Antioxidant Properties of Scomber japonicus Hydrolysates Prepared by Enzymatic Hydrolysis

The antioxidant properties of the Pacific chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) muscle protein hydrolysates prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. After enzyme hydrolysis at 50°C for 60 min, more than 80% of the S. japonicus muscle protein was hydrolyzed. The highest 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity (71.69%) occurred in whole muscle protein hydrolysates treated at 50°C for 30 min with Protamex, and the highest 2,2?-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical-scavenging activity (95.39%) was observed in white muscle protein hydrolysates treated at 50°C for 30 min with Neutrase. The highest superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity (32.84%) was recorded in white muscle protein hydrolysates treated at 50°C for 120 min with Protamex. Changes in the molecular weight distribution of S. japonicus muscle proteins after enzymatic hydrolysis were observed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). A robust and a convenient enzyme hydrolysis technique for obtaining S. japonicus muscle protein hydrolysates with useful biological activities, within a short time (<2 h) is proposed.     

不同蛋白水解物对花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)生长性能及非特异性免疫的影响

实验以基础饲料组[含30％鱼粉蛋白(FM)]为对照组,用鱼蛋白水解物(FPH)、猪血蛋白水解物(PBPH)、酵母蛋白水解物(YPH)和豆粕蛋白水解物(SPH)分别替代配方中10％的鱼粉蛋白,配制成5组等氮等脂的饲料,喂养初始平均体重为31.99 g的花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)8周,探讨饲料中不同蛋白水解物对花鲈生长、饲料利用、体组成成分及非特异性免疫的影响.结果显示:各处理组实验鱼存活率在97.78％-98.89％之间,没有显著性差异(P＞0.05);FPH组与FM组的末重和特定生长率最高,两者之间没有显著差异(P＞0.05),但显著高于PBPH组、SPH组和YPH组(P＜0.05);FPH组饲料效率高于FM组、PBPH组和YPH组(P＞0.05),且显著高于SPH组(P＜0.05);各实验处理组鲈鱼摄食率没有显著差异(P＞0.05);FPH组蛋白效率比显著高于FM组、PBPH组、SPH组和YPH组(P＜0.05);FPH组、FM组和YPH组的蛋白质沉积率显著高于PBPH组和SPH组(P＜0.05).饲料中添加FPH和YPH会显著增加花鲈肝脏和血清中碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶、超氧化物歧化酶、溶菌酶活性和总抗氧化能力,显著高于FM组、PBPH组和SPH组(P＜0.05).FPH组的花鲈鱼体粗蛋白含量高于FM组和YPH组,但差异不显著(P＞0.05),FPH组显著高于PBPH组和SPH组(P＜0.05).综上所述,4种不同蛋白水解物替代鱼粉后投喂花鲈幼鱼,鱼蛋白水解物效果最好,其次是酵母蛋白水解物、猪血蛋白水解物和豆粕蛋白水解物.     

海洋蛋白酶解制备生物活性肽的研究进展

为了适应极端的海洋生物环境,海洋生物蛋白质无论氨基酸的组成还是氨基酸的序列均与陆地生物蛋白有很大的不同。同时,海洋生物蛋白资源无论在种类和数量上均远远大于陆地蛋白资源,且未得到很好的开发[1]。海洋生物活性肽的制备主要有两条途径:一是从海洋生物中提取其本身固有的     

发病仿刺参细菌的分离鉴定和生长特性的研究

从发病仿刺参中分离到5株菌,分别为痢疾志贺氏菌、有毒威克斯菌、奥斯陆莫拉氏菌、缺陷短波单胞菌和动物溃疡伯杰氏菌.经革兰氏染色和胞外酶活性剂生理生化特性的研究,确定了痢疾志贺氏菌、有毒威克斯菌、奥斯陆莫拉氏菌、缺陷短波单胞菌和动物溃疡伯杰氏菌的最佳生长条件分别是:35 ℃,pH 9,盐质量分数5%;25 ℃,pH 7,盐质量分数5%;25 ℃,pH 7,盐质量分数1%;25 ℃,pH 7,盐质量分数3%;35 ℃,pH 7,盐质量分数3%.能分解淀粉和蛋白,不能分解酯类.     

乌江网箱养殖中患病花鲈的细菌分离与分子鉴定

利用微生物学常用的细菌分离、纯化方法从患病花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)分离出9个菌株,编号分别为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ。对9个菌株的16SrRNA基因序列进行PCR扩增,均得到约600bp的片段。将扩增结果进行测序,结果输入到NCBI(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)中,用BLAST工具对序列进行同源性比对分析。结果表明,Ⅰ为杀鲑气单胞菌,同源性98%;Ⅱ为不动菌属,同源性97%;Ⅲ为肺炎克雷伯氏杆菌,同源性98%;Ⅳ为嗜水气单胞菌,同源性99%;Ⅴ为希瓦氏菌,同源性99%;Ⅵ为腐生葡萄球菌,同源性99%;Ⅶ为枯草芽孢杆菌,同源性99%;Ⅷ为沙雷氏菌属,同源性95%;Ⅸ为杀鲑气单胞菌,同源性97%。     

Estimating and monitoring the stock size of sandfish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arctoscopus japonicus</Emphasis> in the northern Sea of Japan

ABSTRACT:   The stock size of sandfish in the northern Sea of Japan was estimated by a virtual population analysis (VPA) and sensitivity analyses were attempted on the VPA estimate. The stock size estimates were approximately 600–900 million until 1975, but since 1976 they have rapidly decreased. In the sensitivity analyses, the estimates of absolute stock size were not sensitive against the changes in the fishing mortality coefficient for terminal age and the measurement error in catch-at-age. This suggested that the relative stock size remains almost unaffected by the error in the data used in the VPA, if the degree of catch-at-age error and the natural mortality coefficient is correct. The relationships between the biomass estimated by the VPA and the density index from Danish seine fisheries, and between the biomass and the catch per unit effort (CPUE) from the experimental survey using Danish seine nets, were also examined. The density index and the CPUE indicated significant relations with the biomass. Consequently, the CPUE is useful to monitor the relative stock size in a timely manner, and the VPA estimate and the CPUE should be utilized for adjusting the total allowable catch in the multiseasons.     

乌江网箱养殖患病花鲈的细菌分离与分子鉴定

摘 要：利用微生物学常用的细菌分离、纯化方法从病害花鲈分离出9株菌株,编号分别为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ。对9株菌株的16SrRNA基因序列进行PCR扩增,均得到约600bp的片段。将扩增结果进行测序,测序结果输入到NCBI （http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/）中,用BLAST工具对序列进行同源性比对分析。结果表明：Ⅰ为杀鲑气单胞菌,同源性98%;II为不动菌属,同源性97%;III为肺炎克雷伯氏杆菌,同源性98%;IV为嗜水气单胞菌,同源性99%;V为希瓦氏菌,同源性99%;VI为腐生葡萄球菌同源性99%;VII为枯草芽孢杆菌,同源性99%;Ⅷ为沙雷氏菌属,同源性95%;Ⅸ为杀鲑气单胞菌,同源性97%。     

饲料中不同水解蛋白对鲈鱼(Lateolabrax japonicus)幼鱼鱼体及组织脂肪含量的影响

本研究通过8周的摄食生长实验来探讨高植物蛋白饲料中添加不同类型的水解蛋白对鲈鱼(Lateolabrax japonicus)幼鱼(初始平均体重为31.99 g)鱼体及组织脂肪含量的影响.实验设4个等氮等能的饲料处理组,对照组含有30％的鱼粉,通过在对照组饲料基础上分别添加水解猪血蛋白、水解豆粕蛋白和水解酵母蛋白替代10％的鱼粉来获得不同类型的实验组饲料,即水解猪血蛋白组、水解豆粕蛋白组和水解酵母蛋白组.养殖实验在近海浮式网箱中进行,每组饲料投喂3个重复的养殖网箱,每个网箱30尾鱼.实验结果显示,高植物蛋白饲料中水解猪血蛋白、水解豆粕蛋白及水解酵母蛋白并没有对鲈鱼幼鱼的鱼体、肝脏、肌肉和内脏的脂肪含量产生显著影响.但与对照组相比,添加水解酵母蛋白的处理组显著降低了鲈鱼幼鱼的血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量(P＜0.05).水解酵母蛋白替代鱼粉显著提高了鲈鱼幼鱼肌肉中C20:1n-9的含量,而水解豆粕蛋白和水解酵母蛋白显著降低了肌肉中C22:5n-3的含量(P＜0.05).与对照组相比,水解酵母蛋白显著降低了血清中C20:5n-3的含量(P＜0.05).在腹部脂肪组织中,与对照组相比,猪血、豆粕及酵母蛋白水解物替代鱼粉极显著提高了饱和脂肪酸、十八碳及十六碳单不饱和脂肪酸、亚油酸及亚麻酸的含量,而极显著降低了C20:1n-9、C20:4n-6、C22:5n-3和C22:6n-3的含量(P＜0.01).本研究表明,高植物蛋白饲料中猪血、豆粕及酵母蛋白水解物替代10％的饲料鱼粉并未有效调节鲈鱼幼鱼鱼体、肝脏、肌肉及内脏的脂肪累积,但水解酵母蛋白在一定程度上改善了血清甘油三酯和胆固醇的代谢.水解蛋白对鲈鱼幼鱼脂肪酸组成的调节因水解蛋白的类型及鱼体组织类型而异.本研究是国内外首次系统研究不同类型水解蛋白对养殖鱼类脂肪累积的调节作用,对该领域相关研究具有重要借鉴和参考意义.     

花鲈弧菌病病原菌（哈维氏弧菌）的分离与鉴定

1999年4－5月，山东省青岛市胶南海区网箱养殖场花鲈（Lateolabrax japonicus)幼鱼发生暴发性传染病，死亡率达50％。从具有明显症状的病鱼的病灶组织分离到1株优势菌SF－1，经人工感染和从人工感染发病的花鲈再分离的SF－3菌株的再感染试验结果表明，所分离的菌株为此次花钙烂层病的致病菌，经形态、生理生化等64项特征指标鉴定，SF－1和SF－3均为哈维氏弧菌（Vibrio harveyi)。药敏试验结果表明，头孢噻肟，头孢三嗪，头孢孟多，呋喃妥因，氯霉素,氧哌嗪青霉素，磺胺类，复方磺胺、三甲氧苄氨嘧啶，多粘菌素E等10种药物对该菌株有明显的抑制作用。     

刺参凝集素的分离纯化及其性质

为探寻刺参药用价值,探索其抑制肿瘤细胞增殖,促进淋巴细胞转化等生物功能。将刺参(Apotichopusjaponicus)经磷酸盐缓冲溶液抽提,20%~75%硫酸铵分级沉淀,Sephadex G-200分子筛层析,得到刺参凝集素(AJL)。用Sephadex G-200分子筛层析测得其分子量为85 652Da。AJL的含糖量为20.9%。该凝集素可以凝集人的A、B、AB、O型红细胞,且对A型红细胞凝集作用最强,在对兔、鼠、鲤鱼、鸡和人的A、B、AB、O红细胞的凝集作用中,对鸡的凝集作用最强。该凝集素凝集兔红细胞的作用不被D-果糖、D-甘露糖、γ-球蛋白、葡萄糖、蔗糖、甘露聚糖所抑制,而被牛甲状腺球蛋白所抑制,其最小抑制浓度为1.55mg.mL-1。该凝集素凝集兔红细胞的作用不被二价金属离子Ca2 、Mg2 及EDTA所抑制。该凝集素在pH4.0~10.14系列缓冲液中均有活性,其中在pH4.4~7.5范围内血凝活性最高。该凝集活性在90℃加热30min后仍然对红细胞有凝集活性,显示出较高的热稳定性。     

Models for forecasting sandfish catch in the coastal waters off Akita Prefecture and the evaluation of the effect of a 3-year fishery closure

SUMMARY: The sandfish Arctoscopus japonicus in the coastal waters off Akita Prefecture had been landed in amounts of more than 10 000 t continuously from 1963 to 1975. From 1976, however, it began to decrease sharply and fell to only 74 t in 1984. The fishery society of Akita Prefecture closed the fishing from 1 September 1992 to 30 September 1995. Since 1995, the total allowable catch (TAC) allocated in each year has increased. However, the mechanism behind the increment of catch has not been clearly demonstrated. The aim of this study is to elucidate the mechanism behind the increase of catch using catch forecasting models constructed with past water temperature and catch data. The results were as follows: (i) the effect of water temperature in the depth strata 200–300 m, September of year t –1, t –2 and t –3 of station 1 would be important for forecasting the catch in year t; (ii) coastal catch in year t –1 and t –2 would be important for forecasting the catch in year t; (iii) the effect of a fishery closure would be significantly related to the period of the closure and the environmental condition such as water temperature; and (iv) the TAC system would be important for the recovery of stock and to avoid the depletion of abundance.     

刺参一种囊膜病毒的分离及其超微结构观察

利用电镜负染技术检测发病的养殖刺参[Apostichopus japonicus（Selenka）]组织提取液。观察发现，提取液中存在大量病毒样粒子，该病毒粒子近似球形，具有囊膜。囊膜内可见高电子密度的核心结构。完整的病毒粒子直径为80～100nm，囊膜厚6～10nm，核心结构直径35-45nm，呈六边形。应用超薄切片技术对刺参的触手顶部、触手臂、疣足、呼吸树、背肠血管、肠等组织的病毒感染状况进行观察，发现该种病毒粒子大量存在于所检测各组织内。感染细胞超微结构表现为大量细胞器崩解形成空泡结构，并出现“髓袢样”结构等病理变化。根据观测结果，该病毒是一种无包涵体病毒。     

鯷鱼蛋白酶水解物的提取

用枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶（ＡＳ１３９８酶）提取鱼蛋白酶水解物。酶水解条件由正交实验确定，即鱼匀浆用ＡＳ１３９８酶３５０ＩＵ／ｍｌ在４２℃下水解１２ｈ。水解液经活性炭吸附结合β－环糊精掩盖脱去苦味。生产性中试蛋白质回收率７８．８０％，喷雾干燥所得制品产率为１４．９１％。制品呈白色粉末，无苦味；蛋白质含量８８．２６％，必需氨基酸占总氨基酸４３．６１％，氨基酸间比例合理。鱼蛋白酶水解物为优质蛋白质制品。     

Protein Dispersions and Hydrolysates from Shark (Isurus oxyrinchus)

Manually-deboned muscles of shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) were ground and then washed sequentially with water, 0.5% NaCl and 0.5% NaHC0₃ solutions. Washed myofibrillar proteins were dispersed in water and then acidified. Dispersions so obtained were stable to heat treatment at 100°C followed by centrifugation at 5000 x g, as approximately 90% of proteins remained in solution. The acidified dispersions had low solubility in the pH range of 5 to 8, but were highly soluble under other pH conditions. Apparent viscosity of dispersions was dependent on temperature, pH and protein concentration. The amino acid composition and calculated protein efficiency ratio (PER) of washed proteins were similar to that of the original meat; howevcr, over 85% of free amino acids were removed upon aqueous washings of the meat. Hydrolysates obtained via an Alcalase-assisted process from the original shark muscles or washed myofibrillar proteins exhibited unique functional characteristics with respect to their water-holding capacity and emulsifying properties.     

池塘养殖刺参病原菌塔式弧菌的分离与鉴定

||2013年春季,福建漳州地区池塘养殖刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）感染不明病原而患病。病参表现出排脏、身体萎缩、体表溃烂等症状,俗称为腐皮综合征。为确定引起该病的病原菌,从患病刺参病灶部位分离得到1株优势菌FJY001,经回接感染试验,证实所分离的细菌为刺参的病原菌。经形态、生理生化、16S rRNA序列分析和Biolog微生物自动鉴定系统等多项指标鉴定,确定该病原菌为塔式弧菌（Vibrio tubiashii）。     

Characterization of Collagen Enzymatic Hydrolysates Derived from Lizardfish (Synodus fuscus) Scales

Acid soluble collagen was extracted from the scales of lizardfish and characterized with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and amino acid analysis. After 8 h of collagen hydrolysis, hydrolysates had an estimated degree of hydrolysis (DH) from 4 ± 0.05 to 25 ± 0.63% (p < 0.05). All hydrolysates had angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activity. These activity levels showed little change after treatment with gastrointestinal proteases. Results indicated that the lizardfish by-products may be improved by enzymatic treatment with acid-soluble collagen from lizardfish scales.     

低酶水解法提取无苦味鳀鱼水解蛋白

低酶水解法提取无苦味鳀鱼水解蛋白王长云，薛长湖，陈修白（青岛海洋大学水产学院，２６６００３）关键词鳀鱼，水解蛋白，无苦味，低酶水解法ＰＲＥＰＡＲＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＦＩＳＨＮＯＮ－ＢＩＴＴＥＲＨＹＤＲＯＬＹＳＡＴＥＦＲＯＭＡＮＣＨＯＶＹ（ＥＮＧＲＡＵＬＩＳ...     

Autolysis of Anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) Protein: Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties and Nutritional Quality of Resulting Hydrolysates

Protein hydrolysis of underutilized marine organisms is a method to improve added value. In the present article, anchovy protein was autolyzed at pH 8.5 and 50°C. After autolysis processing for 24 h, total nitrogen recovery reached 92.1%. The protein hydrolysates had antioxidant properties on reducing power, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl radical, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. More than 79% of the peptides in the hydrolysates had a molecular weight of lower than 3 kDa. Protein hydrolysates had balanced amino acid compositions, and total content of essential amino acids had no significant difference after hydrolysis. Protein hydrolysates from anchovy autolysis have potential in nutritional and functional foods.