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研究操作胁迫(追赶惊扰)对大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea Richardson)幼鱼的生长、行为、肝脏、脾脏、免疫功能等方面的影响.实验用大黄鱼幼鱼全长(5.85±0.45)cm,实验共设3个组对照组、实验组1(每日操作胁迫1次)、实验组2(每日操作胁迫2次),每组2个重复.分别于实验开始后第10天、20天、30天,取样测定其全长、体质量、脾脏重以及肝脏重,计算脾系数和肝系数;断尾取血做血涂片,在油镜下进行白细胞分类计数,并对各项指标进行统计分析.结果表明,长期的剧烈操作胁迫会显著抑制大黄鱼幼鱼的生长,同时也影响其肝脾脏功能和机体免疫机能,如增加大黄鱼幼鱼脾系数(即脾肿大),肝脏的合成代谢先受到抑制;各种白细胞比率受剧烈操作胁迫(每日2次胁迫)影响发生显著变化,嗜中性粒细胞和单核细胞在实验前期(10 d)或中期(20 d)显著增多,而淋巴细胞则明显减少,但在实验末期均又恢复正常水平,其原因可能是大黄鱼的免疫机能对长期操作胁迫表现一定的适应性. 相似文献
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为探究大菱鲆分别在有水及无水条件下运输过程中生理生化指标及肌肉品质的变化,为大菱鲆的保活运输提供参考。将大菱鲆进行暂养、降温、充氧包装后进行模拟运输,并在运输不同时间段取样,检测大菱鲆生理生化指标及肌肉指标。结果显示,模拟运输18 h后,有水运输组和无水运输组中的大菱鲆存活率仍为100%。大菱鲆肌肉中水分含量、粗脂肪、pH、糖原、三磷酸腺苷(ATP)和腺苷酸(AMP)含量显著降低,乳酸和肌苷酸(IMP)含量升高。其中,有水运输组中的大菱鲆AMP含量降低了38.65%,IMP含量增加了29.1%,无水运输组中的大菱鲆AMP含量降低了12.83%,IMP含量增加了28.47%。大菱鲆血液生化指标中,葡萄糖、尿素氮和皮质醇含量显著升高。运输过程后,无水运输组中大菱鲆生理应激及能量代谢指标的变化幅度均小于有水运输处理组中的大菱鲆。此外,低温无水运输组大菱鲆肌肉中呈味核苷酸IMP和AMP含量显著高于有水运输组,表明低温无水运输增加了大菱鲆呈鲜味物质的含量,提高了鱼肉风味。研究表明,低温无水保活技术在活鱼运输中具有广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
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Shay Allred Wenjie Shao Jacob H. Jones M. Wes Schilling Beth H. Baker Peter J. Allen 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(5):1854-1866
Catfish Ictalurus spp. are subjected to stressful conditions during harvest, which may be linked to fillet coloration and quality. Poor water quality in ponds, socks or hauling tanks, as well as handling stress, have been suggested to cause red fillets in catfish; however, chronic exposure has not resulted in red fillets. Short‐term occurrences of extreme poor water quality, particularly low dissolved oxygen, high carbon dioxide and high temperature, may occur in ponds or during harvest. Therefore, market‐sized Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus were acutely exposed (12 hr) to one of the three water quality treatments while confined during a simulated socking procedure and evaluated for stress responses by means of change in blood parameters and fillet quality. In fish subjected to the extreme treatment, hematocrit, plasma cortisol, glucose and lactate levels increased, with 22% mortality, indicating highly stressful conditions. In fish subjected to moderate and typical (control) treatments, cortisol increased but a lack of change or decrease in glucose and lactate indicated minimal anaerobic metabolism. Only one red fillet was produced by the extreme treatment and two by the typical treatment; therefore, the results suggest red fillets are not a product of poor water quality compounded by handling during harvest. 相似文献
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为了研究刀鲚(Coilia nasus)阿黑皮素原(proopiomelanocortin,POMC)基因的应激应答及调控,克隆了刀鲚POMC基因的c DNA全长。刀鲚POMC基因的c DNA全长2030 bp,编码区699 bp,编码232个氨基酸。二级结构预测显示,刀鲚POMC包括信号肽(signal peptide)、N末端区(N-terminal region,NPP)、促肾上腺皮质激素结构域(adrenocorticotropic hormone,ACTH)、β-脂解素(β-LPH)、α-促黑素(α-MSH)、促肾上腺皮质激素样垂体中叶多肽(CLIP)、γ-脂解素(γ-LPH)、β-促黑素(β-MSH)和β-内咖肽(β-EP)结构域。运用荧光定量的方法检测了该基因在刀鲚不同组织中的表达分布。结果显示,POMC在健康刀鲚的脑高表达,鳃、肾、精巢相对高表达,肝、脾、肠、头肾、肌肉和卵巢中微量表达。运输胁迫后,POMC基因的表达量显著下降(P0.05);10‰ NaCl组4 h和6 h POMC基因的表达量显著上调(P0.05),6 h的表达量恢复至应激前。POMC基因在脂肪代谢及应激调控中发挥重要的功能,本研究结果可为该基因在刀鲚后续育种及应激调控工作提供重要基础。 相似文献
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采用RACE方法获得了脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂serpin基因的cDNA序列。该基因全长1 516 bp, 开放阅读框1 245 bp, 编码414个氨基酸, 其预测分子量为45.06 kD, 理论等电点为5.694, 并含有两个糖基结合位点。同源性分析发现其与斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)同源性最高, 达到49%。组织表达分析表明, serpin基因在脊尾白虾血细胞中表达量最高, 其次是肝胰腺和鳃组织, 在肌肉中表达量最低。不同盐度胁迫后脊尾白虾的血细胞serpin基因表达量在盐度胁迫8 h时显著高于对照组(P<0.05), 肝胰腺组织中serpin基因表达量在盐度胁迫后2 h和24 h出现明显峰值, 且显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。上述结果表明, 脊尾白虾serpin基因参与了急性盐度胁迫下机体的应激反应。本研究通过克隆脊尾白虾酚氧化酶原激活系统中的丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂基因cDNA全长, 分析盐度胁迫后其在血细胞和肝胰腺组织中的表达变化规律, 以期为脊尾白虾的健康养殖提供理论基础和参考依据。
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Two consecutive experiments were conducted to investigate the physiological responses of Jade perch (Scortom barcoo) to different stocking densities over a 30‐day period and to stress resulting from food deprivation over a 10‐day period. Groups of Jade perch were reared in recirculating tanks at three stocking densities (120, 180 and 270 fish m?3). Fish were weighed and blood samples were taken at the beginning of the experiment (P1) and after 30 days (P2). Feeding was then stopped and fish were sampled again 10 days later (P3). Blood samples were analysed for serum level of cortisol (COR), glucose (GLU), total protein (TP), triglycerides (TG), lysozyme (LYS) activity and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Significant changes were observed in average body weight and serum COR, TG, LYS and ALP activity in response to stocking density. No significant difference was found between stocking density treatments concerning the serum TP and GLU. The results showed that fish performed better at a stocking density of 180 fish m?3. Food deprivation for 10 days resulted in significant changes in ALP activity and LYS activity, TP and GLU concentrations and final average body weight but not in COR and TG levels. 相似文献
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Makoto Kakinuma Naoko Shibahara Hanako Ikeda Miyuki Maegawa Hideomi Amano 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(2):287-294
SUMMARY: The thermal stress responses of a sterile mutant of the marine alga Ulva pertusa were investigated at 20°C and 30°C. The amounts of the photosynthetic pigments, β-carotene, chlorophylls a and b , lutein, neoxanthin, and violaxanthin, were 1.4–2.4 times higher in the 30°C-cultivated alga than in the 20°C-cultivated alga. The free amino acids, asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, and serine, were abundant in the 20°C-cultivated alga, and increased 1.9–10.5-fold in response to thermal stress (30°C). Total carbon and nitrogen contents also increased in the 30°C-cultivated alga. Sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns of total proteins extracted from both temperature-treated algae showed the increases of 20, 25, and 90 kDa proteins in the 30°C-cultivated alga. Isozyme assays for 20 enzymes showed a different banding pattern only in the case of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). Although it was observed that both temperature-treated algae possessed NAD+ - and NADP+ -specific GDH, the 30°C-cultivated alga had an additional NADP+ -specific GDH (NADP-GDH). These results suggest that NADP-GDH compensates for the thermally induced decreases in nitrogen assimilation efficiency and thereby regulates nitrogen metabolism under conditions of temperature stress. 相似文献
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旨在研究刀鲚(Coilia nasus)过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, PPARγ)基因的应激调控表达,克隆并获得了刀鲚PPARγ基因的cDNA全长。刀鲚PPARγ基因的cDNA全长1951 bp,开放阅读框1470 bp,预测编码489个氨基酸。刀鲚PPARγ包括4个功能结构域,即A/B区, DNA结合区(DNA binding domain, DBD区),铰链区,配体结合区(ligand binding domain, LBD区)。运用荧光定量PCR (real time quantitative PCR, RT-qPCR)检测刀鲚PPARγ基因在不同组织、运输胁迫和胚胎发育时期的表达。结果显示,刀鲚PPARγ在各组织中均有表达,其中在肝中表达量最高,在脑、肠、心脏、肾、头肾、肌肉中相对高表达,在鳃和脾中微量表达。运输胁迫过程中, PPARγ基因表达显著上调(P0.05),在4 h达到峰值,随后显著降低,但仍高于对照组。PPARγ在胚胎发育时期各时期均表达,其中在受精卵时期高表达,随后表达量急剧降低,并在此后的时期一直处于较低的表达水平。PPARγ基因在应激过程中发挥重要作用,也是胚胎发育过程中重要的基因。本研究为刀鲚的人工繁育和应激调控提供了理论基础。 相似文献