大黄素、维生素C及其配伍对团头鲂生长、生理生化指标、抗病原感染以及两种HSP70s mRNA表达的影响

选取1200尾健康的团头鲂,体重为(133.44±2.11)g,随机分成4组,其中1组为对照组,投喂基础日粮(含50.3mg/kg维生素C,以L-抗坏血酸-2-多聚磷酸酯为Vc源),另外3组为试验组,投喂饲料是在基础日粮中分别添加60mg/kg大黄素、700mg/kgVc、60mg/kg大黄素+700mg/kgVc。连续投喂60d后,检测团头鲂生长、肌肉成分、血液和肝脏生化指标以及两种热休克蛋白70s(HSP70s)mRNA的表达水平,并统计团头鲂感染嗜水气单胞菌后的成活率,以综合评价大黄素、高剂量Vc及其配伍对团头鲂的作用效果。结果表明,与对照组相比,大黄素、Vc组显著提高了鱼体增重率和特定生长率,血清中总蛋白(TP)、溶菌酶(LSZ)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)的水平,肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性和诱导型HSP70 mRNA的基础表达水平,降低了饵料系数、死亡率、血清中皮质醇(COR)、甘油三酯(TG)以及肝脏丙二醛(MDA)的含量(P<0.05);配伍组虽然血清中TP、LSZ的含量以及肝脏HSP70 mRNA水平显著升高,肝脏MDA的含量也显著降低(P<0.05),但均未表现出协同增效作用,其它指标与...     

酵母硒和茶多酚对团头鲂幼鱼生长和生长轴基因表达、营养品质及抗病力的影响

为探讨酵母硒和茶多酚对团头鲂幼鱼生长、肌肉营养品质和抗病力的影响,以初始体质量为(1.75±0.01)g的团头鲂为研究对象,采用二因素三水平实验设计在基础饲料(Se含量为0.08 mg/kg)中分别添加酵母硒(按硒计)3个水平(分别为0、0.25和0.50mg/kg),茶多酚3个水平(分别为0、50和100 mg/kg),进行排列组合后得到9组饲料.连续投喂60 d后,检测团头鲂生长、肌肉营养成分、血液和肝脏生化指标以及生长相关基因的表达水平,并统计团头鲂感染嗜水气单胞菌后的成活率,以综合评价酵母硒和茶多酚对团头鲂的作用效果.结果表明:饲料中添加酵母硒和茶多酚均显著提高了团头鲂幼鱼的增重率、特定生长率以及肌肉中粗蛋白含量,降低了饵料系数(P＜0.05),酵母硒和茶多酚交互作用也显著提高增重率和特定生长率,显著降低饵料系数(P＜0.05),表现出协同增效作用.酵母硒和茶多酚均可以通过诱导下丘脑—垂体—生长轴相关基因表达来提高生长性能,不同的是,酵母硒主要上调脑垂体MaGH和肝脏MaIGF-I基因的mRNA表达,茶多酚主要上调脑垂体MaGHR2基因而显著下调肝脏MaIGF-Ⅰ基因的mRNA表达(P＜0.05),结果表明,饲料中添加酵母硒显著提高团头鲂血清中GH和IGF-Ⅰ的含量(P＜0.05),而茶多酚显著降低血清中IGF-Ⅰ的含量(P＜0.05).攻毒实验表明,酵母硒和茶多酚均能提高攻毒后鱼的成活率,且两者交互作用明显.综合生长性能和抗病力分析,团头鲂幼鱼饲料中酵母硒和茶多酚配伍的适宜添加量为0.50 mg/kg酵母硒和50 mg/kg茶多酚.     

海豚链球菌感染对不同品系罗非鱼血液生化指标和肝脏HSP70 mRNA表达的影响

以吉富罗非鱼、新吉富罗非鱼、埃及尼罗罗非鱼和红罗非鱼为研究对象,饲养100d后,进行海豚链球菌(2.95×108CFU/mL)感染试验,分析攻毒前后各品系罗非鱼的血液生化指标和肝脏HSP70 mRNA表达量的变化规律。另从各桶中取20尾鱼进行同样的攻毒试验,统计攻毒后各时间点的累积死亡率。结果表明,感染海豚链球菌96h后,吉富罗非鱼和新吉富罗非鱼对病原较为敏感,累积死亡率分别达到36.67%和38.33%;埃及尼罗罗非鱼对病原敏感性较差,试验期间未见死亡。吉富罗非鱼、新吉富罗非鱼和红罗非鱼血清皮质醇和葡萄糖水平以及肝脏HSP70 mRNA的表达量在攻毒后明显提高,血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶与溶菌酶活力也呈上升趋势,碱性磷酸酶活力与甘油三酯和胆固醇水平低于攻毒前。埃及尼罗罗非鱼可以利用糖原和脂类产生的能量,提高了HSPS与一些特定免疫蛋白(溶菌酶、球蛋白等)的合成,增强了鱼体的非特异性免疫力。罗非鱼选育过程中,需要将抗病力与生长性能进行有效的结合,在注重生长速度的同时也要增强其抗应激能力,从而为罗非鱼产业的可持续发展提供保证。     

急性氨氮胁迫对黄颡鱼组织抗氧化酶活性及HSP70和HSP90基因mRNA表达水平的影响

为了探讨急性氨氮胁迫对黄颡鱼组织中抗氧化酶活性及HSP70和HSP90基因mRNA表达水平的影响,实验随机挑选了360尾黄颡鱼[初体质量(17.25±0.05)g],分别暴露于含有0(对照)、5.70(低浓度组)、28.50(中浓度组)和57.00(高浓度组)mg/L总氨氮浓度的水体中,进行96 h的急性胁迫实验。实验开始后,分别于0、12、24、48和96 h取样。结果显示,氨氮胁迫发生后,低、中浓度组实验鱼肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈先升高后降低趋势,而高浓度组则持续降低;低、中、高浓度组实验鱼肝脏中丙二醛(MDA)含量在胁迫开始后显著升高;3 h时,高浓度组实验鱼肝脏中SOD活性达到最低,而MDA含量最高;24 h后,高浓度组实验鱼肝脏中过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著升高;低、中、高浓度组实验鱼肝脏中HSP70基因的mRNA表达量呈先降低后升高趋势,而鳃中HSP70基因表达量持续升高,但脑中HSP70基因在0 h后显著降低;氨氮胁迫3 h时,低、中、高浓度组实验鱼肝脏和脑中HSP70基因表达量显著低于对照组,而在鳃中正好相反;相比HSP70基因,高氨氮浓度组实验鱼肝脏和鳃中HSP90基因的mRNA表达量在24 h时达到最高。研究表明,不同浓度的氨氮胁迫会对黄颡鱼抗氧化酶活性造成不同程度的抑制,原因与丙二醛的积累量有关;相比HSP90基因,黄颡鱼HSP70基因的表达量在氨氮胁迫发生后迅速上调,这种生理调控机制提示HSP70在应对急性氨氮胁迫时发挥着更重要的作用。     

全氟辛烷磺酸类物质对剑尾鱼Cu/Zn-SOD及相关应激基因表达的影响

研究全氟辛烷磺酸类物质(PFOS)暴露对剑尾鱼肝脏Cu/Zn-SOD及相关应激基因表达的影响,探讨筛选导致体内氧化应激反应的敏感生物标志物,并首次克隆和分析剑尾鱼Cu/Zn-SOD的cDNA全序列。实验将剑尾鱼随机分为5组,包括对照组和3.5、7.0、14.0和28.0mg/L等4个PFOS实验暴露组,同时设置平行组。定量测定了24 h、48 h、96 h和14 d肝脏组织中的Cu/Zn-SOD、HSP70-1、HSP70-2和GST mRNA表达水平的变化,成功克隆包含794 bp核苷酸和编码154个氨基酸的剑尾鱼Cu/Zn-SOD的cDNA全序列。通过与其他相关鱼类Cu/Zn-SOD的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列相似性比较发现,核苷酸和氨基酸序列相似性分别达到77%~83%和79%~88%。高浓度PFOS暴露后,剑尾鱼肝脏中与应激相关的各种基因发生不同程度的变化。通过RT-PCR技术检测Cu/Zn-SOD mRNA表达在剂量效应上不显著,Cu/Zn-SOD mRNA表达和SOD活性之间并没有相关性,推断是其他类型的SOD基因在PFOS暴露下发挥更为重要的作用。随着暴露时间的持续延长,Cu/Zn-SOD基因的转录水平变化趋势与SOD活性变化及HSP70-1 mRNA表达相一致,表明HSP70通过提高剑尾鱼体内SOD水平以保护机体免受氧化损伤。HSP70-2 mRNA水平比HSP70-1 mRNA表达更加敏感。HSP70-2变化趋势与Cu/Zn-SOD mRNA表达相关性不强,其相关机制有待进一步研究。G ST mRNA表达呈不断上升趋势,这与Nrf2信号传导途径有关,也可能是机体在应对PFOS进入鱼体后的一种防御措施。剑尾鱼在体实验表明,PFOS能够诱导肝脏氧化应激反应,GST mRNA和HSP70-2 mRNA表达可以作为PFOS暴露的敏感生物标志物。     

维生素C水平对大口黑鲈抵抗嗜水气单胞菌感染的影响

以不同水平包膜维生素C(0、500、1 000、2 000、4 000 mg/kg)的5种饲料喂养初始体重为19 g左右的大口黑鲈2个月,每个处理50尾鱼,各处理3个重复,在试验结束时进行攻毒,研究饲料维生素C水平对大口黑鲈抵抗病菌感染的影响。结果显示,饲料中添加高浓度维生素C(1 000 mg/kg以上)能显著促进大口黑鲈血清中溶菌酶活力(P<0.05);4 000 mg/kg组能显著促进大口黑鲈血清中超氧化物歧化酶活力(P<0.05);随着饲料中Vc添加水平的提高,大口黑鲈的存活率和免疫保护率均上升。试验证明,Vc作为免疫刺激剂能有效地提高大口黑鲈的非特异性免疫能力,从而提高其抵抗疾病的能力。     

硒和维生素E对牙鲆生长和非特异性免疫力的影响

在基础饲料中分别添加维生素E(VE)(60mg/kg标为e或300mg/kg标为E)和硒(Se)(0mg/kg标为s或2.5mg/kg标为S),制成4种试验饲料(s/e,s/E,S/e,S/E)分别饲喂初始体重为38.5±0.15g的牙鲆70d,观察其对生长性能、肝脏及血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、非特异免疫力以及抗病力的影响。结果表明,饲喂添加高剂量VE的两组饲料(s/E,S/E),牙鲆的特定生长率和吞噬率明显地提高(P0.05)。饲喂添加硒的两组饲料(S/e,S/E),牙鲆血液和肝脏的GSH-Px活性显著升高(P0.05)。70d投喂实验结束后,利用鳗弧菌进行攻毒试验,不添加硒和低剂量VE(s/e)使牙鲆的累积死亡率明显高于其他3组。     

团头鲂 HSP70 cDNA 的克隆、序列分析以及热应激对其 mRNA 表达的影响

采用RT-PCR和cDNA末端快速扩增法(RACE)分离、克隆出团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)肝脏热休克蛋白70(HSP70)基因全长cDNA序列,共2 224 bp,包括135 bp5'非翻译区、1 932 bp阅读框以及157 bp 3'非翻泽区[不包括Poly(A)].阅读框共编码643个氨基酸,分子量计算值为70.53 kD,理论等电点为5.25.该HSP70基因在翻译区不含内含子,符合诱导型HSP70的特征.团头鲂HSP70氨基酸序列中含有HSP70家族的3个签名序列以及细胞质特异性调控基序EEVD等.同源性分析表明,团头鲂HSP70氨基酸序列与斑马鱼等脊椎动物的相似性高达84.0%以上,与无脊椎动物果蝇的相似性也高达73.4%.生物信息学分析显示,团头鲂HSPTO基因所编码的蛋白质以亲水性区域为主,具有丰富的B细胞抗原位点,无信号肽,无跨膜区域,为非分泌型蛋白;同时还含有众多的蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点、N-肉豆蔻酰化位点、酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点和N-糖基化位点,推测其可能在细胞信号转导与调控中发挥重要作用.该蛋白含有2个部分重叠的双向核定位序列,二级结构以α-螺旋和无规卷曲为主,空间结构包括N端ATPase功能域和C端多肽结合功能域.应用实时定量PCR研究高温(34℃)应激对团头鲂HSP70 mRNA表达的影响.结果表明,在热应激过程巾肝脏HSP70 mRNA水平呈先升高后下降的变化趋势,说明该基因的表达受热应激调控,本实验克隆的序列为诱导型HSP70 cDNA.     

饲料维生素C对急性降温后花鲈免疫、抗氧化及抗应激的影响

为研究饲料维生素C(Vc)对急性降温后花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)免疫、抗氧化及抗应激的影响,以含有不同水平Vc (6.85、46.90、88.24、167.43、329.21和658.69 mg/kg)的饲料饲养花鲈56 d后,进行急性降温(从33℃水体转入27℃水体)处理24 h和48 h。结果显示,降温24 h和48 h时,各组血清补体3(C3)水平高于0 h,而补体4(C4)水平低于0 h。饲料Vc在6.85~167.43 mg/kg时,血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)水平随降温时间的增加,在24 h和48 h显著高于0 h (P<0.05);当饲料Vc含量高于167.43 mg/kg时,各时间点IgM差异不显著。血清溶菌酶(LZM)活性在降温48 h后显著低于降温前(P<0.05),而各Vc添加组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量在降温后显著高于降温前,但在降温后随着饲料Vc水平的升高而显著降低(P<0.05)。肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)含量随降温时间的增加,先增加后降低。在各时间点,花鲈肝脏谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量都随着饲料Vc水平的升高而升高。当饲料Vc为6.85 mg/kg时,肝脏血红素氧合酶(HO-1)活性在降温后显著高于降温前(P<0.05);当饲料Vc为88.24~167.43 mg/kg时,肝脏HO-1活性在降温后显著低于降温前(P<0.05)。花鲈血清热休克蛋白(HSP70)水平在降温后显著高于降温前(P<0.05),而当降温时间达到48 h时,各Vc添加组HSP70含量显著低于对照组。研究表明,饲料中适量的Vc (46.90~167.43 mg/kg)能提高花鲈肝脏的抗氧化能力,减轻脂质过氧化水平,缓解花鲈急性降温引起的应激反应。     

亚硒酸钠和酵母硒对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能、抗氧化能力及抗低温应激的影响

本实验旨在研究饲料中添加亚硒酸钠和酵母硒对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能、抗氧化能力及抗低温应激的影响。实验选用初始体质量为(2.12±0.01) g的黄颡鱼幼鱼为研究对象,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,分别投喂含硒0.028 mg/kg (对照组)、0.25 mg/kg (亚硒酸钠)、0.30 mg/kg (酵母硒)和0.52 mg/kg (酵母硒)的实验饲料,记为G0、G1、G2和G3组,养殖56 d。养殖结束后,进行低温应激实验。结果显示,亚硒酸钠和酵母硒的添加对幼鱼的终末均重、增重率、存活率和饲料系数影响不显著。亚硒酸钠和酵母硒显著提高全鱼和肌肉的硒含量,G3组显著高于其他组,G1与G2组全鱼硒含量差异不显著,但G2组肌肉硒含量显著高于G1组。亚硒酸钠和酵母硒显著提高了幼鱼肝脏GPx活性,G1和G2组SOD活性显著高于G0组,G3组与G0组差异不显著。22°C时,各组间血浆总蛋白、胆固醇、甘油三酯和尿素氮含量无显著差异,但G2组血糖含量显著高于G0和G1组,与G3组差异不显著,各组HSP70 mRNA表达量无显著差异。13°C时,各组黄颡鱼血浆总蛋白、胆固醇含量无显著差异,但G1组甘油三酯含量显著高于G0和G3组,与G2组差异不显著;G2和G3组血糖含量显著高于G0和G1组;G2组血浆尿素氮含量显著低于G1组,与其他组差异不显著;G0组HSP70 mRNA相对表达量显著高于其他组。研究表明,在综合生长性能、全鱼和肌肉硒沉积、肝脏抗氧化能力以及鱼体抗低温应激效果方面,饲料中添加0.30 mg/kg酵母硒效果优于0.25 mg/kg亚硒酸钠。     

The changes in cortisol and expression of immune genes of GIFT tilapia <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oreochromis niloticus</Emphasis> (L.) at different rearing densities under <Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptococcus iniae</Emphasis> infection

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of stocking density on serum cortisol (COR) levels and expression of immune genes in the head kidney of juvenile GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after Streptococcus iniae (S. iniae) infection. Juveniles (2700) were distributed into 30 tanks at five stocking densities (150, 300, 450, 600 and 750 g/m³), and each treatment had six replicates. After a 45-day feeding trial, a S. iniae challenge study was conducted for 96 h. Differences in mortality, serum COR and gene expression of C-type lysozyme, heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were analyzed. The levels of serum COR at all infected treatments were significantly higher compared with the levels of pre-infection (P < 0.05). At 96 h post-infection, serum COR levels of high stocking densities (600 and 750 g/m³) were significantly higher than those of low-density groups (P < 0.05); the mRNA levels of C-type lysozyme, HSP70, IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ were significantly lower in tilapia reared at 600 g/m³ group than in those reared at 300 g/m³ group (P < 0.05). Fish reared in high-density treatments (600 and 750 g/m³) exhibited significantly higher post-challenge mortality (43.3 and 40.0 %) at 96 h following S. iniae infection, and it was significantly higher than other groups (P < 0.05). The data suggest that when living in high stocking density, GIFT tilapia showed decrease in immune capability, together with increased serum COR and susceptibility to S. iniae.     

Effect of enrofloxacin and emodin on heat-shock proteins’ expression in hepatic cells of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

The aim of the present study was to compare the expression pattern of heat-shock protein 60 (HSP60), 70 (HSP70), and 90 (HSP90) mRNA in hepatic cells of grass carp exposed to enrofloxacin and emodin concentrations. The expression pattern of different genes encoding heat-shock proteins in hepatic cells of grass carp was exposed to graded levels of enrofloxacin (12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml) or emodin (0.04, 0.2, 1, 5, and 25 μg/ml) for 24 h and were investigated by real-time quantitative PCR. When cells were exposed to up 50 μg/ml enrofloxacin, both HSP60 and HSP70 mRNA levels firstly were increased and thereafter significantly dropped at high concentrations (P < 0.05), while HSP90 decreased with increasing enrofloxacin concentration. Besides, HSP60 and HSP70 expressions were significantly inhibited in the high-concentration groups. In addition, the HSP90 mRNA levels in the treatment exposed to 100 and 200 μg/ml enrofloxacin were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, when cells were exposed to graded levels of emodin, HSPs (HSP60, 70, and 90) mRNA levels significantly increased in the groups exposed to 5 and 25 μg/ml of emodin. The different expression pattern of HSPs implied that enrofloxacin could inhibit the expression levels of HSPs, while optimal level of emodin could trigger higher expression levels of HSPs in hepatic cell of grass carp to protect against further damage.     

3种品系尼罗罗非鱼生长及高密度胁迫后生理响应变化的比较

以‘吉富’、‘新吉富’、‘埃及尼罗’3种不同品系尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)为研究对象, 通过不同品系之间生长与高密度胁迫反应的比较, 探讨3种尼罗罗非鱼的生长特点与应激后生理响应的变化规律。将初始规格基本一致的3种品系尼罗罗非鱼饲养100 d后, 吉富罗非鱼特定生长率最高, 新吉富其次, 两者间无显著差异(P>0.05), 埃及尼罗罗非鱼特定生长率显著低于吉富罗非鱼(P<0.05)。吉富与新吉富罗非鱼的内脏比显著高于埃及尼罗(P<0.05); 3种尼罗罗非鱼的肥满度之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。养殖实验结束后, 进行48 h的急性高密度(100 g/L)应激实验。应激48 h内, 吉富与新吉富罗非鱼血清总蛋白、葡萄糖、谷草转氨酶、胆固醇与溶菌酶活力/水平以及肝HSP70mRNA水平呈先上升后下降的变化。应激48 h后, 埃及尼罗罗非鱼血清皮质醇水平与应激前相比无显著差异(P>0.05), 吉富与新吉富罗非鱼的皮质醇水平显著高于应激前(P<0.05); 埃及尼罗罗非鱼血清溶菌酶活力与肝HSP70 mRNA水平在应激后48 h内始终高于应激前(P<0.05)。研究结果表明, 短期高密度胁迫可提高3种尼罗罗非鱼血清葡萄糖与甘油三酯的利用, 并诱发肝损伤。埃及尼罗罗非鱼的抗高密度应激能力高于吉富和新吉富罗非鱼。

     

日粮添加酵母硒和茶多酚对团头鲂幼鱼肝抗氧化酶活性及其基因表达的影响

酵母硒和茶多酚都是优质的天然抗氧化剂。酵母硒作为有机硒源,兼有抗氧化和免疫增强的双重功效。茶多酚是茶叶中多酚类物质的总称,具有清除体内自由基、抗菌消炎和免疫调节等多种功效。为探讨酵母硒和茶多酚及其配伍对团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)组织硒沉积量,肝中抗氧化酶活性及其基因m RNA表达的影响,本试验采用二因素三水平设计,在团头鲂幼鱼基础饲料中分别添加酵母硒(按硒计)3个水平(分别为0,0.25 mg/kg,0.50 mg/kg),茶多酚3个水平(分别为0,50 mg/kg,100 mg/kg),进行排列组合后得到9组日粮。选用体重为(1.75±0.01)g团头鲂1 350尾,随机分为9组,每组3个重复,每个重复50尾,进行为期8周的饲养试验。结果表明:1)日粮中添加酵母硒和茶多酚均能显著提高团头鲂幼鱼的增重率和特定生长率(P0.05),当日粮中硒缺乏时,两者互作效应显著(P0.05);而当硒适量或过量时,两者交互作用不显著(P0.05)。2)日粮中单独添加酵母硒能显著提高团头鲂肌肉和肝中硒含量(P0.01),而茶多酚对组织硒含量无显著影响(P0.05),两者对硒在肝中沉积的交互作用显著(P0.05)。3)酵母硒和茶多酚均能够通过诱导抗氧化酶基因表达来提高机体抗氧化酶性能,不同的是酵母硒主要上调Ma GPx1和Ma Cu/Zn-SOD基因m RNA表达,茶多酚主要上调Ma CAT基因。4)酵母硒和茶多酚具有协同抗氧化作用,两者配伍上调了Ma GPx1基因m RNA表达量(P0.05),对Ma Cu/Zn-SOD和Ma CAT基因表达有促进作用,结果两者配伍显著提高了肝总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)而显著降低肝丙二醛(MDA)含量(P0.05)。综合分析,建议当基础日粮中添加0.50 mg/kg酵母硒和50 mg/kg茶多酚时,即在提高生长指标的同时较好的提高各抗氧化物酶的活性,降低肝中MDA的含量。     

饲料中添加抗菌肽和枯草芽孢杆菌对花鲈生长和非特异性免疫功能的影响

在基础饲料中分别添加300 mg/kg的抗菌肽和200 mg/kg的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),连续投喂花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)60 d,测定其特定生长率、存活率,并分别于试验的20 d、40 d和60 d测定肝胰脏、头肾、鳃的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)以及血清溶菌酶(LSZ)和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活力水平。结果显示:试验组花鲈的特定生长率和存活率与对照组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。抗菌肽组所测组织CAT、SOD以及血清LSZ、NOS活性水平在20 d时均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),40 d时以上指标(头肾SOD除外)与对照组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。枯草芽孢杆菌组所测组织CAT、SOD以及血清LSZ活性水平在20 d时均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),60 d时以上指标(头肾SOD除外)与对照组间差异不显著(P>0.05),而整个过程血清NOS活性水平与对照组不存在显著性差异(P>0.05)。结果表明:两种添加剂可增强机体消除活性氧自由基的能力,提高机体血清溶菌酶活性水平。此外,抗菌肽对花鲈血清一氧化氮合酶系统具有诱导调节作用。     

Anti-stress properties and two HSP70s mRNA expressions of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) fed with all-plant-based diet

The influence of all-plant-based diet on fingerling blunt snout breams (Megalobrama amblycephala) was tested by examining growth performance, anti-stress properties and related gene expression. Healthy fish were randomly divided into triplicate groups per dietary treatment and fed with different formulated diets. The results showed that both weight gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio of all-plant-based diet group were significant higher than those of the control (p < 0.05). In contrast, FCR of all-plant-based diet group was significantly lower than that of the control (p < 0.05). Therefore, all-plant-based diets could not affect the growth performance of blunt snout breams. Compared to the control group, the lysozyme levels in serum and mucus, and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activities in serum and liver decreased significantly (p < 0.05). In contrast, the glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activities in serum and liver increased significantly (p < 0.05). For blunt snout breams fed with all-plant-based diets, the superoxide dismutase activities in mucus, serum and liver as well as catalase activity in serum and liver were decreased significantly (p < 0.05) comparing with that of the control group. But malondialdehyde contents were higher (p < 0.05) in serum and liver than that of control group. The expression of HSC70 mRNA increased significantly (p < 0.05) in blunt snout breams fed with all-plant-based diet, whereas the HSP70 mRNA expression decreased significantly (p < 0.05) when compared with control group. In conclusion, all these results indicated that the application of all-plant-based diet could decrease the anti-stress properties (non-specific immunity, stress resistance and antioxidant ability) and HSP70 mRNA expression in blunt snout breams fingerling. Although all-plant-based diets could not affect the growth performance of blunt snout breams, the application of all-plant-based diet should be discreet in the production practice.     

The effects of hairtail protein hydrolysate–Fe<Superscript>2+</Superscript> complexes on growth and non-specific immune response of red swamp crayfish (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Procambarus clarkii</Emphasis>)

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of prepared hairtail protein hydrolysate–Fe²⁺ (PH–Fe²⁺) complexes on growth and non-specific immune responses of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). The diets with five different levels of PH–Fe²⁺ (200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 mg/kg) were fed to crayfish for 60 days. The results indicated that the survival rate, weight gain percentage, specific growth rate, and muscle index of crayfish with 400–1000 mg/kg of PH–Fe²⁺ feeding were significantly higher, 9.94–10.10, 8.55–8.72, 0.24–0.29 %/day, and 2.39–3.05 %, respectively, than the control values after 60 days of feeding. Additionally, after 30 days of feeding, 200–400 mg/kg of PH–Fe²⁺ showed no significant (P > 0.05) improvement effect on activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), phenoloxidase (PO), lysozyme (LSZ), and acid phosphatase (ACP) in serum or hepatopancreas of crayfish. However, significant improvement effects were observed in 800–1000 mg/kg groups. After 60 days of feeding, 400–600 mg/kg of PH–Fe²⁺ significantly (P < 0.05) improved the activity of SOD and LSZ, but did not affect the activity of PO and ACP significantly (P > 0.05). Moreover, the activities of SOD, PO, LSZ, and ACP in serum and hepatopancreas were all significantly enhanced upon treatment with 800–1000 mg/kg of PH–Fe²⁺. For these reasons, PH–Fe²⁺ can be recommended as a supplement in crayfish feed to increase the growth and immunity.     

饲料中茶多酚的添加量对团头鲂幼鱼生长、饲料利用和抗氧化能力的影响

为研究饲料中添加茶多酚对团头鲂幼鱼生长性能、饲料利用和抗氧化能力的影响，选取240尾初始体重为(3.5±1.0) g的团头鲂幼鱼，随机分为4组，每组3个重复，每个重复20尾。实验配制了茶多酚添加量分别为0 (对照组)、100、300和500 mg/kg的等氮等能饲料，饲喂团头鲂幼鱼8周后测定鱼体生长性能、肌肉组成、血液生化指标和肝肠抗氧化指标。结果显示，摄食300 mg/kg茶多酚组的增重率(WGR)相较于对照组显著提高，蛋白质效率(PER)显著高于低添加量组，饲料系数(FCR)显著降低。500 mg/kg茶多酚显著降低了鱼体肌肉粗脂肪含量。茶多酚的添加显著降低了血浆葡萄糖(GLU)含量，且300和500 mg/kg茶多酚添加组团头鲂肝肠丙二醛(MDA)含量均显著低于无添加组。100和300mg/kg茶多酚添加组鱼体肝肠组织中还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量显著高于对照组。此外，300 mg/kg茶多酚添加组鱼体肝脏的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSHPx)活性也显著高于对照组。养殖实验结束后，通过腹腔注射浓度为50%的四氯化碳(CCl₄)溶液诱导...