可达到100%,投放密度每0.1m2自20尾增加到60尾,平均存活率、年体长增加和年体重增加均显著降低。投喂摇蚊幼虫、猪肉、牛肉、羊肉和小鱼虾,幼苗的存活率分别为100%、90%、95%、85%和95%,体长增加分别为8.09cm、5.45cm、5.28cm、4.57cm、6.82cm,体重增加分别为25.97g、12.68g、11.82g、10.86g和20.67g。可见,摇蚊幼虫和小鱼虾是一龄幼大鲵的适宜饵料。  相似文献   

17.
The effect of stocking density on the survival and growth of pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (L.), larvae was examined in two consecutive experiments. In experiment I, 4-day-old larvae [body wet weight (BW): 0.5 mg; total body length (TL): 5.6 mm] were reared in 200-l cylindro-conical tanks in a closed, recirculating system (20 ± 0.5°C) at three stocking densities (25, 50 and 100 larvae l−1) and fed a mixed feed (Artemia nauplii and Lansy A2 artificial feed) for 14 consecutive days. At densities of 25 and 100 larvae l−1, growth rate and survival ranged from 2.7 to 1.9 mg day−1 and from 79.2 to 72.3%, and fish biomass gain ranged from 0.6 to 2.0 g l−1, respectively. There were two periods of increased larval mortality: the first was at beginning of exogenous feeding and the second during swim bladder inflation. In experiment II, 18-day-old larvae (BW: 35 mg; TL: 15.6 mm) obtained from experiment I were reared under culture conditions similar to those of experiment I, but at lower stocking densities (6, 10 and 15 larvae l−1). The fish were fed exclusively with artificial feed (trout starter) for 21 consecutive days. At densities of 6 and 15 larvae l−1, the growth rate and fish biomass gain ranged from 28.8 to 23.1 mg day−1 and from 2.0 to 3.3 g l−1, respectively. The highest survival (56.5%) was achieved at a density of 6 larvae l−1. Mortality at all densities was mainly caused by cannibalism II type behaviour (27–35% of total). In both experiments, growth and survival were negatively correlated and fish biomass gain positively correlated with stocking densities. The present study suggests that the initial stocking density of pikeperch larvae reared in a recirculating system can be 100 individuals l−1 for the 4- to 18-day period post-hatch and 15 individuals l−1 for the post-19-day period.  相似文献   

18.
Two experiments were conducted in order to determine the appropriate age and stocking density of vundu catfish Heterobranchus longifilis at the weaning time. In the first experiment, five triplicate groups of 100 larvae (initial mean weight=3.4 mg) per aquaria were stocked from first feeding [day 3 post‐hatch (p.h.)] to day 30 p.h., and then weaned, on days 3 (W3), 5 (W5), 8 (W8) and 14 (W14), and an unweaned group (An). Significant differences were observed in growth, survival, cannibalism, coefficient of weight variation and body composition among larvae weaned at different ages and the control group. The later the larvae were weaned, the better were the growth performances [final mean weight: from 65.1 to 201.1 mg and specific growth rate (SGR): from 11.0 to 15.2% day?1] and the survival (from 36.5% to 74.3%). The experiment with stocking densities of 5, 10, 25 and 50 larvae L?1 showed that increasing the stocking density decreased growth performances and weight variation but improved the survival rate of larvae. The best growth performances (SGR=13.4 and 11.4% day?1) with the lowest survival rates (70.3% and 77.3%) were observed in larvae stocked at densities of 5 and 10 larvae L?1 respectively.  相似文献   

19.
Juvenile red king crabs (RKCs) Paralithodes camtschaticus have a strong tendency for cannibalism, which is an obstacle for seedling production. We investigated the effects of density-dependent cannibalism on the survival rate and on growth, and estimated the optimal stocking density. Four different stocking densities of juvenile first instar crabs were maintained in tanks (50, 100, 200 and 400 individuals per 100-l tank: bottom area was 0.25 m2) during the 209 or 216 days of rearing. The survival rate was affected by stocking density, elapsed days, and the interaction between these variables. Although carapace length, an index of body size, was also affected by density, elapsed days, and the interaction between these variables, the effect associated with density was quite small, suggesting that cannibalism did not intensely affect growth of juvenile crabs. We then estimated the initial stocking density that maximizes the number of survivors using parameters of analyses. Optimal initial stocking density was predicted as 416, 197 and 149 individuals per tank when the target size was assumed as 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 mm, respectively. This estimation provides a baseline for seedling production in RKCs and could be further improved by considering other factors that affect survival and growth of RKCs.  相似文献   

20.
Cannibalism is frequently observed in larviculture of orange‐spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides. Previously, based on measurements of morphometric characters, a linear equation of total length (TL) of prey to cannibals was proposed: TLprey = 0.80 TLcannibal – 1.50. To verify the reliability of the equation, experiments were performed with pairs of fish with different TLs. Cannibalism occurred only when the cannibal‐prey size ratios were equal to or larger than that predicted by the equation. To predict the probability of cannibalism among the grouper of known TLs, a logistic regression model was proposed. The logistic regression model is: The logistic regression model showed the following: when either TLprey or TLcannibal is constant, the probability of cannibalism increases with increase in the cannibal‐prey size ratios; if given a constant cannibal‐prey size ratio, probability of cannibalism is lower in early stages than in later stages. The prediction contrasts with that calculated from the linear equation where the minimum cannibal‐prey size ratios decrease with size of the cannibal. However, the prediction matches observed rearing experiences: cannibals prefer smaller prey to larger ones and the cannibalism rate declines as fry age.  相似文献   

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