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1.
澳大利亚红螯螯虾养殖发展趋势初析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
澳大利亚红螯螯虾养殖发展趋势初析红螯螯虾,它是目前世界上淡水螯虾中最优良的品种。最近几年在它的原产地澳大利亚得到迅速发展。86年澳还成立研究所,对螯虾所属品种进行系统研究,目前已筛选出较为理想的三个养殖品种即:红螯螯虾、马朗虾、亚比。其中以红螯螯虾最...  相似文献   

2.
红螯螯虾主要病害的研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
红螯螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus )属甲壳纲、十足目、长尾亚目、拟螯虾科、光壳虾属,原产地澳大利亚,具有个体大、生长快、食性杂、易饲养等养殖优势;同时,因其肉味鲜美、富含低胆固醇蛋白质,是目前世界上较名贵的淡水经济虾之一.目前,美国、拉丁美洲、西班牙、南非、东南亚、中国等许多国家引进了此虾,进行工厂化育苗及养殖.我国于1992年引入该种,先后在广东、湖北、福建、江苏、山东、北京等地试养,取得了初步的成功,并在繁殖生物学、自然水温育苗、室内工厂化育苗等方面进行了研究.但随着红螯螯虾养殖业的发展,疾病也逐渐增多.笔者就国内外近几年对红螯螯虾病害方面的研究情况进行概述.  相似文献   

3.
红螯螯虾在我省的引进试养及其发展前景顾志敏,许谷星,宓国强,刘启文(浙江省淡水水产研究所)红螯螯虾(CheraxQuadricarinatusVonMatens),在台湾称四脊滑螯虾,国内俗称澳州龙虾或淡水龙虾,其分类属甲壳纲、十足目、长尾亚目、拟河...  相似文献   

4.
澳大利亚红螯螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)国内也有人称为澳洲龙虾、红爪龙虾或淡水龙虾,台湾省译为四脊滑龙虾,产于澳大利亚北部。隶属甲壳纲、十足目、长尾亚目、拟河虾科、光壳虾属。此虾个体大、适应环境能力强(终身生活在淡水中)、食性广、能进行高密度养殖。红螯螯虾味道鲜美,营养丰富,深受人们喜爱。发展红螯螯虾养殖前景广阔。  相似文献   

5.
楼丹  邬勇杰 《内陆水产》1999,24(8):22-22
红螯螯虾属拟螯虾科,光壳虾属,俗称淡水龙虾,原产澳大利亚北部,个体大,生长快,食性杂,为热带淡水虾类。我国自90年代初开始引进。1998年我们进行了水泥池人工繁殖试验,初获成功,现总结如下。1条件与方法1.1亲虾培育选留上年养成的成虾作繁殖之用。选择...  相似文献   

6.
红螫螯虾(Cheraxquadricarinatusvenmartens)属拟螯虾科,光壳虾属,俗称淡水龙虾。原生长于澳大利亚北部,为热带淡水虾类。我国自90年代初开始引进,其有别于其它螫虾的最大特征是头胸甲前部有4条隆脊,2条位于额剑突侧沿,2条位于左右眼眶后缘。1繁殖技术1.1繁殖习性红螯螯虾个体在30g左右即达性成熟,水温在20℃以上就开始交配产卵,在繁殖季节内可多次抱卵孵化。体重50g亲虾抱卵量约300粒。卵粒形似粟,位于腹肢基部,共8束,每束约40粒。随着卵粒的胚胎发育,其颜色从奶黄色…  相似文献   

7.
红螯螯虾的生物学特性及养殖技术   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
红螯螯虾又称淡水龙虾 ,原产于澳大利亚北部的热带地区 ,属甲壳纲、十足目、长尾亚目、拟河虾科 ,是我国新引进的淡水大型虾类之一。其具有个体大 ,食性广、生长快、肉味鲜美 ,可食率高、适应能力强等优点 ,是一种具有推广价值的优良品种。我们于1997年从澳大亚利引进了红螯螯虾原种 ,进行了生物学方面研究及养殖试验 ,并将此列入山东省良种产业化开发项目。通过几年的细致研究 ,掌握了其生物学特性及养殖技术 ,为普及该虾在我国的养殖 ,现将有关方面的内容报道如下 :1生物学特性1.1形态特征红螯螯虾体色为褐绿色 ,头胸部与腹部连接…  相似文献   

8.
红螯螯虾的国内外养殖情况及其发展前景   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
红螯螯虾(CheranquadricariatuwVonMatens)俗称澳州龙虾,但真正的定名尚无权威广泛的确定,其分类属甲壳纲、十足目、长尾亚目、拟河虾科、河虾属,因其外形酷似海中龙虾又只生活在淡水中,故而又称淡水龙虾。红螯螯虾分布于澳大利亚北部的热带地区和新几内亚南部的溪流中,因栖息之地较为偏远而鲜为人知,直到九十年代初才被选为优良养殖品种开始广泛受到注意。国内于1992年广东珠海首先引进该种进行试养,之后又有不少省市也加入引种行列,1993年我所在浙江省率先从澳大利亚引进原种进行试养及人工繁殖试验,获得了成功。1红整整虾在…  相似文献   

9.
陈晓  姜绍贤 《齐鲁渔业》2004,21(8):51-52
四、淡水红螯螯虾的养殖技术。(一)虾的饲料。淡水红螯螯虾在生长繁殖中所需的营养物质包括蛋白质、糖类、脂肪、维生素、无机盐等。饵料好,虾生长快,养殖效益好。如饵料的营养成分欠佳,虾不仅生长慢,还会出现营养缺乏性疾病。饵料的品质好坏直接影响养殖效果。  相似文献   

10.
楼丹  邬勇杰 《渔业现代化》1999,(3):20-20,37
红螯螯虾属拟螯虾科,光壳虾属,俗称淡水龙虾。原产澳大利亚北部,个体大,生长快、食性杂。为热带淡水虾类。我国自九十年代初开始引进,其有别于其它螯虾之最大特征是头胸甲前部有4条隆脊,2条位于额剑侧沿,2条位于左右眼眶后缘。1997~1998年我们在浙江鄞县合众养殖场、石矸养鱼场进行了池塘养殖与水泥池保温越冬试验,初获成功。1条件与方法1.1养殖池:土池总面积10.1亩,其中单养5.8亩,4口塘,混养4.3亩,3口塘。池深1~1.5m,四周围栏。1.2放养前准备:清塘、培水、投放栖息物、移养水葫芦等水…  相似文献   

11.
12.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

13.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
16.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

17.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

19.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

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