四指马鲅精巢发育及精子发生的组织学和超微结构

为了解四指马鲅（）精巢的组织结构和精巢发育及精子发生的组织学和超微结构变化，运用组织切片HE染色和透射电镜技术对养殖四指马鲅的精巢发育过程进行观察。结果显示，四指马鲅精巢位于腹腔背侧，紧贴中肾和鳔的腹面，为一对延长的扁平带状器官，呈灰白色，两条精巢于后端融合，呈“Y”字形，组织学上属典型小叶型精巢；根据精巢发育及精子发生的组织学特点可将其分为6个时期：3月龄精巢发育至第I期（精原细胞增殖期），4月龄发育至第II期（精母细胞增长期），5~7月龄发育至第III期（精母细胞成熟期），7~9月龄发育至第IV期（精子开始出现期），最早在10月龄发育至第V期（精子完全成熟期）达到初次性成熟；参与生殖排精后的精巢为第VI期（精子退化吸收期）；精子发生过程经历初级精原细胞、次级精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精细胞和精子6个时相，其细胞及细胞核直径逐级减小，核质比发生规律性变化；电镜下显示精子发生过程中，细胞核内染色体逐渐浓缩，电子密度增加，线粒体数量减少，体积增大，內嵴结构逐渐丰富；精子由头部、中部和尾部组成，鞭毛轴丝为典型“9+2”结构。本研究阐述了四指马鲅雄鱼精巢的组织结构及初次性成熟精巢发育及精子发生过程的组织学和超微结构变化，丰富了四指马鲅的繁殖生物学内容，为掌握四指马鲅的繁殖规律和提高人工繁育技术提供理论参考。     

多刺裸腹溞的精子发生

应用组织学方法和电镜技术,研究了多刺裸腹溞(Moina macrocopa)的精子发生、成熟精子的形态以及雄性生殖系统的结构特征。多刺裸腹溞雄性生殖系统包括1对精巢、1对输精管和1个生殖孔。精巢壁薄,由电子密度不同的2层结缔组织膜组成。生殖孔位于尾爪底部,其周围无类似交媾器等其他附属结构。多刺裸腹溞的精子发生经历精原细胞、精母细胞、精子细胞和成熟精子4个主要时期。精原细胞呈椭圆形,核染色质较分散,细胞质中分布着大量的粗面内质网和游离的核糖体。精母细胞由于挤压呈多角形,细胞核为椭圆形,核基质和染色质分别位于细胞核的一侧,细胞质中存在少量的线粒体,内质网呈片层状。精子细胞向精子分化,形态上纵向拉长,细胞核也纵向伸长;细胞质中线粒体数量增多,个体增大,且部分线粒体内嵴溶解,形成空泡状的衍生物;内质网大量发生。成熟精子弯曲成棒形,细胞核变小,呈圆形,位于精子的中央。扫描电镜观察显示,精子外表面光滑无附属结构。在整个精子发生过程中,细胞核双层核膜结构完整且清晰。此外在精巢中还存在巨大细胞。     

粗唇(鱼危)精巢显微结构和精子发生的研究

采用光镜和透射电镜观察了粗唇(鱼危)(Leiocassis crassilabris)精巢结构和精子发生.光镜结果显示:粗唇(鱼危)的精巢各小叶由数个小囊组成.从第Ⅱ期到第V期时,初级精母细胞逐渐发育成为次级精母细胞、精子细胞和精子,第Ⅵ期为排精后退化时期.透射电镜观察粗唇(鱼危)的精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞和精子的形态以及细胞核和线粒体等的结果表明:在精子发生各期中线粒体和细胞核有明显的变化;精原细胞时期细胞器较丰富,到精子细胞后期,细胞器的形态和数量发生了较大变化;随着精母细胞的发育,核质凝聚程度逐渐增强;粗唇(鱼危) 的精子具有椭圆的头部和复杂的中片,并具有由外膜折叠形成的波浪形的结构.     

粗唇鮠精巢显微结构和精子发生的研究

采用光镜和透射电镜观察了粗唇鮠(Leiocassis crassilabris)精巢结构和精子发生。光镜结果显示:粗唇鮠的精巢各小叶由数个小囊组成。从第Ⅱ期到第V期时,初级精母细胞逐渐发育成为次级精母细胞、精子细胞和精子,第Ⅵ期为排精后退化时期。透射电镜观察粗唇鮠的精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞和精子的形态以及细胞核和线粒体等的结果表明:在精子发生各期中线粒体和细胞核有明显的变化;精原细胞时期细胞器较丰富,到精子细胞后期,细胞器的形态和数量发生了较大变化;随着精母细胞的发育,核质凝聚程度逐渐增强;粗唇鮠的精子具有椭圆的头部和复杂的中片,并具有由外膜折叠形成的波浪形的结构。     

雄性非洲鲫鱼（Tilapia mossambica）的精子发生和成熟期的

本文叙述非洲鲫鱼精巢组织学的周期变化。在没有成熟的雄鱼结缔组织中含有原始生殖细胞和初级精原细胞。在产卵前精巢中充满着精子，但在精子发生的所有阶段的细胞也有出现，产卵后未排出的精子进行吞噬作用。虽然有精子发生活动力强的两个时期，但是在精子形成中没有静止时期。还报导了精巢成熟的各个时期。五个时期是明显的。     

长薄鳅的精巢发育和精子发生

应用组织学和超微结构方法研究了长薄鳅(Leptobotia elongate Bleeker)精巢发育和精子发生。结果显示:长薄鳅精巢一对,其发育过程可划分为6个时期,Ⅰ期性腺肉眼无法分辨雌雄。组织学结构显示长薄鳅的精巢属于小叶型,根据发育过程中细胞的大小、核仁多少、细胞核和细胞质浓缩的程度将精子发生划分为6个时相。超微结构下精原细胞分为初级精原细胞和次级精原细胞,成熟精子分头部、中片和尾部3个部分,尾部有侧鳍,具"9+3"式微管结构。     

单环刺螠体腔液抑菌特性研究

自体质量(18.03±1.35)g单环刺螠中抽取体腔液,于4℃、3000 r/min(离心半径13.5 cm)离心20 min,取体腔液上清液,再将离心所得血细胞沉淀用无菌生理盐水重悬后,经超声波破碎仪4℃破碎5 min,取体腔细胞破碎液上清液,以牛津杯法和生长曲线抑制法检测单环刺螠体腔液上清液和体腔细胞破碎液上清液对...     

水温、盐度对单环刺螠幼体发育影响

<正>单环刺螠(Urechis unicinctus),俗称"海肠",是辽宁地区著名的土著水产经济品种,属螠虫动物门,螠纲,无管螠目,刺螠科,为真体腔原口动物。味道鲜美,富含蛋白质、人体必需氨基酸、多肽、糖胺聚糖等多种活性物质。近年来,过度捕捞和环境污染严重破坏了单环刺螠的自然资源,导致其采捕量急剧下降。随着人工育苗关键技术的突破[1-2],单环刺螠的人工养殖势在必行。该试验研究了水温、盐度对单环刺螠幼体发育的影响,从发育速度、成活率两个角度初步建立了适     

脊尾白虾的性腺发育及组织结构观察

为系统研究脊尾白虾的性腺发育及组织学特征,采用常规的石蜡切片及H.E染色方法对脊尾白虾的性腺发育及其组织结构进行观察。结果表明,脊尾白虾的雌性生殖系统由卵巢、输卵管及排卵孔组成。卵子发生经历了卵原细胞、卵黄合成前期卵母细胞、内源性卵黄合成期卵母细胞、外源性卵黄合成期卵母细胞,最后发育为成熟的卵母细胞。卵巢发育可分为增殖期、小生长期、大生长期、成熟期及产后恢复期。脊尾白虾雄性生殖系统由精巢、输精管及排精孔组成。精巢由生精小管构成,不同生精小管内精子发育可不同步。精子发生经历了精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精细胞,最后发育为精子。输精管可分为前、中、后输精管及末端壶腹,精荚在输精管中形成。     

北方须鳅性腺发育的组织学观察

采用组织学方法观察辽宁太子河上游体长5~11cm的北方须鳅Barbatula nuda性腺发育的组织形态结构。结果表明:北方须鳅的精巢属于小叶形,分为6个发育期,精子的发生分为5个时相:精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞和成熟精子;卵巢发育分为6个时期,卵子的形成分为5个时相:卵原细胞、初级卵母细胞前期、初级卵母细胞后期、次级卵母细胞、成熟卵子。夏季水温较高时,北方须鳅迅速积累营养物质,精巢当年秋冬季节达到Ⅳ期,次年三、四月即可繁殖,较非冷水性鱼类提前1~2个月。     

感染白斑综合症病毒中国对虾雄性生殖系统的PCR检测与电镜观察

通过人工投喂携带WSSV的毒饵，对性腺发育成熟的中国对虾（Fenneropenaeus chinensis）雄虾（♂）进行感染实验。采用nest-PCR（巢式PCR）技术，检测感染后的中国对虾雄性生殖系统受WSSV感染情况，同时选取感染严重的虾样进行电镜观察。巢式PCR检测结果表明，感染组中国对虾的精巢、输精管和精囊均被WSSV感染，其中精囊呈阳性的最多，输精管次之，精巢最少。通过电镜进一步观察发现，WSSV粒子只存在于精巢、输精管和精囊的结缔组织中，而在其他组织和生殖细胞中均未发现病毒粒子。其中，精巢中WSSV粒子存在于精巢内两个生精小管之间的结缔组织；输精管中WSSV粒子存在于管壁的结缔组织；精囊中WSSV粒子也只存在于精囊内膜的结缔组织和精荚膜的结缔组织中。PCR检测和电镜观察结果均表明，WSSV粒子能感染中国对虾的雄性生殖系统且对性腺感染存在着一定的组织特异性。     

中华鳖淋巴心的组织学研究

采用解剖、石蜡切片和电镜制片方法，对中结鳖淋巴心的解剖部位、大小、显微结构和内容物的超微结构进行了观察。结果表明，中华鳖有３对淋巴心，位于肺部两侧的体腔外，通过结缔组织与背甲相连。测量和统计检验结果显示，其长径和短径均与背甲长呈直线正相关，性别间无显著差异。淋巴心呈椭球形，中央有１个腔，由淋巴心壁向内突出数条环形嵴状瓣膜。淋巴心壁的组织结构可分为４层，由内向外依次为主方上皮层、致密结缔组织层、横纹     

Differentiation and development of Leydig cell, and induction of spermatogenesis during testicular differentiation in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica

The initial appearance and the development of Leydig cells (LCs), the sites of steroid hormone production in the testis, were investigated ultrastructurally during testicular differentiation in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. In addition, the effects of a single injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG; 5 IU g body weight^-1) on histological changes of the testes and serum 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) were examined at various stages (15–18, 20–23, 26–29, 32–35, 38–41 and 46–50 cm body length (BL)) of testicular differentiation. Testicular differentiation was morphologically characterized by the development of loose connective tissue on the medial side in animals 18–29 cm in BL. Ultrastructurally, LCs were first identified in the loose connective tissue of the testis of the 23 cm fish. In the testes of fish over 32 cm, clusters of LCs were distributed throughout the interstitial region accompanying the increase in number of spermatogonia. In fish larger than 32 cm, spermatogenesis was induced by administration of HCG; serum 11-KT levels were also raised. On the other hand, there was no effect on spermatogenesis or serum 11-KT levels in fish less than 29 cm, or in the controls. These result suggests that morphological differentiation of LCs occurs in testis of the 23 cm eel, and subsequently, the testes of eels of BL more than 32 cm acquire the capability to produce steroid hormones.     

寄生于两种湖泊淡水鱼的伊格诺图斯胃瘤线虫IV期幼虫PCR分析、形态结构和组织病理

为探明寄生于翘嘴鲌（Culter alburnus Basilewsky）和花（鱼骨）（Hemibarbus maculatus Bleeker）腹腔内线虫的分类地位、形态特征及其寄生部位的组织损伤作用，进行了18S rDNA和ITS rDNA序列的PCR分析以及虫体和组织病理的显微观察。结果表明该线虫为伊格诺图斯胃瘤线虫（Eustrongylides ignotus）的IV期幼虫，明确了其ITS rDNA的基因序列。虫体除头部具有6个棘状突起和6个乳头状突起以及尾部具有尾斑突外，还发现其具有凹纹的体侧斑突等一些新的形态结构特征，补充了一些主要形态结构数据。根据体肌肌细胞数量和其一端伸入体腔的特点判定线虫体肌属于多肌型。食道由背侧腺和下腹腺组成，食道腔横切面呈三放射形。依据组成肠道的单层柱状上皮细胞数量，判定该线虫肠道属于多胞型。卵巢、输卵管、精巢和输精管外层均由以纤维细胞为主要成分的结缔组织构成。病理观察显示部分线虫以包囊形式寄生于肝脏、肠系膜和脾脏的腹腔组织器官，形成由纤维细胞和血管组成的包囊和大量嗜酸性白细胞浸润的主要炎症反应，包囊经历了形成、增大、壁增厚和后期包囊壁中细胞坏死而破裂的过程，严重感染的个体出现肝脏充血、细胞坏死和含铁血黄素沉着，脾脏缺血和含铁血黄素沉着以及肠系膜中的胰腺细胞分泌颗粒增多等病理变化。结果表明，该IV期幼虫对寄主内脏组织器官具有不同程度的组织病理损伤作用。     

莱氏拟乌贼输卵管腺超显微结构

为了解莱氏拟乌贼(Sepioteuthis lessoniana)输卵管腺的结构和功能，通过解剖学、组织切片和透射电镜技术对腺体进行解剖学及超显微结构观察。解剖结果显示，莱氏拟乌贼具有1个输卵管腺，由圆饼状近端输卵管腺和圆柱状远端输卵管腺构成，整体呈白色，靠近内壳侧具有棕黄色的色素沉着，透明瓣膜位于腺体末端。显微结果显示，输卵管腺由腺壁组织包裹，由外向内分别是外膜层和结缔组织。外膜层由柱状上皮细胞构成，结缔组织中分布少量肌肉组织和血管；腺体的外膜层和透明瓣膜的外表层中分布少量杯状细胞，瓣膜主要由肌肉组织构成。腺体内部是分泌叶瓣，在腺体中呈层状分布，叶瓣依附于腺壁组织。电镜结果显示，分泌细胞个体较大，细胞核呈圆形或椭圆形，包含大量内质网、线粒体和高尔基体等细胞器，此外，胞内分布大量黏液颗粒，细胞外连续着生纤毛。透明瓣膜主要由肌细胞构成，可见横切和纵切的肌丝以及大量的胶原纤维。研究表明，输卵管腺具备分泌功能，其分泌物形成受精卵的内层卵鞘，在受精卵孵化过程中具有重要作用。本研究首次对莱氏拟乌贼的输卵管腺进行超显微结构观察，描述了输卵管腺的外部形态构造和内部结构特征，分析并总结了该腺体的结构和...     

长蛸墨囊的组织学及其墨腺超微结构

分析了长蛸墨囊组织学及墨腺细胞的超微结构.结果表明,墨囊由墨囊体、导管和墨腺3部分组成,墨囊壁和导管壁分为外膜、肌肉层、粘膜下层和粘膜层,墨囊壁与肝脏外膜紧密相连,墨囊导管开口于直肠末端近肛门处；墨腺集中在墨囊底部靠近肝脏的一侧,由粘膜上皮细胞向囊腔内增生形成,呈索状,腺体中部含丰富的结缔组织；墨腺细胞分为具有无分泌功能的A型细胞和有分泌功能的B型细胞,微绒毛分布于B型细胞的顶端；墨汁颗粒在墨腺细胞囊泡中形成,并以胞吐或细胞破碎的形式将墨汁颗粒排出.     

Retracted: Study of testis histology and sperm morphology in the Bunnei,Barbus sharpeyi (Gunther, 1874) induced by luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone analogue and carp pituitary extract

This study was conducted to determine the effects of hormone treatment on testis structure in Barbus sharpeyi, as well as the morphology of sperm examined by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Male B. sharpeyi were divided into three groups (three fish per group) and injected with luteinizing hormone – releasing hormone analogue (LHRH–A₂) or carp pituitary extract (CPE). The first and second groups were treated with 10 μg kg^?1 LHRH–A₂ and metoclopramide (MET), and their testis were sampled pre‐ and Poststripping respectively. The third group received 2 mg kg^?1 CPE and were killed pre‐stripping. Based on the histological results obtained, the testicular connective tissue of the lumen was thicker, and seminal vesicles were of a lower volume, in fish injected with CPE in comparison to the other groups. After treatment with LHRH–A₂ and MET, not all spermatozoa within the testis were ejaculated, and only a small amount of sperm was obtained by abdominal stripping. The highest and lowest diameters of connective tissue within lobules were observed in fish receiving CPE and LHRH–A₂ treatments respectively. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in lobule space between the fish injected with the CPE and the fish injected with the LHRH–A₂ and MET. The SEM results revealed that the spermatozoa of B. sharpeyi were composed of a spherical to elliptical head, a cylindrical midpiece, and a lengthy flagellum. In conclusion, it was found that injection with LHRH–A₂ and MET improved the spermatogenic process in comparison to injection with CPE.     

“胃萎缩症”仿刺参幼体及亲参组织中病毒观察

海参含有丰富的蛋白质和粘多糖,营养和药用价值极高.全世界海参约有1200种,在我国海域分布的有140多种,其中以黄、渤海的仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)品质最佳[1].近几年,仿刺参(俗称"刺参")人工养殖已成为辽宁、山东沿海水产业重要的养殖品种之一和新的经济增长点.     

The glycerinated body wall of the sea cucumber as a suitable preparation for electron microscopic and physiological studies of ‘catch mechanism’

ABSTRACT:   The body wall of the sea cucumber changes its stiffness by ionic environments. The stiff state can be held for a long time, and the mechanism concerned is known as 'catch mechanism'. In the present study, the direct effects of ions on the mechanism using the glycerinated body wall treated with 50% glycerin to clarify how the ions effect changes of stiffness were examined. The glycerinated body walls contained collagen fibers and some broken cells in the connective tissue ultrastructurally. Cell membranes were not clearly present in the broken cells, and cell organelles were dispersed around the cells. The glycerinated body walls went into a limp state during addition of 10 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and showed height elongation rate in this study's experimental system. In contrast, the elongation rate decreased by the addition of 10 mM CaCl₂, that is, the body wall came to a stiff state. This stiff state could be considered as equivalent to 'catch state' of glycerinated body wall. Collagen fibers in those samples showed more compact arrangements at 10 mM CaCl₂ treatment than the one of 10 mM EDTA ultrastructurally. These features and physiological results suggested that EDTA and/or CaCl₂ from outside affect directly to the main part of the 'catch' mechanism in the glycerinated body wall.     

Gill filament necrosis in farmed Japanese eels, Anguilla japonica (Temminck & Schlegel), infected with Herpesvirus anguillae

A herpesviral gill disease accompanied by mass mortality occurred in Japanese eels, Anguilla japonica (Temminck & Schlegel), reared in warm water ponds from 1993 to 1995. Diseased fish displayed marked haemorrhage and congestion within gill filaments and destruction at the tips of affected filaments with necrosis and inflammation in the central connective tissue and the central sinus. Electron microscopy revealed herpesvirus particles in infected fibrocytes within the filamental connective tissue. The isolate was identified as Herpesvirus anguillae by a neutralization test. Infectivity experiments with the isolates revealed that the virus was pathogenic.