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1.
用大黄鱼(♀)和(鱼免)( ♂)进行属间杂交,获得了56.25%的受精率,45.24%的孵化率和0.65%的鱼苗成活率.对杂交亲本与子代进行了微卫星和AFLP标记的比较分析,结果表明:4个微卫星位点(LYC0003,LYC0006,LYC0007,LYC0008)都可扩增出清晰的亲本差异条带,26个F1个体中均未出现雄鱼特有条带;4 对选择性扩增引物(E-ACC/M-CAG,E-AAC/M-CAT,E-AAC/M-CTA,E- AGC/M-CTC)共检出326个AFLP条带,143条母本特异性条带中有132 条出现在子代中,94 条父本特异性条带中只有18 条出现在子代中,子代中另出现了33 条非亲条带.F1个体之间的遗传相似系数为0.891,与母本、父本间的遗传相似系数分别为0.853、0.271;F1个体之间的遗传距离为0.116,与母本、父本间的遗传距离分别为0.159、1.307,表明杂交子代与母本大黄鱼之间具有极高的遗传同质性,属异精雌核发育个体.  相似文献   

2.
为了解黄姑鱼(Nibea albiflora)异质雌核发育子代的基因纯合情况,利用微卫星标记(SSR)和扩增片段长度多态性标记(AFLP)对黄姑鱼异质雌核发育家系进行遗传鉴定和分析。结果显示:(1)雌核发育家系在4个SSR位点和5对AFLP引物组合扩增出的位点均未发现父本特异性等位条带,表明雌核发育体比率为100%。(2)用于遗传分析的7个SSR位点在雌核发育家系和正常交配家系中均未见完全纯合的情况,雌核发育家系7个SSR位点的平均纯合度为0.382,是正常交配家系(0.161)的2.37倍。雌核发育家系各个体的纯合位点数为0~6个,纯合位点所占比例为0~85.7%。(3)5对AFLP引物共扩增出182条清晰的扩增条带,其中有21条父本特异性条带和16条母本特异性条带。16条母本特异性条带中有7个条带在雌核发育家系中显著偏分离(P<0.05)。雌核发育家系和正常交配家系多态性条带比例分别为14.7%和20.3%。(4)雌核发育家系与母本的遗传相似度高于与正常交配家系的遗传相似度,正常交配家系同父本和母本的遗传距离大致相同。研究结果表明,黄姑鱼异质雌核发育二倍体家系的遗传纯合度显著高于正常交配家系,人工诱导雌核发育是促进基因纯合的一个有效途径,它不仅可以加速有利基因的纯合固定,还可以加速有害基因的淘汰,从而有效提高育种效率。  相似文献   

3.
大黄鱼同质雌核发育的诱导及微卫星标记分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
为了解大黄鱼同质雌核发育的诱导条件及其效果,用紫外线照射灭活大黄鱼精子的遗传物质,静水压休克抑制第一次卵裂,培育出2个同质雌核发育家系(GF1和GF2),并借助微卫星标记进行鉴定,研究了10个母本中杂合的位点在2个家系中的传递和分离。结果显示,GF1和GF2孵出的仔鱼中分别有40.0%和17.1%形态正常个体,GF1检测8个位点30个个体均表现出雌核发育双单倍体(GDH)的特征,有20种基因型;GF2检测4个位点30个个体中,27个为GDH,2个含有父本基因,余下1个个体扩增条带既不同于母本也不同于父本,遗传本质不明。可见,所采用方法可以诱导出同质雌核发育大黄鱼。10个标记中除了LYC0026和LYC0053标记在GF2中偏离了1∶1(P<0.05),其余标记在GDH中的分离均符合孟德尔遗传定律的预期比值。研究还发现LYC0002和LYC0014的分离模式完全相同。首次报道了大黄鱼同质雌核发育的人工诱导及微卫星标记在GDH中的传递与分离,为大黄鱼纯系培育及利用GDH与纯系进行基因组作图分析等研究奠定了基础。  相似文献   

4.
使用14对银鲫(Carassius autatus gibelio Bloch)微卫星引物对同源雌核发育的银鲫子代及其亲本进行多态性研究,探讨雌核发育银鲫的母本微卫星杂合位点在同源传代中是否有分离的情况发生。在所选用的14对微卫星引物中,有8对在父母本间检测出不同的多态性,在所检测的第1组银鲫自交的子代中,只有1个个体在所检测的8个微卫星位点均存在变异,有明显的父本特异性条带出现,表现出了大量父本遗传信息,出现率为4.55%;在第2组检测到1个个体只在SCM13位点上出现母本部分特异性条带的缺失、弱化,而在其他位点上没有发现变异,出现率为1.52%。此结果表明,雌核发育银鲫卵子大部分在配子发生过程中没有发生减数分裂,即使用同源精子刺激,也行雌核发育生殖;但是,有极少数卵子在配子发生过程中,可能发生了部分减数分裂,具有部分融合同源精子的能力,从而在子代中检测到父本以及在融合过程中重组来的特异条带,用微卫星分于标记证实了银鲫两种生殖方式的存在,即雌核发育生殖和两性融合生殖。  相似文献   

5.
摘 要:利用虹鳟(♀)和山女鳟(♂)进行种间杂交,获得了90.00%的受精率,80.52%的发眼率,90.68%的孵化率和30.68%的鱼苗成活率。运用13个微卫星分子标记对杂交亲本与杂交子代进行了分子遗传机制的研究,结果表明:(1) 在13个微卫星位点中,3个位点只在虹鳟中得到扩增产物,6个位点扩增出虹鳟和山女鳟清晰的差异条带,另外4个位点在双亲中没有扩增出显著差异条带;(2) 双亲遗传分化显著,虹鳟和山女鳟存在杂交现象,虹鳟和山女鳟杂交子代的遗传符合孟德尔遗传规律,属两性融合生殖,是真正意义上的杂交种。 (3) 杂交后代与虹鳟和山女鳟的遗传相似性系数分别为0.4617和0.5965,遗传距离分别为0.7729和0.5168, 表明杂交F1与两亲本的遗传差异不是对等的, 而是偏向父本一方,UPGMA系统树也同样证明了这一点。本研究结果将为虹鳟、山女鳟两种鱼的杂交育种工作的进一步开展提供依据。  相似文献   

6.
牙鲆减数分裂与有丝分裂雌核发育的遗传差异   总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7  
利用同一尾牙鲆亲鱼的同一批卵子诱导减数分裂雌核发育二倍体和有丝分裂雌核发育二倍体,同时用牙鲆精子做人工授精制备普通二倍体,作为对照组。利用10对微卫星引物对普通二倍体和两种雌核发育二倍体进行遗传分析。结果表明,母本基因型在8个位点为杂合,2个位点为纯合。普通二倍体有6种基因型,等位基因均来自父母本的随机结合,类型丰富;母本与子代、子代个体之间的遗传相似系数分别为0.452 8和0.560 3,接近随机交配群体的遗传相似度。减数分裂雌核发育二倍体有3种基因型,除在1个位点出现异于母本的纯合基因型外,其他所有位点的基因型与母本完全一致;母本与子代、子代个体之间遗传相似系数分别为0.976 6和0.959 5,接近近交系的遗传相似度。有丝分裂雌核发育二倍体有2种基因型,且全部为纯合型;母本与子代、子代个体之间遗传相似系数分别为0.806 2和0.742 5,有丝分裂雌核发育二倍体全部为纯合个体。减数分裂雌核发育二倍体具有高度的遗传相似性,适于固定母本性状;有丝分裂雌核发育二倍体纯合度高,适于作为制备克隆的亲本;两者具有明显不同的遗传特性,均可作为特征不同的育种材料。  相似文献   

7.
为研究短蛸(Octopus ocellatus)的性选择行为,本研究利用14个多态性微卫星标记,对3个母本、176个子代及17个候选父本进行亲权鉴定,对3个家系中有子代和无子代雄蛸、子代比例高和子代比例低的雄蛸的各形态参数进行t检验,并对子代比例高和子代比例低的父本与母本的遗传相似性与遗传距离进行分析。结果显示,短蛸为多雌多雄的交配模式,为真正意义的雌性混交动物;雄蛸有无子代与其形态参数无相关性;子代比例与父本的形态大小参数无关,而与父母本的遗传相似性和遗传距离有关,父母本遗传相似性越高,遗传距离越小,后代比例越高。本研究为揭示短蛸交配前后的性选择机制提供了重要线索,也为海洋头足类动物的性选择机制研究提供了基础资料。  相似文献   

8.
利用尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)第2代遗传连锁图谱标记,对3组不同尼罗罗非鱼(♀)×萨罗罗非鱼(Sarotherodon melanotheron)(♂)杂交F1家系内亲权关系进行分析。结果显示,86个微卫星位点中共筛选出20个在尼罗罗非鱼、萨罗罗非鱼中存在差异的扩增位点,含13个种间特异性和7个共享带差异位点。尼萨杂交F1中,平均等位基因2.90,平均多态信息含量0.439,位点多态性较高。3个尼萨杂交F1家系组间遗传距离0.362~0.504,组内个体间遗传距离0.245~0.316,组内遗传距离明显小于组间。利用3个种间特异位点组合,可对3个不同家系组父、母本个体进行鉴别。通过对各组亲本与子代位点基因型分析,家系A、B和C组分别使用4、8和12个特异位点组合进行亲权鉴定,累积排除概率分别为99.99%、99.99%、99.91%,家系A、B组分别含3个半同胞家系,家系C组含2对非同胞或4个半同胞家系。  相似文献   

9.
利用哲罗鲑(Hucho taimen,♂)与细鳞鲑(Brachymystaxc lenok,♀)进行属间杂交,出现了仔鱼上浮率低和畸形率高等杂交不相容现象,为探究哲罗鲑与细鳞鲑属间杂交不相容现象产生的原因,本研究采用30对微卫星引物对杂交亲本及F1进行遗传分析.结果表明:(1)30对微卫星引物中,2对在细鳞鲑中未出现扩增带,3对在哲罗鲑中未出现扩增带,其余25对在双亲中均扩增出差异条带;(2)在双亲中具有差异的25个微卫星位点中,除Omi84TUF位点在1个F1出现非亲条带外,其余位点所有条带均来自于双亲,其中21个位点完全符合孟德尔遗传规律,表明哲罗鲑与细鳞鲑属间杂交属两性融合生殖,大部分遗传物质来源于父母本双方;(3)4个位点Omi105TUF、Omi156TUF、Omi165TUF及Omy16DIAS在部分子代中出现2条母本条带或父本条带缺失现象,可能是部分亲本染色体在配对或分离过程中产生了异常,出现染色体丢失或异源加倍现象,非整倍体的较早出现可能是导致杂交不相容的直接原因;4)F1与哲罗鲑和细鳞鲑的遗传相似系数分别为0.673 5和0.729 8,遗传距离分别为0.395 3和0.315 0,表明F1与细鳞鲑亲缘关系更近,UPGMA聚类分析也支持这一观点.  相似文献   

10.
大黄鱼♀与黄姑鱼杂交F1家系初孵仔鱼的AFLP分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了评估大黄鱼♀与黄姑鱼杂交F1在良种培育与遗传学研究中的应用潜力,利用AFLP标记研究了双亲基因在2个杂交F1家系(HF1和HF2)初孵仔鱼中的传递和分离方式。8对AFLP选择性扩增引物在两对亲本中分别检出478和446个片段。在HF1中,检出片段包括215条母本特异条带(FSB)、165条父本特异条带(MSB)和98条双亲共有条带(MuB),其中,121条(56.3%)FSB、115条(69.7%)MSB和93条(94.9%)MuB传递给了全部后代,其余片段在后代中发生分离。FSB和MSB分离位点的平均显性表型频率之间没有显著性差异。AFLP标记在HF2的传递与分离和HF1相似,只是分离位点的比例较HF1低,而且检出了2个非亲位点。此外,在HF1和HF2中都出现了较高比例的偏离孟德尔定律的分离位点。这些结果表明,大黄鱼♀×黄姑鱼杂交F1初孵仔鱼中同时含有来自双亲的基因;虽然计算结果显示杂交F1在遗传上略偏向于母本,但是父源基因和母源基因没有明显的选择性丢失;母本特异位点多态比例与大黄鱼种内杂交F1相当。研究结果为大黄鱼♀×黄姑鱼杂交F1的开发与管理提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

11.
12.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

13.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

16.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

17.
18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

19.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

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