哲罗鱼人工繁育在辽宁省首次取得成功

<正>哲罗鱼(Hucho taimen)是鲑科哲罗鱼属的冷水性鱼类,也是我国大型的名贵冷水性鱼类之一。辽宁省哲罗鱼养殖始于2010年,是利用参加的农业行业专项"冷水性鱼类产业化研究与示范"项目而开展的科研内容之一。至2016年底,对引进的哲罗鱼发眼卵或鱼苗开展了养殖试验研究,掌握了哲     

哲罗鱼小瓜虫病的防治

哲罗鱼[Huchotaimen（Pallas）]又称太门哲罗鱼，属鲑形目、鲑科、哲罗鱼属，是我国大型的土著名贵冷水性鱼类。哲罗鱼具有生长速度快、易驯化等优良特性，是较好的冷水性鱼类养殖品种。2008年，哈尔滨市农业科学院引进哲罗鱼苗进行人工养殖，并对其患有的小瓜虫病进行治疗，取得了较为理想的效果。     

细鳞鱼、哲罗鱼人工育苗及养殖技术项目试验初报

细鳞鱼BrqchymystqxLenok(Pallas)哲罗鱼Huchotajmen(Pallas)分别属鲑科,细鳞鱼属和哲罗鱼属,素以肉味鲜美名贵于市,曾是黑龙江流域重要的经济鱼类。由于人为因素的干扰和自然生态环境的改变,使两种鱼的分布区域日趋缩小,种群数量急剧减少,早在20年前即已形不成经济产量。为了促进珍稀名贵鱼类的资源保护和丰富冷水性鱼类养殖品种,牡丹江市水产局承担了国家水产技术推广总站下达的《细鳞鱼、哲罗鱼人工育苗及养殖技术》项目攻关课题。经1998年一年的实施,在亲鱼采     

哲罗鱼人工养殖过程中常见疾病的防治

哲罗鱼又称太门哲罗鱼,属鲑形目、鲑科、哲罗鱼属,是我国大型的土著名贵冷水性鱼类。该鱼生长速度快、易驯化、肉味鲜美、品质上乘,是优质的养殖品种。近年来哈尔滨市农业科学院水产研究分院引进了哲罗鱼鱼苗,在温室内进行人工养殖。养殖过程中哲罗鱼患过几种常见疾病,经过治疗,效果显著。笔者针对九种常见疾病及其治疗方法进行简单总结,供大家参考。     

哲罗鱼即食食品加工工艺

正哲罗鱼(Hucho taimen Pallas),又称太门哲罗鱼,属于鲑形目,鲑科,哲罗鱼属,是我国大型的名贵冷水性鱼类。哲罗鱼肉质细腻,味道鲜美可口,营养价值高,富含蛋白质,是目前极具开发潜力的淡水品种。近几年哲罗鱼的研究主要集中在养殖技术、亲鱼运输及营养成分等方面,对哲罗鱼产品精深加工研究未见报道。本研究对哲罗鱼即食食品加工进行尝试,探索加工工艺,现已制做鱼头罐头、烟熏鱼、鱼松、鱼丸、鱼油、鱼钙骨粉等便食食品,以     

供应细鳞鱼 大麻哈 勃氏雅罗鱼苗

<正>在吉林长白山原始森林里的清澈河流中,生存着细鳞鱼、哲罗鱼、红点鲑、茴鱼等多种珍稀冷水性鱼类,流入日本海的图们江每年出产勃氏雅罗鱼(滩头鱼)和出产从北太平洋洄游来的5-15公斤重的三种大麻哈,它们为我国开展冷水性鱼类养殖、开发盐碱水域及海水养殖"三文鱼"提供了宝贵的种质资源。细鳞鱼(Brachymystax Lenok),国家二级保护动物,名贵冷水性鱼类,仅一属一种,原分布于我国华北、东北山区河流中。渔场每年4月提供受精卵,6月开始供应鱼苗。     

供应细鳞鱼 大麻哈 勃氏雅罗鱼苗

正在吉林长白山原始森林里的清澈河流中,生存着细鳞鱼、哲罗鱼、红点鲑、茴鱼等多种珍稀冷水性鱼类,流入日本海的图们江每年出产勃氏雅罗鱼(滩头鱼)和出产从北太平洋洄游来的5—15公斤重的三种大麻哈,它们为我国开展冷水性鱼类养殖、开发盐碱水域及海水养殖"三文鱼"提供了宝贵的种质资源。细鳞鱼(Brachymystax Lenok),国家二级保护动物,名贵冷水性鱼类,仅一属一种,原分布于我国华北、东北山区河流中。渔场每年4月提供受精卵,6月开始供应鱼苗。     

哲罗鱼人工养殖技术

哲罗鱼(Hucho taimen)又称哲罗鲑,属鲑形目、鲑科、哲罗鱼属,是我国珍稀名贵冷水性鱼类,为黑龙江名优鱼类"三花五罗"之一。近20年来,由于森林植被破坏、过渡捕捞等因素,仅黑龙江省的乌苏里江和呼玛河水系以及新疆哈纳斯湖生存着很小的繁殖群体,其他水域很难见到。哲罗鱼是个体最大、生长速度最快的鲑科鱼类,性成     

乌苏里江下游海青江段哲罗鱼渔业生物学研究

哲罗鱼Huchotaimen (Pallas)又称哲罗鲑 ,属鲑形目 ,鲑科 ,属名贵冷水性鱼类 ,为北方山地区系复合体。地理分布于伏尔加河至黑龙江流域。在我国分布于黑龙江中、上游 ,乌苏里江、嫩江上流 ,牡丹江、松花江上游 ,镜泊湖的山区溪流 ,新疆的额尔齐斯河 ,哈纳斯湖。以乌苏里江、黑龙江上游的数量较多 ,为黑龙江水系冷水性经济鱼类。近些年来 ,由于种群数量稀少 ,被列入《中国濒危动物鱼类红皮书》 ,属国家Ⅱ级保护动物。为了研究其渔业资源现状 ,保护其鱼类种质资源提供科学依据 ,我们根据国家科技部下达的“我国内陆冷水性鱼类渔业资源调查”…     

供应细鳞鱼 大麻哈 勃氏雅罗鱼苗

正在吉林长白山原始森林里的清澈河流中,生存着细鱗鱼、哲罗鱼、红点鲑、茴鱼等多种珍稀冷水性鱼类,流入日本海的图们江每年出产勃氏雅罗鱼(滩头鱼)和出产从北太平洋洄游来的5—15公斤重的三种大麻哈,它们为我国开展冷水性鱼类养殖、开发盐碱水域及海水养殖"三文鱼"提供了宝贵的种质资源。细鳞鱼(Brachymystax Lenok),国家二级保护动物,名贵冷水性鱼类,仅一属一种,原分布于我国华北、东北山区河流中。渔场每年4月提供受精卵,6月开始供应鱼苗。     

Protein and amino acid composition from the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris exposed to prolonged starvation

Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg^?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg^?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg^?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.     

美人鱼发光杆菌对凡纳滨对虾非特异性 免疫功能及抗病力的影响

在基础饲料中分别添加0.1%和1%美人鱼发光杆菌灭活菌、0.1%美人鱼发光杆菌活菌配制成3种免疫实验饲料,以基础饲料为空白对照组饲料,每组设3个平行样。对个体质量为(4.83±0.36)g的凡纳滨对虾进行为期20 d的饲养实验,分别在0、5、10、15和20d进行取样,以血清中的酚氧化酶(PO)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和溶菌酶(UL)活性为免疫指标,探讨了美人鱼发光杆菌作为免疫制剂对凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫效应的影响;在投喂免疫饲料后的第22天,按0.004 2 kg/kg体重的剂量,直接投喂对虾白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)病料,并记录累积死亡率。结果表明,美人鱼发光杆菌免疫实验组对凡纳滨对虾血清中PO、ACP、AKP、UL和SOD活性影响明显高于对照组,并且在饲料中添加美人鱼发光杆菌后,明显提高了对虾抵御WSSV感染的能力。其中0.1%美人鱼发光杆菌活菌实验组的抗病毒感染能力最强,WSSV感染14d内累计死亡率为63.3%±5.8%;而对照组为96.7%±3.3%。研究表明,美人鱼发光杆菌添加在对虾饲料中能提高凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫水平,增强抵抗疾病的能力,将其作为对虾免疫增强剂具有良好的应用前景。     

Effects of Spirulina platensis as a feed additive on growth and coloration of blue dolphin cichlids (Cyrtocara moorii Boulunger, 1902)

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of replacing fish meal with dietary Spirulina as a feed supplement on the growth performance and coloration of blue dolphin cichlids (Cyrtocara moorii). Five isonitrogenous (47% crude protein) and isocaloric (17.36 kJ/g digestible energy) diets were for formulated to replace FM with 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% Spirulina (designated as Control, SP5, SP10, SP15 and SP20 respectively) and fed to the fish (initial body weight, 3.15 ± 0.01 g). Fish were randomly distributed into fifteen 120 L aquariums (26.5 ± 1.00°C), 15 fish per aquarium. The diets were tested in triplicate for 12 weeks. Experimental groups were fed twice daily (09:00 and 17:00) by hand to satiation. At the end of the feeding trial, significantly (p < 0.05) higher weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) were observed in fish fed the SP10 diet when compared to the SP20 diet. There was no significant difference in these parameters between the other groups. The skin coloration of blue dolphin cichlid fed a diet containing Spirulina meal was enhanced. The best coloration was observed in the SP15 group. These impressions were objectively validated by chemical determinations of carotenoids extracted from fish skins and passed statistical tests of significance. The study findings show that Spirulina meal does not diminish growth rates except at very high levels.     

Sea bream culture in Egypt; status, constraints and potential

Marine fish farming in Egypt began in 1976 with the culture of gilthead sea bream, (Sparus aurata) as this fish was notably adaptable to brackish and marine pond conditions. Today, marine fish and shrimp farms amount to about 19,000 ha, out of which 42% is already in production while the rest, i.e., 58% is still under construction. In 1997, cultured gilthead sea bream production of 2,250 tons made up 3% of the 75,000 tons total aquaculture catch. In polyculture, usually with the grey mullet and sea bass, gilthead sea bream contributed 440 kg ha^–1 to the total yield of 1,700 kg ha^–1 (26%) over a period of 16 months. For the same period, the yield of monoculture ponds averaged 100 kg ha^–1, while in marine cages, yields ranged from 4–10 kg m³. In 1996–1997, fry of 0.25–1 g and fingerlings 1–10 g with a total of 3 million, were collected from the wild and 1 million fry were produced in the three marine hatcheries out of the four existing ones. The development of sea bream culture in Egypt is now severely inhibited by the shortage of seeds and adequate feeds. Exports of both sea bream and sea bass, during 1994–1996 averaged 1,300 tons per year.     

Dietary thiamin and pyridoxine requirements of fingerling Indian major carp,Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton)

Two experiments were conducted to quantify the dietary thiamin (experiment I) and pyridoxine (experiment II) requirements of fingerling Cirrhinus mrigala for 16 weeks. In experiment I, dietary thiamin requirement was determined by feeding seven casein–gelatin‐based diets (400 g kg^?1 CP; 18.69 kJ g^?1 GE) with graded levels of thiamin (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 mg kg^?1 diet) to triplicate groups of fish (6.15 ± 0.37 cm; 1.89 ± 0.12 g). Fish fed diet with 2 mg kg^?1 thiamin had highest specific growth rate (SGR), protein retention (PR), RNA/DNA ratio, haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Hct), RBCs and best feed conversion ratio (FCR). However, highest liver thiamin concentration was recorded in fish fed 4 mg thiamin kg^?1 diet. Broken‐line analysis of SGR, PR and liver thiamin concentrations exhibited the thiamin requirement in the range of 1.79–3.34 mg kg^?1 diet (0.096–0.179 μg thiamin kJ^?1 gross energy). In experiment II, six casein–gelatin‐based diets (400 g kg^?1 CP; 18.69 kJ g^?1 GE) containing graded levels of pyridoxine (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mg kg^?1 diet) were fed to triplicate groups of fish (6.35 ± 0.37 cm; 1.97 ± 0.12 g). Fish fed diet containing 6 mg kg^?1 pyridoxine showed best SGR, FCR, PR, RNA/DNA ratio, Hb, Hct and RBCs, whereas maximum liver pyridoxine concentration was recorded in fish fed 8 mg kg^?1 dietary pyridoxine. Broken‐line analysis of SGR, PR and liver pyridoxine concentrations reflected the pyridoxine requirement from 5.63 to 8.61 mg kg^?1 diet. Data generated during this study would be useful in formulating thiamin‐ and pyridoxine‐balanced feeds for the intensive culture of this fish.     

A Minchinia mercenariae‐like parasite infects cockles Cerastoderma edule in Galicia (NW Spain)

The cockle Cerastoderma edule fishery has traditionally been the most important shellfish species in terms of biomass in Galicia (NW Spain). In the course of a survey of the histopathological conditions affecting this species in the Ria of Arousa, a haplosporidan parasite that had not been observed in Galicia was detected in one of the most productive cockle beds of Galicia. Uni‐ and binucleate cells and multinucleate plasmodia were observed in the connective tissue mainly in the digestive area, gills and gonad. The parasite showed low prevalence, and it was not associated with abnormal cockle mortality. Molecular identification showed that this parasite was closely related to the haplosporidan Minchinia mercenariae that had been reported infecting hard clams Mercenaria mercenaria from the Atlantic coast of the United States. The molecular characterization of its SSU rDNA region allowed obtaining a fragment of 1,796 bp showing 98% homology with M. mercenariae parasite. Phylogenetic analysis supported this identification as this parasite was clustered in the same clade as M. mercenariae from the United States and other M. mercenariae‐like sequences from the UK, with bootstrap value of 99%. The occurrence of M. mercenariae‐like parasites infecting molluscs outside the United States is confirmed.     

Rare serotype occurrence and PFGE genotypic diversity of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from tilapia in China

Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.     

A novel approach to denitrification processes in a zero-discharge recirculating system for small-scale urban aquaculture

This paper presents an innovative process to solve the nitrate build-up problem in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). The novel aspects of the process lie in a denitrification bioreactor system that uses solid cotton wool as the primary carbon source and a unique degassing chamber. In the latter, the water is physically stripped of dissolved gaseous O₂ (by means of a Venturi vacuum tube), and the subsequent denitrification becomes more efficient due to elimination of the problems of oxygen inhibition of denitrification and aerobic consumption of cotton wool. The cotton wool medium also serves as a physical barrier that traps organic particles, which, in turn, act as an additional carbon source for denitrification. Operation in the proposed system gives an extremely low C/N ratio of 0.82 g of cotton wool/g of nitrate N, which contributes to a significant reduction of biofilter volume. The additional advantage of using solid cotton wool as the carbon source is that it does not release organic residuals into the liquid to be recycled. Operation of the system over a long period consistently produced effluents with low nitrate levels (below 10 mg N/l), and there was only a very small need to replace system water. The overall treatment scheme, also incorporating an aerobic nitrification biofilter and a granular filtration device, produced water of excellent quality, i.e., with near-zero levels of nitrite and ammonia, a sufficiently high pH for aquaculture, and low turbidity. The proposed system thus provides a solution for sustainable small-scale, urban aquaculture operation with a very high recovery of water (over 99%) and minimal waste disposal.     

Fertilization by refrigerator stored sperm of the Indian major carp, Labeo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822)

This study reports on the spermatological properties, and on the development of a protocol for refrigerator storage (4°C) of Labeo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822) sperm for artificial breeding. Volume, motility, concentration and pH of the freshly collected sperm were 2.21 ± 0.53 (μL g^?1 of fish weight) (mean ± SD), 95 ± 1 (%), 1.93 ± 0.44 × 10⁹ (cells mL^?1) and 7.56 ± 0.17 respectively. Sperm activation was evaluated at different osmolalities of NaCl solution, and motility ceased completely when osmolality of the extender was ≥287 mOsmol kg^?1. Sperm retained motility for 24, 72 and 108 h, after refrigerator storage when sperm were undiluted, suspended in Alsever's solution and suspended in Alsever's solution containing 5% methanol respectively. Fertilization rate of fresh eggs with sperm stored at 4°C in Alsever's solution and Alsever's solution containing 5% methanol was 77% and 60% with a hatching rate of 60% and 43% respectively. The fertilization and hatching success of the stored sperm suggests potential to use refrigeration for transporting genetic material to hatcheries for artificial breeding of L. calbasu in Bangladesh.