金鳟稚鱼小瓜虫病的防治

在集约化水产养殖中，养殖业常常面临寄生性原虫的困扰，其中小瓜虫是致病性最强的原虫之一。小瓜虫是一种遍生性（周身遍布纤毛）纤毛虫，通常寄生于淡水鱼类的体表、鳍和鳃上，形成小白点，所以在生产上称之为“白点病”。在自然水体中，鱼类的聚集密度不高，水质环境较好，小瓜虫不易大量繁殖，因此，野生的淡水鱼类很少受到小瓜虫的严重感染。然而在水泥池、室内的水族箱或渔排网箱等高密度鱼类养殖场所，     

合理利用硫酸铜防治大黄鱼海水小瓜虫病

在大黄鱼鱼苗养殖阶段，寄生性原虫的危害最为严重，以海水小瓜虫为例，从发病到鱼苗大规模死广时间极短，笔者曾进行试验，在小瓜虫温度适宜的条件下，从发现一尾鱼感染小瓜虫到全池暴发小瓜虫病仅仅只有24小时的时间，死亡半可以达到80％。存本文中，笔者根据众多防治小瓜虫的参考文献，总结得出利用硫酸铜来防治小水体（试验鱼养殖池，6米^3水体）中大黄鱼海水小瓜虫的有效浓度，并进行了试验。     

北海市铁山港卵形鲳鲹深水网箱小瓜虫暴发简报

2019年9月12日,广西北海市铁山港出现深水网箱养殖卵形鲳鲹大量发病,经检查,是小瓜虫暴发。海水小瓜虫学名刺激隐核虫,在海水鱼养殖生产中,每年均有养殖鱼类感染,给渔业生产带来重大损失。经过了多种治疗手段的尝试,目前没有特别有效的治疗手段。一般在连续低气压、海水溶氧不足、水体有机质含量上升的环境条件下鱼体更容易感染小瓜虫病。小瓜虫一般附着在养殖鱼体的鳃(图1)和皮肤上.     

鱼类小瓜虫病免疫研究进展

小瓜虫病是淡水鱼类和观赏鱼类的一种常见寄生虫病。鱼感染小瓜虫后，在血清和体表黏液中产生抗体，这种抗体主要是鱼受到小瓜虫体细胞表面膜蛋白的刺激，通过血液和体表黏液中淋巴细胞产生出来的，以阻止小瓜虫的运动并杀死虫体。目前还没有正式用于生产的小瓜虫疫苗，但实验室疫苗已研制成功，包括经冷冻和福尔马林处理后的死疫苗、小瓜虫活疫茁以及小瓜虫基因疫苗等。综述了，多年来小瓜虫病的免疫研究概况、鱼类对小瓜虫免疫反应类型、反应机制以及抗小瓜虫疫苗等。     

网箱养殖翘嘴红鲌小瓜虫病的防治

在集约化水产养殖中，养殖业户常常面临寄生性原虫的困扰，其中小瓜虫是致病性最强的原虫之一。小瓜虫学名为多子小瓜虫，是一种遍生性（周身遍布纤毛）纤毛虫，通常寄生于淡水鱼类的体表、鳍和鳃上，形成小白点，所以在生产上称之为“白点病”。该寄生虫会引起鱼的活动异常、上皮增生、呼吸困难以及机械损伤，继而带来病菌的继发感染。     

海水网箱养殖中海水小瓜虫病的防治

我国拥有世界上最为庞大的海水养殖业,产量超过千万吨,在我国沿海的国民经济中举足轻重。但随着我国海水养殖的迅速发展,养殖面积和养殖密度的不断增加,病害种类越来越多,危害也日益严重。其中网箱养殖海水鱼类一再暴发的海水小瓜虫病给养殖业造成了极大的经济损失,同时也严重地打击了养殖户的生产积极性。如2007年10月中旬,在广东省饶平县柘林湾暴发海水小瓜虫病,湾内超过一半的渔排网箱都受到病害侵袭,损失惨重。2007年10月下旬,福建省连江县养殖海区养殖的大黄鱼、真鲷暴发海水小瓜虫病,共约有2万余箱大黄鱼、真鲷死亡,占当地养殖鱼类总量的50%,直接经济损失达1亿多元。因此,应正确认识海水小瓜虫病的病原、发病原因、发病机理,有针对性地在养殖生产与日常管理中采取相应的措施,尽可能减少或杜绝此类灾害性的病害事件的发生。     

淡水养殖鱼类小瓜虫病及防治措施

<正>小瓜虫病是淡水鱼类普遍流行的一种寄生虫性原虫病,在所有的淡水养殖鱼类中都有发生,常引起鱼苗鱼种大批死亡,给养殖生产造成惨重经济损失。淡水小瓜虫病的病原是多子小瓜虫,因为病鱼体表或鳃上呈现白色小点病变,故又称"白点病"。该病对淡水养殖     

斑点叉尾鮰主要疾病与防治（下）

3.寄生虫性疾病 （1）小瓜虫病（Ichthyophthiriasis） 病原：小瓜虫病是由多子小瓜虫引起的，是斑点叉尾鮰一种危害较大的原虫性寄生虫病。由于病鱼体表粘液增多，游动异常，常见鱼体与固体物摩擦，继而在体表、鳍条和鳃上出现大量小白点，故小瓜虫病又称白点病（White spot disease）。     

工厂化养殖中小瓜虫病的诊断和治疗

在水产养殖业中,淡水鱼的小瓜虫病被称为"白点病"。鱼类感染小瓜虫病多难以治疗,有时一夜之间全部死亡,原因是小瓜虫生存和繁殖能力极强。作为受害者之一,笔者结合自己的亲身体会和前人的经验,总结心得分享给大家,望广大渔友提早预防。一、小瓜虫的来源每年秋冬之际是小瓜虫暴发的时期,对于池塘养殖水体的小瓜虫大家尚可以理解,但在工厂化循环水养殖系统中(图1),笔者养殖的草鱼苗仍然遭受了小瓜虫的侵害,这说明小瓜虫的感染力是非常强的。     

淡水名优鱼小瓜虫病病因分析及防治探讨

多子小瓜虫（ＩｃｈｔｈｙｏｐｈｔｈｉｒｉｕｓｍｕｌｔｉｆｉｌｉｉｓＦｏｕｑｕｅｔ）是一种世界性广泛流行的对鱼类危害较大的寄生原虫 ,寄生于鱼的皮肤、鳍、鳃、眼等部位 ,形成白色小点状胞囊 ,又称“白点病”。病鱼体表粘液增多 ,呼吸困难 ,游动异常 ,有时与池内物体摩擦 ,导致表皮脱落 ,鳍条烂裂。小瓜虫侵入鱼眼可使发炎、变瞎。最终病鱼活动乏力 ,停止摄食 ,很快成批死亡。关于小瓜虫病的危害对象 ,国内多家资料已有共识 :小瓜虫对寄主无严格选择性 ,对观赏鱼及食用鱼的苗种危害严重。笔者近十年来 ,在从事淡水名优鱼养殖及对豫北…     

Esophagoscopy and gastroscopy in dogs and cats. Technics and indications

A report is presented of esophagoscopy and gastroscopy in cats and dogs using flexible endoscopes. Following consideration of the basic equipment, an account is given of patient preparation and anesthesia, topography, investigation technique and normal findings. Diagnostic potential, indications and risks involved are discussed.     

中国鲟鱼的保护、管理与产业化

1　世界现存鲟鱼的种类和资源鲟鱼是一类起源早、具有重要科学研究价值和极高经济价值的稀有物种 ,多数种类个体大 ,半数种为溯河洄游产卵鱼类。按目前较为公认的分类系统 ,现存鲟鱼类有 2科 6属 2 7个种 ,隶属于硬骨鱼纲、软骨硬鳞总目、鲟形目 (Acipenseriformes) ,其中鲟属有 17个种 ,主要经济种类在其中。它们全部分布于北半球 ,现存 9个自然分布区为 :太平洋东岸、北美大湖地区、大西洋西北部、北美密西西比河流域和墨西哥湾、大西洋东北部、里海地区、西伯利亚及北冰洋流域、黑龙江和日本海、长江和珠江。鲟鱼自然种群资源稀少 ,在过…     

虾蟹血淋巴的抽取与固定

随着人们对甲壳动物生理生态学研究的逐步深入,尤其是与免疫应答密切联系的血液生理学领域被广泛关注.抽取和固定血淋巴,成为进行血液学研究必不可少的步骤.那么如何更好地抽取和固定血淋巴呢,本文以虾蟹为例做了总结,以供参考.     

Achieving sustainable aquaculture: Historical and current perspectives and future needs and challenges

Important operational changes that have gradually been assimilated and new approaches that are developing as part of the movement toward sustainable intensive aquaculture production systems are presented via historical, current, and future perspectives. Improved environmental and economic sustainability based on increased efficiency of production continues to be realized. As a result, aquaculture continues to reduce its carbon footprint through reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Reduced use of freshwater and land resources per unit of production, improved feed management practices as well as increased knowledge of nutrient requirements, effective feed ingredients and additives, domestication of species, and new farming practices are now being applied or evaluated. Successful expansion into culture of marine species, both off and on shore, offers the potential of substantial increases in sustainable intensive aquaculture production combined with integrative efforts to increase efficiency will principally contribute to satisfying the increasing global demand for protein and food security needs.     

Food habits and growth of silver and bighead carp in cages and ponds

Analysis of intestinal contents of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) showed that silver carp consumed primarily phytoplankton while bighead carp consumed large quantities of zooplankton and detritus in addition to phytoplankton. The size of particles filtered by the bighead carp was larger (17–3,000 μm) than that filtered by silver carp (8–100 μm). Artificial feed was readily consumed by bighead carp but not by silver carp. No growth difference was indicated for silver carp in fertilized ponds and ponds receiving artificial feed. Growth of bighead carp increased substantially with the addition of artificial feed. Silver carp grew more rapidly in cages than bighead carp.     

Fish assemblage associations and thresholds with existing and projected oil and gas development

Energy development threatens fish and wildlife resources worldwide. This study used constrained ordinations to show fish assemblage structure associated with oil and gas well densities in the Colorado River Basin, Wyoming, but well densities explained only 6.4% of assemblage structure when compared to other factors. Threshold Indicator Taxonomic ANalysis showed significant negative threshold responses by some species to small levels of development (<0.15 wells km^?2), whereas positive thresholds were less distinct. Some native and imperilled species could be disproportionately affected if future oil and gas development proceeds in a manner that will impact aquatic resources. Although existing development has not substantially influenced regional fish assemblage structure, it appears to affect a subset of species. Understanding assemblage‐level responses to development can help land managers determine appropriate development levels, prioritise areas for monitoring associated with future development and identify where land protection measures may be needed to offset potential risks.     

虾蟹专用肥的研究开发及应用

20 0 1年 ,江苏省高邮市农林局与中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心及扬州市春申生物化工有限公司共同承担了江苏省水产更新工程项目———“虾、蟹专用肥料的开发研究与推广”。经项目组人员的共同努力 ,现已顺利完成项目任务 ,研究开发的虾、蟹专用肥在试用和大面积推广应用中取得了显著效果。虾、蟹专用肥已被列为江苏省第一批无公害水产品基地拟用鱼药、饲料推荐产品 ;也是江苏省水产技术推广站、安徽省水产技术推广站、江苏省高邮市农林局、江苏省兴化市水产局、江苏省宝应县水产局、安徽寿县水产局等十多个水产行政主管和技术推广部…     

添加植酸酶日粮不同磷水平和钙磷比对生长肥育猪血液生化指标和骨骼性能的影响

本试验利用饲养试验方法,研究玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加植酸酶时不同磷水平和钙磷比对生长肥育猪血清指标和骨骼性能的影响。试验选用162头20kg左右的杜长大三元杂交猪进行2×3(磷水平×钙磷比)因子饲养试验,试验分2个阶段进行,前期为生长期体重在20-60kg,后期为肥育期体重为为60-100kg。结果表明:添加植酸酶日粮磷水平对血清磷含量和碱性磷酸酶的活性影响显著(P<0.05);钙磷比对血清钙和血清磷含量的影响显著(P<0.05);添加植酸酶日粮磷水平和钙磷比对生长肥育猪骨骼性能的影响不显著(P>0.05)。在添加植酸酶条件下,降低日粮磷水平不影响猪的正常生长发育。     

Gar biology and culture: status and prospects

Many lepisosteid populations in North America have declined and many are now threatened as a consequence of habitat loss and alteration and commercial and sport overfishing. Over the last two decades, morphological, histological and molecular studies allowed distinguishing between different phases of development and the nutritional condition of larvae. Ontogeny of the digestive enzymes of gar larvae indicated the possibility to feed them artificial feeds since early developmental stages. An in vitro digestibility system to test different feed ingredients has been used. Important characteristics of artificial diets were identified through different feeding experiments. Endocrinological studies showed the feasibility of altering larval development and the digestive capacity of larvae. Cloning of gar growth hormone opened new avenues to enhance growth in the gars. Plasmatic vitellogenin was isolated and purified, to develop a competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, which allowed the straightforward separation of males from females to establish appropriate proportions for reproduction and also was used to evaluate hormonal protocols to induce gonad recrudescence and spawning. This review analyzes the biology, ecology and physiology of different gar species as a basis for their domestication, mass production of larvae for repopulation experiments and for the culture of commercial‐size gar.