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1.
4种笛鲷属鱼类随机扩增多态性DNA及遗传多样性研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
使用RAPD技术分析了红鳍笛鲷、紫红笛鲷、勒氏笛鲷和约氏笛鲷的种内遗传多样性、种间遗传多样性和种间亲缘关系。在120个随机引物中筛选出扩增效果好的引物36个,平均每个引物在每个个体上产生7.7个条带。种内遗传多样性研究结果显示:遗传距离(D)分别为0.2257,0.2228,0.2679和0.2247;遗传多样性指数(H)分别为0.1854,0.1904,0.2015和0.1865。说明目前湛江近海这4种笛鲷的遗传多样性比较丰富,它们的种质资源仍处于一个良好的水平。种间遗传多样性结果显示:勒氏笛鲷与约氏笛鲷遗传距离(Dpq)最小,亲缘关系最密切,勒氏笛鲷与红鳍笛鲷种间Dpq最大,亲缘关系最远。  相似文献   

2.
日本蟳4个地理群体遗传变异的同工酶分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
采用聚丙烯酰胺不连续凝胶垂直电泳技术对中国沿海的大连黑石礁、山东莱州湾、江苏海州湾和浙江象山4个日本蟳地理群体的10种同工酶进行检测,并分析了群体间的生化遗传差异。实验共记录了28个座位,其中m-Mdh-1、Sod-3、Cat-3、Est-1、α-Amy-1、α-Amy-4、Ldh-2、Alp-1和Alp-3共9个座位表现为多态,4个群体的多态座位百分数(P0.99)均为32.14%,平均每个座位等位基因有效值Ae为1.283 0~1.297 9,平均预期杂合度He为0.146 2~0.155 6,平均观察杂合度Ho为0.273 8~0.278 3,遗传距离D为0.000 4~0.001 8。4个群体的聚类分析表明,莱州湾和大连群体亲缘关系最近,而象山群体与其他3个群体遗传距离较远。实验结果表明,日本蟳遗传多样性处于较高水平,种质资源维持良好,有利于其种质资源的开发及遗传改良等工作的开展。  相似文献   

3.
采用微卫星法,利用11对微卫星引物对黑龙江省松花江流域、吉林省图们江支流红旗河流域、吉林省白山市鸭绿江流域及吉林省图们江支流密江流域随机采集的94尾细鳞鱼样本进行遗传多样性分析,探讨4个不同流域细鳞鱼群体的遗传多样性差异及其亲缘关系。结果显示,4个群体共检测到等位基因147个,各群体有效等位基因数为1.6541~2.4143,平均观测杂合度为0.3849~0.5186,平均期望杂合度为0.3488~0.5003,4个群体平均多态信息含量为0.3320~0.4704。亲缘关系分析显示,红旗河流域群体与密江流域群体遗传距离最小(0.0954),亲缘关系最近。松花江流域群体与其他3个群体的遗传距离较大,亲缘关系较远。群体间相似指数在0.7112以上,相似性较高。  相似文献   

4.
采用微卫星技术,用9对微卫星引物对4个鲫鱼群体普通鲫鱼(C.auratus auratus)、红鲫(C.suratus red var)、白鲫(C.auratus cuvieri)和彭泽鲫(C.auratus auratus var.Pengze)的遗传多样性及亲缘关系进行研究。结果表明,4种鲫鱼的平均遗传杂合度值在0.607~0.721,其中自鲫0.721、红鲫0.652、彭泽鲫0.629、鲫鱼0.607;平均多态信息含量值在0.530~0.670,其中自鲫0.670、红鲫0.586、彭泽鲫0.549、鲫鱼0.530。由此可见,4个鲫鱼群体的遗传多样性总体水平较高,但白鲫的遗传多样性最高,鲫鱼的遗传多样性最低。在4种鲫鱼群体间,鲫鱼和白鲫群体间的遗传相似性指数最小(0.714),遗传距离值最大(0.286),说明这两种群体亲缘关系较远;白鲫与红鲫群体间遗传相似性指数最大(0.812),遗传距离值最小(0.188),这可推断白鲫与红鲫亲缘关系较近。聚类分析结果表明,白鲫和红鲫亲缘关系较近,而鲫鱼和彭泽鲫亲缘关系较近。研究鲫鱼遗传多样性对鲫鱼种质资源的保护和遗传改良具有重要意义。  相似文献   

5.
龙虾(Panulirus)广泛分布于我国东南沿海的福建、广东、台湾等省。在福建沿海已发现中国龙虾(P.stimpsoni)、锦绣龙虾(P.ocnatus)和波纹龙虾(P.homarus)等。广东除上述几种外,尚有黄斑龙虾(P.polyphagus)、杂色龙虾(P.uersidolor)、密毛龙虾(P.penicillatus)和日本龙虾(P.japonicus)。  相似文献   

6.
何永琴  苏永全  毛勇  王军 《水产学报》2012,36(10):1520-1528
选用9个多态性微卫星分子标记,分析我国近海浙江舟山(ZS)、福建厦门(XM)、广东惠来(HLQ及HLB)、海南陵水(LS)及广西北海(BH)日本囊对虾6个群体2种形态变异类型群体间的遗传变异,探讨了日本囊对虾的种质资源状况。结果显示,9个位点在6个日本囊对虾群体中均为高度多态(PIC>0.5),共检测出235个等位基因;6个群体平均等位基因数在13.2~17.7;PIC平均值在0.851 2~0.903 5;平均观测杂合度(Ho)在0.729 6~0.788 9,平均期望杂合度(He)在0.880 5~0.925 1;表明群体遗传多样性水平较高。Hardy-Weinberg平衡检测显示,6个群体普遍存在杂合子缺失现象。分子变异方差分析(AMOVA)结果表明,遗传变异6.94%来自群体间,93.06%来自群体内。由ZS、XM和HLQ群体组成的形态变异类型Ⅰ与由HLB、LS和BH群体组成的形态变异类型Ⅱ之间的Fst均大于0.05,发生了中等程度的遗传分化;相同形态变异类型各群体间的Fst均小于0.05,遗传分化不明显。日本囊对虾群体间的遗传距离(DA)为0.178 5~0.621 8;UPGMA聚类分析表明,聚类关系符合距离隔离模式,BH群体和LS群体遗传距离最小,亲缘关系最近,它们首先聚在一起,然后与HLB群体聚为一支;XM群体和HLQ群体先聚在一起,再与ZS群体聚为另一支。  相似文献   

7.
中国五大湖三角帆蚌群体遗传多样性及亲缘关系的SSR分析   总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17  
采用微卫星技术,将9对微卫星引物用于我国五大淡水湖三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)群体,即鄱阳湖(PY)、洞庭湖(DT)、太湖(TH)、巢湖(CH)、洪泽湖(HZ )群体的遗传多样性及亲缘关系的研究。数据经TFPGA软件估算,分别完成不同群体位点的杂合度值、群体间遗传距离和相似指数计算及聚类分析,确立了5个群体间的亲缘关系。研究结果表明:(1)三角帆蚌5个群体的平均表观杂合度0.4964~0.5621,期望杂合度0.5540~0.6270,多态信息含量0.4061~0.4665,其中鄱阳湖群体遗传多样性最高,而洪泽湖群体最低。(2)五个群体遗传相似度在0.8947以上,遗传距离在0.0267~0.1113。聚类分析结果显示,鄱阳湖、巢湖与太湖聚在一起,亲缘关系较近,而洞庭湖群体与洪泽湖群体亲缘关系较近。(3)鄱阳湖三角帆蚌种质最好,并具有很好的育种潜力。  相似文献   

8.
三种体色黄鳝群体遗传多样性分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用线粒体Cyt b基因部分序列测序技术研究3种体色黄鳝Monopterus albus群体(深黄斑鳝、青黄斑鳝、青斑鳝)的遗传多样性与遗传差异。结果显示:三个群体黄鳝共有变异位点53个,单倍型36个;平均单倍型多样性分别为0.9153、0.7517、0.9457;平均核苷酸多样性分别为0.00426、0.00211、0.00601。群体间遗传分化指数(Fst)较小(0.00282~0.04970),分子方差分析(AMOVA)中仅有2.10%的变异来自群体间,表明三种不同体色黄鳝群体间未有明显遗传分化。群体遗传距离的聚类分析结果显示:深黄斑鳝与青黄斑鳝群体间亲缘关系最近,深黄斑鳝与青斑鳝亲缘关系最远。  相似文献   

9.
采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对取自长江中上游合川、木洞、涪陵、彭水、巫山、宜昌及岳阳7个江段的南方鲇(Silurus meridionalisChen)野生群体的遗传多样性进行了分析,24个随机引物共检测出327个位点(200~2500 bp)。各群体的多态位点比例在28.75%~48.62%之间,基因多样性指数为0.2047~0.3074。遗传距离显示长江中上游南方鲇各群体间有一定遗传分化,其中,木洞和合川群体间遗传距离最小为0.0537),而合川和岳阳群体间的遗传距离最大(0.1205),群体间遗传分化系数为0.1866。聚类分析(UPGMA)显示,7个群体聚为两大类群,合川和木洞亲缘关系最近,首先聚在一起,之后与彭水、涪陵、巫山群体相继聚类形成类群Ⅰ,岳阳和宜昌群体则聚类形成类群Ⅱ。Shannon指数分析表明,长江中上游南方鲇野生群体间种质资源状况良好,遗传多样性水平较高。  相似文献   

10.
中日沿海部分鱼类DNA条形码研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为明确日本及中国沿海部分鱼类的分类地位,测定了日本7目24科34属37种鱼类184条线粒体COI基因5′端652 bp序列,结合GenBank下载的日本和中国143条同源序列,共分析了7目24科35属40种327条鱼类DNA条形码。结果显示,40种鱼类的属内种间平均遗传距离(6.25%)是种内平均遗传距离(0.42%)的14.88倍,在邻接树上形成36个自展支持率为97%~99%的单系分支,支持其物种有效性。花鲈(Lateolabrax spp.)种内平均遗传距离为3.91%,在邻接树上形成了产自中国和日本的2个分支,分支间平均遗传距离(6.98%)是分支内平均遗传距离(0.49%)的14.2倍,支持前人将二者分为日本花鲈(L.japonicus)和中国花鲈(L.maculatus)的分类处理。白姑鱼(Pennahia argentata)种内遗传距离为2.01%,在邻接树上形成2个自展数据支持率为99%的分支,分支间平均遗传距离(3.28%)是分支内遗传距离(0.29%)的11.3倍,表明日本和中国的白姑鱼可能为2个亚种乃至2个种。赫氏高眼鲽(Cleisthenes herzensteini)和松木高眼鲽(C.pinetorum)混杂在一支上,种间平均遗传距离(0.32%)和种内平均遗传距离(0.23%)均在一般物种的种内遗传范围内,推测可能是鉴定错误,但不排除存在谱系拣选尚未完成的可能性。瓦氏■(Callionymus valenciennei)和饰鳍斜棘■(Repomucenus ornatipinnis)在邻接树上形成2个小分支,分支间平均遗传距离(1.97%)是分支内遗传距离(0.43%)的4.6倍,种间平均遗传距离为1.97%,推测可能为近期分化的2个亚种乃至2个种;由于■科鱼类个体细小,雌雄异形,形态差异显著,也不排除形态鉴定错误的可能。  相似文献   

11.
本文首次使用60Co-γ射线对长毛明对虾进行诱变,将性腺成熟的长毛明对虾(Fenneropenaeus penicillatus)分为四组进行不同剂量的60Co-γ射线照射,采用RAPD技术对诱变子代的无节幼体基因组DNA多态性进行了检测。遗传相似系数用Nei的计算方法进行计算,遗传距离则用Lynch的计算方法进行计算。从20个随机寡核苷酸引物共检测154个位点,其中多态位点103个,占66.9%。单个引物获得的标记为4~11个,平均7.7个,分子量在100~2500bp之间。计算得到的遗传相似系数变化范围在0.7995~0.8696之间,相应的遗传距离变化范围则在0.1397~0.2288之间。实验表明:诱变子代与正常对照组相比,遗传多样性水平较高,诱变产生了较为显著的变异。  相似文献   

12.
There is intense international interest in the development of spiny lobster aquaculture and of particular interest is the development of artificial diets for spiny lobsters. However, there is little information on the feeding behaviour of spiny lobsters and their ability to handle and consume artificial feeds of different dimensions. Observations of the feeding behaviour of juveniles of the spiny lobster Jasus edwardsii in culture found that they waste significant amounts of food through externally fragmenting the feed pellets before sweeping particles into the mouth. The consumption efficiency of different sized pellets was found to change markedly with increasing size of the juvenile lobsters. Up to 50% of artificial food was wasted by the inefficient feeding behaviour of the lobsters. However, consumption of the feed could be reduced by as much as 19% by altering pellet size. These results indicate that the size of feed pellets, and their consistency and fragmentation characteristics, will be critical aspects of cost‐effective feeding of cultured spiny lobsters.  相似文献   

13.
为评估增殖放流对日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)群体遗传多样性的影响,本研究分析了放流前捕捞渔获群体(FLQ)、放流后捕捞渔获群体(FLH)以及放流虾苗群体(FLXX)的遗传多样性水平。3个群体共测定了135尾日本囊对虾的线粒体D-loop序列,经比对分析确定测得的序列长度为938 bp,检测到237个变异位点,177个简约信息位点,定义了100种单倍型。经分析,核苷酸多样性指数由大到小依次为FLQ、FLH、FLXX,单倍型多样性指数大小为FLQ=FLHFLXX。AMOVA分析表明FLQ和FLH群体的遗传分化系数(F_(st))值为0.00629,其小于0.05,表明变异主要来自于群体内,且群体间无分化。FLH与FLXX的F_(st)值为0.08151(P0.01),其大于0.05,表明遗传变异大多发生在群体内,但群体间呈低度分化。Tajima’s D和Fu’s Fs中性检验结果均为负值,表明这3个群体偏离了中性模式,可能受到群体扩张和自然选择的作用。综上所述,增殖放流前后日本囊对虾群体均保持较高的遗传多样性水平,变异不存在显著性差异,且群体间无分化,说明增殖放流是目前维持日本囊对虾种质资源量较为有效的措施之一。  相似文献   

14.
Tail fan necrosis (TFN) is a common condition found in commercially exploited spiny lobsters that greatly diminishes their commercial value. Bacteria possessing proteolytic, chitinolytic and lipolytic capabilities were associated with TFN in spiny lobsters, Jasus edwardsii. In this study, 69 bacterial isolates exhibiting all the three enzymatic capabilities from the haemolymph and tail fans of J. edwardsii with and without TFN were further characterized and compared, including morphology, biofilm formation, antimicrobial activity, antimicrobial resistance, and production of siderophores, melanin and ammonia. The genomic patterns of the most common Vibrio crassostreae isolates were also compared between TFN‐affected and unaffected lobsters. Biofilm formation was stronger in bacterial isolates from both haemolymph and tail fans of TFN‐affected lobsters compared to those from the unaffected lobsters, while melanin production and siderophore production were stronger in the isolates from tail fans of lobsters with TFN. By contrast, the other characteristics of isolates were similar in lobsters with and without TFN. The Vib. crassostreae isolates from the affected lobsters had similar genomic patterns. Overall, the results indicate that in addition to proteolytic, chitinolytic and lipolytic activities, the bacteria associated with TFN commonly have enhanced activity of important virulence factors, including biofilm formation, melanin production and siderophore production.  相似文献   

15.
A two-chambered lobster trap was developed that in aquarium trials significantly (p < 0.01) reduced octopus predation on trap-caught spiny lobster. The trap was designed using information gained from an investigation of the behavioural interactions of the maori octopus (Octopus maorum) with traps used in the South Australian commercial lobster (Jasus edwardsii) fishery. This study showed that octopuses were primarily attracted to traps by the presence of bait as opposed to lobsters and that octopus entry into traps was ‘fortuitous’ and mediated by speculative exploration. The outer chamber of the modified trap contained bait and allowed entry by octopuses but not lobster and the inner chamber allowed access to both animals. The trap worked on the principle that octopuses would enter the outer chamber containing bait via a side entrance in preference to entry to the inner chamber containing lobsters via the neck. This was found to be the case and lobster mortality was 70% lower in the two-chambered trap than a standard trap. Successful adaptation of this trap design to commercial fishing conditions could significantly reduce rates of octopus predation on rock lobsters in several important southern hemisphere fisheries for spiny lobsters.  相似文献   

16.
Previous research on juvenile lobsters has shown that they display a nocturnal rhythm in their oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion, such that lobsters that are fed in the morning have shorter specific dynamic action (SDA) response than those lobsters that are fed at night. It was therefore suggested that juvenile lobsters should be fed in the morning to maximize energy utilization. This research tested the hypothesis that the growth of juvenile rock lobsters would be improved by feeding in the morning rather at night. Juvenile spiny lobsters Jasus edwardsii were fed a squid meal (5% body weight) either in the morning or at night over a period of 80 d. Lobsters fed in the morning had a 108% weight gain, an increase of 4.6 mm in carapace length and a growth rate (SGR) of 0.92%. These were significantly higher than the 78% weight gain, carapace length increase of 3.8 mm, and growth rate of 0.76% recorded for lobsters fed at night. Abdomen muscle protein and mid-gut gland lipid and glycogen content were similar after 80 d. The digestive gland index (DGI) was the same in lobsters exposed to the different feeding regime but had decreased compared with control lobsters at the start of the experiment. Morning-fed lobsters outperformed night-fed lobsters in all aspects of growth and survival, and it is suggested that commercial farmers feed their lobsters in the morning rather than at night. Because these growth differences were predicted from specific dynamic action measurements, it is concluded here that this technique would be useful for the rapid evaluation of the effectiveness of natural and artificial diets on lobster growth.  相似文献   

17.
Around the world there is strong interest in the aquaculture of spiny lobsters (family Palinuridae). However, there is little published information about the economic feasibility of spiny lobster aquaculture. For more than 20 yr there has been experimental grow out of the spiny lobster Jasus edwardsii in New Zealand in land-based systems using seed animals (puerulus) taken from the wild. These studies provide sufficient information on growth, mortality, food conversion, handling and capital costs to enable an assessment of the economic feasibility of the commercial culture of spiny lobsters in temperate waters. This assessment suggests that profitable spiny lobster aquaculture will rely on greatly reducing the infrastructure and operating costs of land-based farming operations, as well as lowering feed and labor costs. Financial simulations suggest that increasing productivity through faster growth rates and lowered culture mortalities will only have a minor effect on profitability unless infrastructure and operating costs can be reduced significantly. Seacage culture or sea ranching of spiny lobsters may offer a means of avoiding high infrastructure costs associated with land-based farming operations. The development of a cost-effective artificial feed would also appear to be a priority for improving the economic outlook for culturing spiny lobsters. The results of this study are relevant to the economics of spiny lobster culture developments in other temperate regions of the world.  相似文献   

18.
In an 8‐week growth experiment, juvenile spiny lobsters (Panulirus ornatus) grew best on a feed containing at least 610 g kg?1 crude protein on a dry matter basis (DM) and a digestible protein to digestible energy ratio of 29.8 mg kJ?1. The study entailed a six treatment by four replicate randomized block experiment with 222 wild‐caught P. ornatus of mean initial weight (±SD) of 2.5 ± 0.19 g. The lobsters were fed one of five isolipidic feeds (approximately 130 g kg?1 DM) in which the crude protein was serially incremented between 330 and 610 g kg?1 DM, or a reference diet comprising the flesh of frozen green‐lip mussels. Lobsters fed the pelleted feeds had high survival (79 ± 4.5%) and responded to increasing dietary crude protein content with progressively higher growth rates, with the daily growth coefficient improving from 0.72% day?1 with 330 g kg?1 crude protein to 1.38% day?1 with 610 g kg?1 crude protein. Both growth rate and survival were low with the mussel diet (0.80% day?1and 41 ± 4.5%, respectively). These results demonstrate that tropical spiny lobsters grow well when fed high‐protein, high lipid, pelleted feeds, but feeding on a sole diet of freshly thawed green‐lip mussels was unsatisfactory.  相似文献   

19.
The destructive and illegal practice of using chemicals (bleach, dishwashing liquid, gasoline) to catch spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) is thought to be common throughout much of the Bahamian Archipelago. Injection of a chemical irritant into a lobster den will result in either a rapid escape response or a subduing effect, both of which make it easier to capture spiny lobster. We used both laboratory and field trials to determine the efficacy of a starch-iodide swab technique to identify lobsters that had been exposed to bleach solution (NaOCl). All lobsters exposed to bleach tested positive immediately following exposure and for varying periods thereafter. No false positives were detected on control lobsters. The average length of time that bleach remained detectable on the exoskeleton was 6.2 and 9.6 h in the laboratory and field, respectively, with some individuals testing positive 12 h after exposure. The swab technique will provide fishery officers with a powerful tool to reduce or eliminate the illegal use of bleach for harvesting spiny lobster.  相似文献   

20.
The commercial aquaculture of spiny lobsters is impeded by the development of effective practical diets, which is partly due to a lack of knowledge of the digestive capabilities and nutritional needs of these species. Carbohydrates have the potential to provide a low cost energy source in practical diets for spiny lobsters. This research investigated the effect of algal carbohydrates, on the growth of juvenile rock lobsters. Juvenile lobsters, Jasus edwardsii, (10-12 mm carapace length) were provided with one of five diets; blue mussel, squid (Nototodarus gouldii), or a mussel diet partially substituted with algal carbohydrates, either agar, carrageenan or alginate over 80 days in culture. In all treatments, diet consumption and lobster growth were maintained or increased over time. Growth was highest for the mussel diet followed by the agar diet. Similar lobster growth occurred on the carrageenan and alginate diets, with the least on the squid diet. After 80 d there were significant differences in the percent lipid and glycogen stored in the mid-gut gland with highest levels of glycogen in lobsters fed the mussel only diet. Percent protein in the tail muscle was greatest for mussel fed lobsters. The mid-gut index (mid-gut weight/whole wet weight) was highest for the mussel only diet and this was similar to control lobsters at the start of the experiment. The results indicate that glycogen from mussels and agar could be used as carbohydrate source in the future development of a practical diet for spiny lobsters.  相似文献   

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