低盐急性胁迫对仿刺参相关生理指标的影响

通过模拟仿刺参养殖池塘雨季的盐度变化,选用2龄仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)为研究对象,刺参体重(16.93±3.08)g,研究盐度骤降及胁迫恢复对仿刺参体腔液相关生理指标的影响。盐度先由30以每6 h变化3个盐度的速度下降至18,然后在盐度18保持96 h,随后盐度以相同速度上升恢复至30,并保持24 h。结果显示,各盐度取样点间仿刺参体腔液渗透压、体腔液总蛋白浓度、Na+、K+、Cl–浓度与盐度的变化趋势一致,Na+、K+、Cl–浓度均在盐度下降到18时达到最低值,分别为(131.15±14.42)mmol/L,(6.08±0.24)mmol/L和(141.76±2.13)mmol/L;而Ca2+浓度一直呈上升趋势。体腔液中Na+-K+-ATP酶活力在盐度18并保持4 d后显著高于其他组(P0.05),盐度对其体腔液中Na+-K+-ATP酶活力的影响与体腔液渗透压变化趋势不一致。盐度胁迫对谷丙转氨酶活力无显著影响。结果表明,盐度胁迫对仿刺参渗透调节能力有显著影响,实验中体腔液渗透压与体腔液Na+、K+、Cl–浓度有一定的相关性。盐度胁迫对仿刺参的呼吸代谢产生的影响不显著。研究结果为丰富仿刺参适应环境盐度的机制提供基础资料,为进一步了解盐度胁迫下刺参的生理生态学特征以及今后的刺参增养殖生产提供参考。     

史氏鲟精子超低温冷冻保存研究

比较了史氏鲟精子在3种不同配比浓度稀释液的保存效果。试验结果表明,配方Ⅲ作为稀释液,8%甲醇作为抗冻剂,二步法超低温(-196℃)冷冻保存,5h后取出,38℃水浴解冻取得最好的冻后激活率,解冻后激活率为(52.3±3.5)%。解冻精子分别采用井水和激活液D(10mmol/L Tris+10mmol/L NaCl+25mmol/L Glu,pH 8.0)激活,进行人工授精。结果显示配方Ⅲ冻精采用激活液D激活授精获得最高受精率为68.56%,最高孵化率为52.91%。本次试验表明,1～2mmol/L范围内,低浓度K+比高浓度K+对史氏鲟精子保存有利;52～82mosmol/kg范围内,高渗稀释液有利于史氏鲟精子的保存;且激活授精方法是影响冻精受精率和孵化率的关键因素之一。     

鸭绿沙塘鳢精子生理学特征

为探究鸭绿沙塘鳢(Odontobutis yaluensis)精子生理学特征, 提高精子活力, 测定了其精液浓度、精子密度、 pH 和精子活力, 以精子激活率(activation rate, AR)、快速运动时间(fast movement time, FT)以及精子寿命(life time, LT)作为评价精子活力的指标, 检测了水温、pH、离子(NaCl、KCl、CaCl₂、MgCl₂)、非离子(葡萄糖、Tris、甘油)、 碱度(NaHCO₃)共 10 种单因子条件下的精子活力, 并在此基础上进行 17 组复合因子精子激活液的筛选。结果表明, 鸭绿沙塘鳢精巢前段精子活力、精子密度、精液浓度均高于中后段, 精巢整体精子密度(1.83±0.03)×10⁹ 个/mL, 精液浓度 23.10%, pH 6.9±0.1。单因子精子激活液中, 鸭绿沙塘鳢在水温 20 ℃、pH 6.0、NaCl 68 mmo/L、 KCl 54 mmol/L、CaCl₂ 27 mmol/L、葡萄糖 28 mmol/L、甘油 65 mmol/L 条件下精子 AR, FT 和 LT 均最高, 在 MgCl₂ 11 mmol/L、Tris 4 mmol/L 激活液中精子激活率最高。复合因子精子激活液中, 精子在 KCl 40 mmol/L、甘油 33 mmol/L、Tris 4 mmol/L 条件下 AR, FT 和 LT 均最高, 精子活力最高。综上所述, 在进行鸭绿沙塘鳢人工授精时, 可直接使用精巢前段(生精部), 同时应用复合因子精子激活液(KCl 40 mmol/L、甘油 33 mmol/L、Tris 4 mmol/L)提高精子活力。     

盐度对瘤背石磺不同部位Na /K -ATP酶活性、围心腔液和腹腔液渗透压及离子含量的影响

为了研究盐度对瘤背石磺不同部位Na+/K+-ATP酶活性、围心腔液和腹腔液渗透压及离子含量(Na+、K+和Cl-)的影响,选取健康的瘤背石磺[湿重(10.24±2.16)g]600只,在不同盐度条件下(5、15、25、35和45)采用模拟生态环境的方式饲养30 d后测定各项指标.结果显示:(1)瘤背石磺腹腔液和围心腔液的盐度和渗透压均随着环境盐度的升高而增高,腹腔液的盐度和渗透压的变动幅度分别为25～ 43和514 ～ 796 mOsm/kg,其增高幅度均大于围心腔液(分别为23 ～ 28和502～ 726 mOsm/kg)；(2)围心腔液中Na+、Cl-和K+含量随环境盐度的变化具有一致性,均呈先上升后下降的趋势,且各离子浓度均在盐度25时达到最大值,分别为295.50、322.50和5.15 mmol/L,但盐度对Na+和Cl-含量有显著影响,对K+含量无显著影响.(3)瘤背石磺不同部位的Na +/K+-ATP酶活性具有组织特异性,贲门胃、肠、表皮、肌肉和围心腔膜等部位的Na +/K+-ATP酶活性较高,同时,盐度激活不同部位的Na +/K+-ATP酶活性具有显著差异性,肌肉和贲门胃的Na +/K+-ATP酶在低盐度时活性较高,而肠、肾及围心腔膜等在高盐度时Na+/K+-ATP酶被激活,酶活性较高.研究表明:盐度能显著影响瘤背石磺腹腔液和围心腔液的渗透压和离子浓度以及各器官的Na+/K+-ATP酶活性,贲门胃、肠和肌肉等均是其离子转运和渗透调节的主要部位,具有较强的渗透压调节能力.     

三种鳅科鱼对NaCl盐度和NaHCO3碱度的耐受能力

以鳅科的黑龙江泥鳅(Misgurnus mohoity Dybowsky)、大鳞副泥鳅(Paramisgurnus dabryanus Sauvage)、达里湖高原鳅(Triplophysa dalaica)为实验材料,采用单因子静态急性毒性实验法和均匀正交设计法对其盐碱耐受能力进行研究。实验结果表明,黑龙江泥鳅、大鳞副泥鳅、达里湖高原鳅的24 h和96 h的氯化钠(Na Cl)盐度半致死浓度(LC50)分别为15.64 g/L和13.58 g/L、15.43 g/L和14.18 g/L、14.00 g/L和11.57 g/L,安全浓度(SC)分别为4.12 g/L、4.03 g/L、3.74 g/L,盐度耐受能力顺序为:黑龙江泥鳅大鳞副泥鳅达里湖高原鳅。黑龙江泥鳅、大鳞副泥鳅、达里湖高原鳅的24 h和96 h碳酸氢钠(NaHCO_3)碱度半致死浓度(LC50)分别为117.1 mmol/L和72.62 mmol/L、128.4 mmol/L和88.83 mmol/L、155.2 mmol/L和120.0 mmol/L,安全浓度分别为18.77 mmol/L、23.66 mmol/L、36.30 mmol/L,碱度耐受能力顺序为:达里湖高原鳅大鳞副泥鳅黑龙江泥鳅。盐碱交互作用对黑龙江泥鳅、大鳞副泥鳅均表现为协同作用,协同系数0~48 h依次增高,以后逐渐减小;而对达里湖高原鳅在0~48 h内表现为协同作用,在48~96 h时表现为拮抗作用,拮抗系数随着暴露时间的延长而增大。对比分析可知,3种鳅科鱼的盐碱耐受能力比大多数淡水鱼高,可作为盐碱水域的增养殖鱼类;而达里湖高原鳅在耐碱方面表现更突出,可以作为高碳酸盐型盐碱水的增养殖鱼类。     

运输密度和盐度对大黄鱼幼鱼皮质醇、糖元及乳酸含量的影响

为了确定大黄鱼运输的适宜条件,实验选取平均体质量为(0.12±0.03)g的大黄鱼幼鱼为实验对象,采取析因设计,设3个运输密度(2、4和8 g/L)和5个运输盐度(5、10、15、20和25),共计15个处理组研究了不同密度和盐度运输条件下,大黄鱼幼鱼皮质醇、糖元及乳酸含量的变化。经过水温16.5℃、10 h的运输,统计各组的死亡率,测定各组水中总氨氮含量。结果显示,在运输结束后,4和8 g/L密度组死亡率(1.33%、2.63%)显著高于2 g/L密度组(0.77%),盐度25组死亡率(0.44%)显著低于盐度10、15组(1.94%、1.67%),盐度10、15组死亡率显著低于盐度5组(2.72%),各组水中总氨氮含量较运输前(0.15 mg/L)均显著升高,各密度组水中总氨氮含量均有显著性差异,高密度组总氨氮含量高于低密度组,8 g/L密度条件下盐度5组水中总氨氮含量(1.63 mg/L)显著高于盐度15(1.38 mg/L)、盐度20(1.34 mg/L)和盐度25(1.31 mg/L)组,4 g/L密度条件下盐度5组水中总氨氮含量(1.31mg/L)显著高于其他各盐度组,2 g/L密度条件下盐度5组水中总氨氮含量(0.83 mg/L)显著高于盐度25组(0.49 mg/L);运输胁迫导致各组皮质醇含量均较运输前(6 476.35 ng/L)显著升高,各组间皮质醇含量无显著性差异;各组糖元含量均较运输前(4.37 mg/g prot)显著降低,运输后各组间糖元含量无显著性差异;各组乳酸含量均较运输前(0.57 mmol/g prot)显著升高,运输后各密度组间乳酸含量无显著性差异,3个密度下盐度5组乳酸含量(1.91、2.02、1.76 mmol/g prot)均显著高于盐度20(1.55、1.21、1.69 mmol/g prot)和盐度25组(1.36、1.44、1.26 mmol/g prot),盐度10组乳酸含量(1.77、1.83、1.60 mmol/g prot)显著高于盐度25组(1.36、1.44、1.26 mmol/g prot)。研究表明,较高的运输密度和较低的盐度会加重大黄鱼的应激性反应,在本实验条件下,规格为0.1 g左右的大黄鱼幼鱼,其运输密度不宜超过8g/L,盐度不宜低于5。     

盐度、pH值和碱度对凡纳滨对虾受精卵孵化率的影响

以进口凡纳滨对虾所产的受精卵为材料,在相同孵化水温(29.5℃)、不同盐度(20、25、30、35、40)、不同pH值(7.0、7.5、8.0、8.5、9.0)及不同碱度(2.23 mmol/L、2.79 mmol/L、3.35 mmol/L、3.90mmol/L、4.46 mmol/L)条件下,进行凡纳滨对虾受精卵的孵化试验。试验结果表明:凡纳滨对虾受精率的孵化率与盐度呈密切相关,以海水盐度为30的孵化效果最佳,平均孵化率达到87.7%,盐度低至20或高至40时均不能孵化出无节幼体;凡纳滨对虾受精卵的孵化效果与海水的pH值密切相关,微碱性的海水有利于受精卵的正常发育,孵化率表现较佳,其中以海水pH值8.0的孵化效果最佳,受精卵的平均孵化率为85.85%,海水pH值过低或过高都不利于胚胎的发育,受精卵的孵化率都有不同程度的下降;受精卵的孵化效果与海水碱度的变化没有显著的相关性,在2.23～4.46 mmol/L的碱度范围内,受精卵的平均孵化率介于85.35%到85.95%之间,各碱度梯度组之间的孵化率无显著差异。     

达里湖鲫对盐度和碱度突变和渐变的耐受性

研究了达里湖鲫(Carassius auratus Linnaeus))幼鱼在盐度、碱度突变和渐变条件下的耐受性,并对在不同盐度和碱度浓度下的累计存活率、生存上限进行比较分析。研究发现,盐度突变条件下24、48、72和96 h的半致死浓度(LC50值)分别为11.795、11.089、10.809和10.534 g/L;碱度对试验鱼24、48、72和96 h的LC50分别为69.831、68.779、67.071和65.114 mmol/L。渐变条件下达里湖鲫的盐碱耐受能力均强于突变组,其碱度渐变组生存上限为109.2 mmol/L,明显高于突变组的90 mmol/L;盐度渐变组生存上限为15 g/L,与突变组差异不显著。结果表明,通过适当的驯养适应,可以显著提高达里湖鲫对碳酸盐型水质环境的适应能力和养殖的存活率。     

盐度和溶解氧对刺参非特异性免疫酶活性的影响

测定了不同盐度(20、25、30、35、40)和不同溶氧水平(充空气,DO 7~9mg/L)充纯氧,DO15~20mg/L;不充气,DO 2~5mg/L)对刺参体腔液中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、溶菌酶(LZM)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性变化的影响。盐度试验结果表明,盐度急性变化会引起刺参体腔液ACP、AKP、LZM活性的升高和SOD活性降低,其中第10天时盐度对酶活性的影响最大。溶氧试验显示,过饱和溶氧(DO 15~20mg/L)可使刺参体腔液ACP、AKP、LZM、SOD活性维持在较高水平,不充气组(DO 2~5mg/L)刺参体腔液中ACP、AKP、LZM活性出现短暂升高。恢复性试验中,盐度20、25组对AKP活性和盐度20、40组对SOD活性的影响未恢复到初始水平,其余实验组均能恢复至初始水平,说明低盐对刺参免疫力的影响较大。充纯氧组刺参的AKP活性显著高于充空气组,表明高溶解氧水平在一定程度上提高了刺参免疫力。     

NaCl盐度和NaHCO3碱度对大鳞鲃幼鱼生长及鳃组织特征的影响

在水温22~25℃的条件下,研究不同盐度、碱度水体对大鳞(Barbus capito)幼鱼生长、摄食和鳃组织的影鲃响,探索了幼鱼生长的最适条件.单因素盐度梯度值设置为0(对照组)、2.0、4.0、6.1、7.8、10.0和11.9,实验结果表明,当盐度高于6.1时,大鳞幼鱼的体长和体质量受到显著影响(P<0.05);盐度2.0时幼鱼的终末体质量值最鲃大;盐度4.0时体质量特定增长率和饵料转化效率最高,盐度11.9时均降至最低;盐度到达7.8时对幼鱼生长有抑制作用,依据理论公式推算,幼鱼的最适生长盐度应为1.88.单因素碱度梯度值为10.00、15.83、25.10、39.80和63.12 mmol/L,碱度高于25.10 mmol/L时对幼鱼的体质量、饵料转化效率及总摄食量均有显著影响(P<0.05);碱度15.83 mmol/L时幼鱼的终末体质量、体质量生长率和饵料转化效率值最高,碱度63.12 mmol/L时最低.碱度到达39.80 mmol/L时对幼鱼生长有抑制作用,依据理论公式推算,幼鱼的最适生长碱度为20.57 mmol/L.从鳃组织的显微结构观察结果来看,随着盐度和碱度的升高,鳃小片上皮细胞出现肿胀、脱落和坏死的现象,泌氯细胞的体积膨胀,从而影响了幼鱼的生长.综上所述,大鳞幼鱼期,养殖盐度不宜超过6.1,碱度不超过25.10 mmol/L.鲃     

不同浓度的K~+、Ca~(2+)和葡萄糖对乌原鲤精子活力的影响

通过观察精子的快速运动时间和寿命,研究了不同浓度梯度的K+、Ca2+和葡萄糖溶液对乌原鲤精子活力的影响。结果表明:不同浓度的K+、Ca2+和葡萄糖溶液对乌原鲤精子运动的诱导效果不同。3种溶液最适于乌原鲤精子运动的浓度分别为:K+100 mmol/L;Ca2+37.8 mmol/L;葡萄糖125mmol/L,且在这3种溶液低浓度时精子活力较强,超过一定浓度精子的运动开始被抑制。     

铜(Cu~(2+))对麦穗鱼苗的急性毒性与非生物因子的相关性研究

研究了不同温度、pH值和碱度条件下铜离子对麦穗鱼苗的急性毒性,结果表明:随水温升高,铜(Cu2+)对鱼苗的急性毒性明显加剧,温度为20℃、26℃、32℃时,96 h的LC50分别为0.035 mg/L、0.024 mg/L、0.018 mg/L;而铜(Cu2+)的急性毒性与pH值和碱度的相关性较复杂,低pH值、低碱度时,铜(Cu2+)的急性毒性相对较弱,但当pH值和碱度上升到一定数值后,铜(Cu2+)的急性毒性随着pH值和碱度的升高而加剧。pH值为6.7、7.5、8.8时,96h的LC50分别为0.022 mg/L、0.027mg/L、0.026 mg/L。碱度为0.79 mmol/L、1.30 mmol/L和1.65 mmol/L时,96 h的LC50分别为0.027 mg/L、0.075 mg/L、0.049 mg/L。鱼苗急性中毒表现为:体表分泌粘液增多,眼球突出,脑颅、鳃部充血,肝脏、肠道淤血。     

The Effects of Osmolality, Cryoprotectant and Equilibration Time on Striped Bass Morone saxatilis Sperm Motility

Four experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of osmolality, cryoprotectant, and equilibration time on striped bass sperm motility. In the first experiment, solutions of NaCI or KCI with osmolalities ranging from 0 to 700 mmol/kg were tested on sperm activation. Over 60% of the sperm were activated by isotonic NaCI and KCI solutions with a treatment osmolality of 350 mmol/kg. Sperm remained motile until osmolality increased to 600 mmol/ kg. In the second and third experiments, Extenders 1, 2 and 3 with osmolalities of 350, 500, and 600 mmol/kg, respectively, were tested. Sperm samples stored in Extender 2 showed significantly higher ( P 0.01) sperm motility after 10 min of exposure as well as greater ( P < 0.01) post-thaw motility when compared to samples stored in Extenders 1 and 3. In the fourth experiment, two trials were carried out to evaluate the effects of cryoprotectant and equilibration time. In the first trial, methanol with a concentration of 5% and 10% yielded the highest ( P < 0.05) sperm motility prior to freezing at all equilibration times examined. However, 5% DMSO yielded the highest ( P < 0.01) post-thaw motility (38 ± 3.6%). DMSO with concentrations of 10% and 15% resulted in 17 ± 2.3% and 6 ± 1.0% post-thaw motility, respectively. Both methanol and DMA, at all concentrations tested, resulted in less than 10% post-thaw motility. In the second trial, four DMSO concentrations with three different equilibration times were examined. We observed a significant ( P < 0.001) interaction effect between DMSO concentration and equilibration time. Post-thaw motility was significantly greater ( P < 0.01) with a concentration of 5% DMSO at all equilibration times examined, compared to 1.25, 2.5, and 10% DMSO. An average post-thaw motility of 40 ± 2.9% was achieved after 10 min equilibration using 5% DMSO.     

Effect of age on the mercury sensitivity of zebrafish (Danio rerio) sperm

The effect of age on the sensitivity of zebrafish sperm against mercury exposure was investigated in the present study. Although results of the use of sperm from mature individuals for toxicity tests have been published, there is no information about the exact age of the fish in some cases, which can affect the results. During the experiments, pooled sperm was stripped from males of 7, 12, or 18 months of age, divided into 5 sub-groups, diluted with different concentrations of Hg (0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 mg/L Hg), and incubated for 240 min. The motility parameters of sperm (progressive motility (%), curvilinear velocity (VCL)) were measured by a computer-assisted sperm analysis system, at 30, 120, and 240 min of exposure. Regarding the age, significant differences were found in PMOT (p?=?0.0267) as well as in VCL (p?=?0.0004) among the three different age groups. The different concentrations of Hg also caused significant differences. The most significant differences in PMOT were between the 7- and 18-month-old groups; these differences were observed at 0.5, 1 and 2.5 mg/L Hg at 30 min, at 0.5 and 1 mg/L at 120 min, as well as at 0.5 mg/L at 240 min. In VCL the most significant differences were found between the 7- and 12-month-old groups; significant differences were found at each tested concentration at 30 min as well as at 0.5 and 2.5 mg/L at 240 min. According to the results, the age of zebrafish negatively influences the sensitivity of its sperm. This may concern not only toxicology tests but many techniques in fish breeding where the sperm is treated before use (cryopreservation, pressure shock, etc.).

     

Application of Computer‐assisted Sperm Analysis in Selecting the Suitable Solution for Common Carp,Cyprinus carpio L., Sperm Motility

The common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., sperm motility parameters were analyzed by using computer‐assisted sperm analysis system. The percentage of motile sperm (MOT, %), progressively motile sperm (PRG, %), curvilinear velocity (VCL, µm/sec), average path velocity (VAP, µm/sec), the wobbling index (WOB, %), movement linearity (LIN, %), beat cross frequency (BCF, Hz), and amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH, µm) were determined. Five activation solutions (As) were used to activate sperm movement. As 1 solution: 68 mM NaCl, 50 mM urea, 0.5% bovine serum albumin (BSA), pH: 7.7, 181 mOsm/kg; As 2 buffer: 100 mM NaCl, 10 mM Tris, 0.5% BSA, pH: 9.0, 199 mOsm/kg; As 3 solution: 86 mM NaCl, 0.5% BSA, pH: 7.4, 167 mOsm/kg; As 4 buffer: 5 mM KCl, 45 mM NaCl, 30 mM Tris, 0.5%, pH: 8.0, 160 mOsm/kg; and As 5 solution: distilled water with the addition of 0.5% BSA, pH: 7.3, <3 mOsm/kg. Among five tested solutions, a buffer with a pH of 9.0 and osmolality of approximately 200 mOsm/kg (As 2) was the most suitable. After its activation, a significant increase in MOT and ALH values was observed, which can be of importance to the effectiveness of egg fertilization .     

温度、流速对恩诺沙星在虹鳟体内吸收、分布的影响

环境因素会对药物在动物机体内的代谢产生不同的影响,为研究温度和水流速度对药物在虹鳟体内药物代谢的影响,以虹鳟为实验对象,设置3个温度(5、10、15°C)和流速(8、16、24 cm/s),水温由自动循环水族缸的控温系统调控,流速由鱼类生态测量仪调控,高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测组织中恩诺沙星含量。结果发现,在5、10、15°C时,血浆T_(max)分别是8.67、4.78、2.39 h;T_(1/2α)分别是0.86、0.80、0.77 h;T_(1/2β)分别是49.18、45.81、38.35 h;AUC分别是140.49、130.40、112.78μg/(L·h)。实验温度下,表现为温度升高会加快药物的吸收和分布,即吸收分布速率增大,达峰时间缩短。在8、16、24 m/s 3个实验流速下,血浆T_(max)分别是8.57、6.03、4.04 h;T_(1/2α)分别是5.47、2.16、0.27 h;T_(1/2β)分别是26.54、6.93、2.13 h;T_(1/2ka)分别是7.68、5.00、2.01 h。实验流速下,表现为流速增大会加快药物的吸收和分布,即吸收分布速率增大,达峰时间缩短。研究表明,在一定范围内温度的升高及水流速度的增加会加速恩诺沙星在虹鳟体内的吸收与分布。     

Initiation of carp spermatozoa motility and early ATP reduction after milt contamination by urine

Fish sperm collected by stripping males is frequently contaminated by urine. In this study, carp milt mixed with urine (0.5–7.5% of volume) was studied in order to evaluate the changes of some motility parameters (percentage of motile spermatozoa, velocity and beat frequency) and the ATP content of spermatozoa. In the absence of urine contamination, spermatozoa had an ATP content in the range of 8–9 nmol/10⁸ spermatozoa, an initial velocity of 100–160 μm s⁻¹ and a flagellar beat frequency around 30–50 Hz, 10 s after a 1/2000 dilution in an activating medium (45 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 30 mM Tris–HCl, pH 8.0, osmolality <160 mosM kg⁻¹). In contrast, when milt was contaminated with 7.5% of urine for 1 h, the ATP content was 4–5 nmol/10⁸ spermatozoa and most spermatozoa had low initial velocity (30–100 μm s⁻¹) and flagellar beat frequency (10–30 Hz). It appears that the low osmolality of urine was responsible for the degradation in the quality of carp spermatozoa by an early activation in the collecting tube which induced an early reduction of the intracellular ATP store. From a practical point of view, milt contamination by urine during stripping can be avoided by first pressing the abdomen before sampling and then collecting the remaining urine by means of a catheter introduced into the urinary bladder.     

日本黄姑鱼精子生理特性及超低温冷冻保存研究

对日本黄姑鱼精子部分生理特性及其超低温冷冻保存技术进行了研究。结果表明,日本黄姑鱼精液pH值为7.0~7.5,精子密度为(11.23±2.78)×109/m l,精子寿命(229.33±17.16)s。在盐度为30~35,pH为7.5~8.5时,精子的活力最高,分别达到(88.33±2.89)%和(88±4.33)%。精子在室温(25℃)条件下,可存活24 h;在低温(4℃)条件下可以存活36 h。以D液作为稀释液,20%的乙二醇作为抗冻剂,利用快速降温法对精子进行超低温冷冻保存,38℃水浴快速解冻,解冻后的精子获得最高的活力为(47±5.78)%。