饲料中高水平维生素A对幼建鲤生长、饲料利用及免疫反应的影响

通过对幼建鲤(平均初重11.37±0.55 g)投喂5组不同维生素A水平的饲料(维生素A含量分别是3 969、23 816、39 693、99 233及158 773 IU·k~(-1)),进行70 d的饲养试验以及攻毒(为期15 d)和免疫接种试验(为期24 d),研究饲料中高水平维生素A对幼建鲤生长、饲料利用及免疫反应的影响。结果表明,饲料中过高维生素A显著地降低幼建鲤的体增重、净蛋白沉积率、肝胰脏重量、肠道皱襞高度、脾体指数、血红细胞、白细胞数量、血清溶菌酶活力及用灭活嗜水气单胞菌免疫后17、24 d血清抗体水平(P<0.05);显著提高饲料系数、肝胰脏维生素A含量(P<0.05),而对成活率、摄饵量、头肾体指数、后肾重量、后肾体指数,而用灭活嗜水气单胞菌免疫后0、10 d血清抗体水平影响不显著(P>0.05)。当饲料维生素A含量为158 773 IU·kg~(-1)时,对幼建鲤产生毒性作用。     

转基因大豆对建鲤抗氧化、生化及免疫指标的影响

为评价抗草甘膦转基因大豆对建鲤的饲用安全性，试验以480尾平均体质量(60±10) g的建鲤幼鲤为对象，随机分为4组，分别添加15%和30%经过高温预处理的抗草甘膦转基因大豆制成的试验饲料，以同等添加比例的高温预处理非转基因大豆饲料作为对照，饲养周期为180 d,采用常规方法测定生长指标，采用可见光法、干粉法等测定相关肝胰脏与血液指标。试验结果表明：饲料中添加15%和30%抗草甘膦转基因大豆对建鲤的生长性能、脏器指数和肌肉常规营养组分均未见显著影响(P>0.05),建鲤肝胰脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著升高(P<0.05);饲料中添加30%的抗草甘膦转基因大豆会显著降低肝胰脏过氧化氢酶活性(P<0.05),显著升高丙二醛水平(P<0.05),显著降低建鲤血清中碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.05)。综上，饲料中添加高水平的抗草甘膦转基因大豆会对建鲤的碱性磷酸酶活性产生一定程度的负面影响，而影响建鲤肝胰脏抗氧化能力的根本原因是否为转基因这一因素还需进一步探究。     

饲料中不同维生素A含量对花鲈生长和血清生化指标的影响

以酪蛋白和明胶为蛋白源,鱼油和豆油为脂肪源,糊精为糖源并添加氨基酸混合物配制精制基础饲料,通过向基础饲料中添加维生素A醋酸酯使饲料中的维生素A含量达到0、1 000、2 000、4 000、8 000和16 000 IU/kg(实测含量为245、1 005、1 835、3 781、7 583和15 273 IU/kg),配制出6种等氮等能的实验饲料(饲料1～6).以花鲈为实验对象,在室内流水系统中进行为期9周的生长实验,探讨精制饲料中不同维生素A含量对花鲈生长和血清学生化指标的影响.结果表明:摄食不添加维生素A组(饲料1)饲料的花鲈在养殖后期表现出较高的死亡率,并出现眼球浮肿、膨胀、鳍基充血以及鳃盖扭曲等维生素A缺乏症,而在其他维生素A添加组(饲料2～6)并未出现类似症状.体成分分析表明:饲料中不同维生素A含量会显著增加花鲈体脂肪含量,但对蛋白质和水分的含量没有显著影响.对花鲈血清指标分析表明:饲料添加维生素A含量会显著增加花鲈血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、甘油三酯(TG)和胆固醇(TC)含量,但显著降低丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活力.采用折线模型,当以增重率为评价指标时,花鲈对饲料中维生素A的需求量为1 934.8 IU/kg;当以肝脏维生素A含量为评价指标时,花鲈对饲料中维生素A的需求量为3 546.6 IU/kg.     

不同脂肪条件下添加牛磺酸对鲤生长性能、体成分、肝胰脏生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响

为探索不同脂肪条件下添加牛磺酸对幼鲤生长性能、体成分、肝胰脏生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响,实验在脂肪水平为4.65%和10.22%（高脂水平）的饲料中分别添加0、400、800和1 600 mg/kg的牛磺酸,配制成8种等氮等能实验饲料。以720尾初始体质量为（1.17±0.01）g的健康幼鲤为实验对象,随机分为8组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾实验鱼,分别投喂8种实验饲料,养殖时间为56 d。结果发现,未添加牛磺酸时,4.65%脂肪组幼鲤增重率（WGR）、特定生长率（SGR）和蛋白质效率（PER）显著高于10.22%脂肪组,而FCR显著低于10.22%脂肪组。添加牛磺酸后,4.65%和10.22%脂肪组中幼鲤的WGR、SGR和PER均显著提高,FCR显著降低;且随着牛磺酸添加量的提高,幼鲤WGR、SGR和PER均呈先升高后趋于稳定的变化趋势,且均在牛磺酸添加量为800 mg/kg时最大;FCR则均呈先降低后趋于稳定的变化趋势,均在牛磺酸添加量为800 mg/kg时最小;牛磺酸添加量大于800 mg/kg时,10.22%脂肪组幼鲤WGR、SGR和PER显著高4.65%脂肪组,而FCR则显著低于4.65%脂肪组。幼鲤肝胰脏中总胆固醇及甘油三酯均随牛磺酸添加量的升高而呈逐渐降低的变化趋势,但在4.65%脂肪组中差异不明显,而10.22%脂肪组中差异显著,随着牛磺酸添加量的提高,幼鲤的肥满度均呈先增大后趋于稳定的变化趋势,HSI、VSI则均呈先降低后趋于稳定的变化趋势;幼鲤体组织中粗蛋白质含量呈先升高后趋于稳定的变化趋势,粗脂肪含量呈先降低后趋于稳定的变化趋势;幼鲤肝胰脏中SOD、CAT活性均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,且SOD、CAT活性均在牛磺酸添加量为800 mg/kg时最强;而MDA含量则呈降低的变化趋势,且MDA均在牛磺酸添加量为1 600 mg/kg时最低。研究表明,添加800~1 600 mg/kg牛磺酸可显著提高幼鲤对饲料脂肪的利用率,促进其生长,减少体内的脂肪沉积,改善肌肉品质,提高机体的抗氧化能力。     

维生素C对锦鲤生长性能、非特异性免疫及其组织中维生素C含量的影响

为了研究饲料中添加维生素C对锦鲤生长性能、非特异性免疫及其组织中维生素C含量的影响,设计了0、20、40、80、160、320 mg/kg等6个不同维生素C添加水平,分别投喂锦鲤[初始平均体质量为(10. 21±0. 02) g],进行为期60 d的饲养试验。结果表明:锦鲤增重率随饲料中维生素C添加量的增加而显著升高(P 0. 05),试验组之间锦鲤的特定生长率和成活率差异不显著(P 0. 05);饲料中维生素C添加量对肌肉和肝脏中维生素C的含量均有显著影响(P 0. 05),呈先升高后趋于平稳的趋势,且肝脏中维生素C含量显著高于肌肉中维生素C含量(P 0. 05);饲料中添加维生素C对血清LZM酶活性没有显著影响(P 0. 05),80、160、320 mg/kg组锦鲤血清SOD、CAT和AKP酶活性均显著高于对照组和20 mg/kg试验组(P 0. 05)。研究表明,饲料中添加维生素C可促进锦鲤的生长发育和增强其机体非特异性免疫能力。     

摄食不同饲料幼鲤肝胰脏和肠道蛋白酶活性的研究

采用膨化加工的家禽下脚粉替代不同比例鱼粉配制四组试验饲料，分别饲喂同批孵育的幼鲤（平均体长5．45±0．78cm，体重1．38±0．21g）76天，水温22～25℃，日投喂量占鱼体重5％。实验结束时各组受试鱼肝胰脏、肠道蛋白酶活性和生长测定结果表明：不同试验饲料对幼鲤肝胰脏、肠道蛋白酶活性有一定影响；添加家禽下脚粉各组明显高于鱼粉（对照）组P＜0．05）；幼鲤生长和蛋白质效率与蛋白酶活性显示正相关。     

维生素E对斑点叉尾鮰生长性能和消化酶活性的影响

试验研究了饲料中不同含量维生素E对斑点叉尾鮰生长性能和消化酶活性的影响，并对其机理进行了初步探讨。选取900尾健康的斑点叉尾鮰，平均体重(5.20±0.15)g，随机分成4个处理（I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ处理依次分别添加维生素E 0、50、100和1000IU/kg饲料），每个处理3个重复，每个重复75尾。试验期105d。试验结果表明：在一定添加水平内，维生素E能够显著提高斑点叉尾鮰成活率、特定生长率(SGR)、蛋白质效率和摄饵量(P＜0.01)。当维生素E添加量为到100 IU/kg时，以上四个指标均达到最高，分别为97.78±0.96％，2.99±0.50％，163.71±5.62％和7478.00±62.01 g/尾，均极显著高于维生素E添加量为0 IU/kg组(P＜0.01）；维生素E显著影响斑点叉尾鮰胃肠道和肝胰脏蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性（P＜0.01 or P＜0.05）。当饲料中添加维生素为100IU/kg时，胃蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性最高，分别达29.33±1.66 U•min－1 •mg－1，196.52±17.28 U•min－1 •mg－1，极显著高于维生素Ｅ添加量为0 IU/kg组(P＜0.01）和显著高于维生素Ｅ添加量为1000IU/kg组(P＜0.05）。由本试验结果可以看出，维生素E在一定添加水平内能显著提高斑点叉尾鮰消化酶活性，促进此鱼生长，且其适宜添加量为100 mg／kg。     

维生素C对大口黑鲈生长与非特异性免疫的影响

以不同维生素C水平(添加量分别为0、500、1000、2000和4000mg·kg-1)的5种饲料喂养初始体重为19g左右的大口黑鲈1个月,每个处理50尾鱼,各处理3个重复,研究维生素C对大口黑鲈生长及非特异性免疫的影响。结果显示:饲料中添加维生素C能显著促进大口黑鲈的生长和脾体指数(P<0·05),然而对大口黑鲈的成活率以及肝体指数等不产生影响(P>0·05);饲料中添加维生素C能显著促进大口黑鲈血清中超氧化物歧化酶活力和溶菌酶活力(P<0·05);随着饲料中维生素C添加水平的提高,大口黑鲈肝脏中维生素C的积累量显著升高(P<0·05)。实验证明,Vc作为免疫刺激剂能有效地提高大口黑鲈的生长与非特异性免疫能力。     

维生素E对斑点叉尾鱼回生长性能和消化酶活性的影响

试验研究了饲料中不同含量维生素E对斑点叉尾鱼回生长性能和消化酶活性的影响,并对其机理进行了初步探讨.选取900尾健康的斑点叉尾鱼回,平均体重(5.00±0.50) g,随机分成4个处理组(I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ处理依次分别添加维生素E 0、50、100和1 000 IU/kg饲料),每个处理3个重复,每个重复75尾.试验期105 d.试验结果显示:在一定添加水平内,维生素E能够显著提高斑点叉尾鱼回成活率、特定生长率(SGR)、蛋白质效率和摄饵量(P＜0.01).当维生素E添加量为100 IU/kg时,以上四个指标均达最高,分别为97.78%±0.96%,2.99%±0.50%,163.71%±5.62%和(7 478.00±62.01) g/尾,均极显著高于维生素E添加量为0 IU/kg组(P＜0.01);维生素E显著影响斑点叉尾鱼回胃肠道、--肝胰脏蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).100 IU/kg添加组胃蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性最高,分别达(29.33±1.66) U/(min*mg),(196.52±17.28) U/(min*mg),极显著高于0 IU/kg添加组(P＜0.01)和显著高于1 000 IU/kg添加组(P＜0.05).结果表明,维生素E在一定添加水平内能显著提高斑点叉尾鱼回生长性能和消化酶活性,促进鱼体生长.     

去皮豆粕对幼建鲤生长性能和肠道的影响

幼建鲤(Cyprinus carpiovar.jian)初始体质量(10.29±0.10)g,分别饲喂去皮豆粕蛋白占总蛋白0、25%、50%、75%和100%的等氮饲料代替白鱼粉蛋白,进行为期9周的生长实验。结果表明,随去皮豆粕增加,SGR下降,饲料系数升高。当替代50%时,SGR、肠重和前肠后肠皱襞高度显著降低(P<0.05),饲料系数、中肠后肠溶菌酶含量和抗体水平显著升高(P<0.05);50%~100%大豆蛋白组出现肠道皱襞顶端上皮细胞脱落、固有层白细胞数量增多等症状。由本结果可知,高比例去皮豆粕抑制幼建鲤生长,并使其肠道生长受阻和结构受损从而导致消化吸收能力下降,降低饲料利用率;肠道损伤的原因涉及肠道非特异性和特异性免疫反应;在饲料总蛋白水平为33%时,去皮豆粕在体质量为10~35g幼建鲤饲料中替代白鱼粉蛋白的适宜比例为25%。     

Dietary pyridoxine requirement of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

In a 80-day feeding trial, a total of 1050 juvenile Jian carp ( Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) with an average initial weight of 10.71 ± 0.05 g were fed semi-purified diets containing seven graded levels of pyridoxine (0.20, 1.71, 3.23, 4.96, 6.32, 8.58 and 12.39 mg pyridoxine kg⁻¹ diet). Results indicated that with increasing dietary pyridoxine levels up to 4.96 mg kg⁻¹ diet, percent weight gain (PWG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were improved, and no differences were found with further increase of pyridoxine levels. Feed intake also followed the similar pattern to that observed with PWG and SGR when dietary pyridoxine levels were ≤6.32 mg kg⁻¹ diet. But feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio were not affected by pyridoxine levels. Crude protein of carcass, productive protein value and plasma ammonia concentration were improved with increasing dietary pyridoxine levels up to 4.96 mg kg⁻¹ diet. Amylase activities in the intestine were improved with increasing dietary pyridoxine levels up to 4.96 mg kg⁻¹ diet, but protease and lipase activities in the intestine were not affected by pyridoxine levels. Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase and Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities in proximal intestine, mid intestine (MI) and distal intestine (DI) were lowest when fed the diet containing 1.71 mg pyridoxine kg⁻¹ diet. The alkaline phosphatase activities in MI and DI followed the same pattern. The dietary pyridoxine requirement of juvenile Jian carp based on PWG estimated by broken line model was 6.07 mg pyridoxine kg⁻¹ diet.     

Dietary lysine requirement of juvenile Jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

This study was designed to determine the dietary lysine requirement of juvenile Jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. Jian). A total of 990 juvenile Jian carps (initial weight 7.89 ± 0.04 g) were randomly allocated six groups of each three replicates, feeding isonitrogenous (320 g kg^?1 crude protein) and isolipidic (50 g kg^?1 crude fat) diets containing graded levels of coated l ‐lysine, with dietary lysine content ranging from 22 to 69 g kg^?1 of protein, respectively, for 80 days. Final weight, protein deposition and protein production value were significantly improved in response to the increasing levels of dietary lysine up to 59 g kg^?1 of protein and remained nearly constant thereafter. Whole‐body protein content followed a similar pattern as growth parameters in relation to dietary lysine level. Hepatopancreas and intestine protein content, hepatopancreas index (HSI) and intestine index (ISI) were positively affected by dietary lysine level. The dietary lysine requirement of juvenile Jian carp estimated by broken line analysis based on weight gain was 59 g kg^?1 of protein.     

Effects of pyridoxine on antioxidative parameters in juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

To investigate the effects of dietary pyridoxine (PN) on antioxidant status of fish in serum, intestine and trunk kidney, 1050 juvenile Jian carp (11.7 ± 0.1 g) were used for the experiment. The carp were divided into seven groups and fed diets containing graded levels of PN (0.20, 1.71, 3.23, 4.96, 6.32, 8.58 and 12.39 mg kg^?1 of diet) for 80 days. Results of the study showed that content of malondialdehyde in serum, intestine and kidney tissues was the highest when fed the diet containing 1.71 mg PN kg^?1 diet (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the protein carbonyl content of intestine and kidney tissue showed a downward trend to a point (P < 0.05). Conversely, activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), glutathione S‐transferase, glutathione reductase and glutathione (GSH) content in serum, intestine and kidney tissue were generally higher in PN‐supplemented diets than unsupplemented diet (P < 0.05). The present results indicated that the PN decreased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in fish, and partly because of its improved antioxidant enzymes activities and levels of GSH.     

建鲤遗传改良取得新进展

建鲤（Ｃｙｐｒｉｎｕｓ　ｃａｒｐｉｏ　ｖａｒ　ｊｉａｎ）是我国首次人工育成的遗传性状稳定的优良新品种，采用了国内外首创的鱼类家系选育、多系杂交与雌核发育相结合的综合育种技术，以及育种学与生理、生态和养殖学相结合的缩短育种周期的快速育种方法。建鲤具有生长快、体型优（长体型）、青灰色、肉质肉味好、饲料转化率高、性温顺易驯养易捕、适应广、抗病力强、适宜全国各地各种方式饲养等优点，明显优于国内现有鲤鱼和国外引进品种，普遍增产３０％以上。其主要遗传性状的稳定性和一致性达９９％以上。据不完全统计，目前全国３…     

油酸诱导建鲤(Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)肝细胞脂肪变性模型的建立

通过对油酸诱导时间及有效作用浓度的研究,建立油酸致建鲤肝细胞脂肪变性模型.本研究以胰蛋白酶消化法获得的原代肝细胞作为实验材料,加入不同浓度油酸(0、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8 mmol/L)与肝细胞共培养24-48 h,诱导肝细胞脂肪变性,分别收集不同时段的肝细胞及上清液,采用试剂盒测定肝细胞中甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)的含量,同时测定上清培养液中谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性,MTT法测定肝细胞的存活情况,确定油酸最佳诱导浓度,油红O染色法观察细胞内脂肪滴的形成情况.研究结果显示,0.4 mmol/L油酸与肝细胞共培养48 h,可以显著提高肝细胞内TG、TC含量(P＜ 0.05或P＜ 0.01),极显著提高上清培养液中GOT、GPT、LDH、γ-GT的活性,显著降低上清培养液中SOD的活性,但与24 h相比有升高趋势,0.4 mmol/L油酸与肝细胞共培养24 h,光镜下可见细胞内有脂肪滴形成,以48 h最明显.综上所述,油酸浓度0.4 mmol/L、诱导时间48 h成功构建了肝细胞脂肪变性模型,为研究鱼类脂肪肝类疾病奠定了基础.     

Effects of dietary histidine on antioxidant capacity in juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that dietary histidine could improve antioxidant capacity of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). A total of 1,200 juvenile Jian carp were fed graded levels of histidine at 2.3 (unsupplemented control), 4.4, 6.3, 8.6, 10.8 and 12.7 g/kg diet for 60 days. Results showed that the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) in serum and all tissues apparently decreased with increasing histidine levels up to an optimal level and increased thereafter. Anti-superoxide anion (ASA) capacity, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities and glutathione (GSH) content in serum and all tissues, anti-hydroxyl radical (a-HR) capacity, catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities in serum, muscle and intestine, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in serum and intestine, as well as glutathione reductase (GR) activity in serum, muscle and hepatopancreas were improved by dietary histidine. Fish fed diet with 8.6 g/kg histidine had lower serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activity than that fed with control diet, whereas pattern of glutamate–oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) activity was opposite. The present results suggested that histidine could improve antioxidant capacity and inhibit lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation of juvenile Jian carp.     

建鲤自交及与黄河鲤正反杂交子代的生长比较和通径分析

以建鲤、黄河鲤为亲本,建立了建鲤自交JL(建鲤♀×建鲤♂)、正交JH(建鲤♀×黄河鲤♂)、反交HJ(黄河鲤♀×建鲤♂)3个试验组合,PIT标记后在养殖157、398、598 d时测定生长参数.结果表明:(1)157、398 d时增重率均为HJ>JH>JL,HJ与JL差异显著(P<0.05);598 d时JL>JH>HJ,子代差异不显著(P>0.05).(2)体长、体重的变异系数在157、398 d 时HJ>JH>JL,598 d 时JL>HJ>JH.体长的变异系数小于体重的变异系数.(3)肥满度随养殖时间增加而增长,JL的肥满度最高并与JH、HJ差异显著;(4)雌、雄鱼生长差异显著,雌鱼生长始终快于JL;雄鱼仅在157 d时有优势,398、598 d时杂种优势衰退.(5)在对体重的决定系数上,398 d时子代均以体长的决定系数占主导;598 d时HJ(♀)、JL(♀)中体高的决定系数占主导,JL(♂)、HJ(♂)、JH(♀)中体长的决定系数占主导,JH(♂)中体长、体高对体重的决定系数差异很小.(6)养殖时间对体重的差异显著性、绝对增重率无显著影响(P>0.05),对体长、绝对增长率、特定生长率、体重变异系数、生长指标及肥满度有极显著影响(P<0.01);鱼的不同交配组合和不同性别对上述生长参数均有极显著影响.     

水库网箱内建鲤鱼种培育试验

目前 ,山东省网箱养殖建鲤 ,从尾重不小于 1ｇ的寸片鱼种开始入箱 ,至主养成鱼的系列化配套技术已基本成熟。但库区多数养殖单位和个人缺少用于培育寸片鱼种的池塘 ,所需鱼种主要依靠外购。池塘中培育的鱼种入箱后 ,因不适应由池塘到网箱这一生态环境的突变 ,多集群顶网欲外游 ,往往因擦伤造成较高的死亡率。根据我所几年的养殖经验 ,入箱后驯化到适应新环境 ,死亡率一般要超过 30 %。为能直接由乌仔在网箱内培育成寸片鱼种 ,只要经济上划算 ,将会给无配套池塘的养殖者带来方便。 1 996年我们在水库中网箱养殖建鲤的生产中 ,进行了由乌仔培…     

Characterization and expression analysis of two distinct neuropeptide Ya paralogues in Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

Two distinct neuropeptide Ya paralogues (jlNPYa1 and jlNPYa2) were cloned and characterized in Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian), with a highly conserved organization encoded by four exons and three introns. The cDNAs for jlNPYa1 and jlNPYa2 were 693 and 730 bp in size, respectively. jlNPYa1 and jlNPYa2 both encoded a 96-amino acid protein, which shared 97.9 % identity. Phylogenetic tree showed that it has two NPYa genes, called jlNPYa1 and jlNPYa2, that presumably resulted from the tetraploidization event in the carp lineage. Analysis of expression profiles of jlNPYa1 and jlNPYa2 showed that the two NPY genes had a broad tissue distribution but expressed primarily in the forebrain, hypothalamus, testis and liver. The expression pattern was different in juvenile and adult (female and male) Jian carp. In juvenile, the highest expression level of jlNPYa1 and jlNPYa2 was detected in the testis. In adult, it was detected in the forebrain. In female hypothalamus, the expression level of jlNPYa1 was significantly higher than that of jlNPYa2. However, the opposite was true in male hypothalamus. The differing distribution patterns of the two NPY genes suggested that jlNPYa1 and jlNPYa2 might play different roles in Jian carp.     

彩鲫与建鲤杂交F_1体色的初步研究

利用建鲤和彩鲫正反交获得了鲤鲫F1(彩鲫♀×建鲤♂)和鲫鲤F1(建鲤♀×彩鲫♂)两个杂交群体,将两个杂交群体各分为两组,分别在室内水族箱和室外池塘中饲养6个月后,通过显微镜对鳞片黑色素细胞的数量进行统计,利用丙酮抽提液对鳞片红色素细胞的吸光值进行测定。结果发现,鲤鲫F1的红色素细胞吸光值与彩鲫接近(P0.05),黑色素细胞数值极显著低于建鲤(P0.01);鲫鲤F1红色素细胞吸光值极显著低于彩鲫(P0.01),黑色素细胞值显著低于建鲤(P0.05)。