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1.
史氏鲟、西伯利亚鲟及其杂交种群体生化遗传学分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对史氏鲟、西伯利亚鲟及其正、反杂交种[即史氏鲟(♀)×西伯利亚鲟(♂)杂交种、史氏鲟(♂)×西伯利亚鲟(♀)杂交种]4个群体进行了9种同工酶表达分析。结果表明,史氏鲟的多态位点比例最低(20.00%),西伯利亚鲟及史氏鲟(♂)×西伯利亚鲟(♀)杂交种的多态位点比例最高,且相等(35.00%);群体平均杂合度期望值为0.1215~0.1744;聚类分析表明,史氏鲟、史氏鲟(♀)×西伯利亚鲟(♂)杂交种聚为同一分支,西伯利亚鲟、史氏鲟(♂)×西伯利亚鲟(♀)杂交种聚为另一分支。  相似文献   

2.
几种杂交鲟水库网箱养殖对比试验   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
选择两杂交(史氏鲟♀×西伯利亚鲟♂)、小杂交(小体鲟♀×史氏鲟♂)、三杂交(史氏鲟♀×国外杂交鲟♂)、俄罗斯杂交(史氏鲟♀×俄罗斯鲟♂)、反杂交(西伯利亚鲟早×史氏鲟♂)、大杂交(西伯利亚鲟♀×达氏鳇♂)进行了网箱养殖对比试验,选择两种国产鲟鱼饲料进行了试验对比,根据试验数据,计算成活率、饵料系数、公斤鱼的饲料成本、饲料经济效率、饲料蛋白质效率、群体相对增重率和群体重量生长率等相关经济技术指标,结果表明:两杂交、大杂交、反杂交、小杂交均体现出了较好的养殖效果,而三杂交、俄罗斯杂交则存在一定的问题.饲料对比结果A料的饲料蛋白质效率、群体相对增重率和群体重量生长率优于B料,但饲料经济效率不如B料.  相似文献   

3.
<正>鲟鱼是现存起源最早的脊椎动物之一,隶属于硬骨鱼纲、辐鳍亚纲、软骨硬鳞总目、鲟形目。通常所说的鲟鱼就是鲟形目鱼类。我国养殖的鲟鱼品种主要有西伯利亚鲟、史氏鲟、达氏鳇及其杂交种,其中年产量最大的是史氏鲟和西伯利亚鲟。鲟鱼是极具营养价值、经济价值和观赏价值的亚冷水性鱼类,由其鱼籽制成的鱼籽酱更是享誉国  相似文献   

4.
用生物化学方法测定施氏鲟Acipenser schrenckii、大杂交鲟A.schrencki i(♂)×Huso dauricus(♀)及西伯利亚鲟A.baeri成熟卵子及体腔液的酶、维生素、微量元素及氨基酸组成和含量。结果表明:施氏鲟与大杂交鲟的卵径显著大于西伯利亚鲟(P<0.05)。吸水后大杂交鲟的卵径显著大于施氏鲟和西伯利亚鲟(P<0.05)。大杂交鲟卵中谷草转氨酶(GOT,2.83U·g-1)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP,0.69 U·g-1)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP,0.81 U·mg-1)含量最高,均无显著性差异(P>0.05),仅西伯利亚鲟卵内琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)的活力显著升高(P<0.05)。3种鲟鱼卵与体腔液中蛋白质、微量元素及维生素组成差异显著。大杂交鲟体腔液内的ACP活力显著高于施氏鲟体腔液内的ACP活力(P<0.05)。西伯利亚鲟(0.51±0.16μmol·g-1)卵内的Fe含量显著高于施氏鲟(0.35μmol·g-1)和大杂交鲟(0.42±0.12μmol·g-1),而体腔液内均未检测到Fe和Zn,但体腔液中Vc(4.00±2.44μg·L-1)含量显著低于大杂交鲟(5.58±1.53μg·L-1)和施氏鲟(5.47±2.32μg·L-1)(P<0.05)。3种鲟鱼卵及体腔液内的酶、微量元素、维生素等组成相同,但SDH和ACP活力、Fe和Vc含量存在组织和种间差异,在亲鱼培育时应区别培育。  相似文献   

5.
在冷泉水养殖条件下进行史氏鲟和杂交鲟(史氏鲟♀×西伯利亚鲟♂)鱼种的饲养试验,史氏鲟和杂交鲟鱼种的平均体重分别为(2.51±0.57)g和(2.16±0.33)g;平均全长分别为(6.55±0.69)cm和(6.11±0.33)cm;试验期水温为18~22℃。经70 d人工培育,投喂含48%粗蛋白的人工配合饲料,史氏鲟和杂交鲟鱼种的平均体重分别达到(22.25±5.53)g和(26.19±6.16)g,平均全长分别达到(13.87±0.61)cm和(14.17±0.77)cm。杂交鲟鱼种平均体重和平均全长特定生长率均高于史氏鲟。以Bertalanffy非线性生长模型算得的史氏鲟和杂交鲟鱼种体重生长拐点分别为67 d和71 d,全长生长拐点日龄分别为30 d与33 d;全长生长拐点的出现先于体重拐点;杂交鲟鱼种体重和全长生长拐点比史氏鲟鱼种分别推迟4 d和3 d,杂交鲟鱼种全长生长增速持续时间大于史氏鲟鱼种。  相似文献   

6.
通过对西伯利亚鲟(Acipenser baeri)、施氏鲟(Acipenser schrenckii)及其杂交种(西伯利亚鲟♀×施氏鲟♂, Acipenser baerii♀ × A. schrenckii♂)的肌肉常规营养成分进行测定,同时进行氨基酸和脂肪酸的测定,从而对3种鲟鱼营养品质进行分析评价。结果显示,除水分含量外,杂交种肌肉中粗灰分、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量均高于其亲本西伯利亚鲟和施氏鲟,但均未达到显著差异(P>0.05);在3种鲟鱼肌肉中共检测出16种氨基酸,其中,包括7种必需氨基酸和4种鲜味氨基酸,杂交种(西伯利亚鲟♀×施氏鲟♂)肌肉中的氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量及鲜味氨基酸总量均高于其亲本西伯利亚鲟和施氏鲟。根据氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS),3种鲟鱼肌肉中第一限制氨基酸均为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸;第二限制氨基酸均为缬氨酸。另外,在杂交种肌肉中检测出亲本含有的18种脂肪酸外,还另外检测出4种脂肪酸,且杂交种肌肉中饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量均显著高于亲本(P<0.05)。在3种鲟鱼肌肉中饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量最高的分别为棕榈酸(C16:0)、油酸(C18:1n9c)和亚油酸(C18:2n6c)。研究表明,杂交种相比于亲本具有更高的食用价值和营养价值,从而具有更明显的生产优势。  相似文献   

7.
鲍迪  梁爱军  董莹  王淞  金万昆  董仕 《水产科学》2012,31(5):283-287
利用水平式淀粉凝胶电泳法对乌克兰鳞鲤(♀)×乌龙鲫四倍体(♂)、红鲫(♀)×乌龙鲫四倍体(♂)、红鲫(♀)×乌龙鲫二倍体(♂)、白鲫(♀)×墨龙鲤(♂)4组鲤鱼、鲫鱼杂交子代背侧肌肉组织的天冬氨酸转氨酶、α-甘油醛磷酸脱氢酶、葡萄糖磷酸异构酶、异柠檬酸脱氢酶、乳酸脱氢酶、苹果酸脱氢酶、磷酸葡萄糖变位酶及肌浆蛋白进行电泳分析,并测量了红细胞长径。红细胞测量结果表明,乌克兰鳞鲤(♀)×乌龙鲫四倍体(♂)、红鲫(♀)×乌龙鲫四倍体(♂)、红鲫(♀)×乌龙鲫二倍体(♂)杂交子代为三倍体,白鲫(♀)×墨龙鲤(♂)杂交子代为二倍体。4组杂交子代葡萄糖磷酸异构酶同工酶的基因组成结果显示,父本乌龙鲫四倍体和父本乌龙鲫二倍体均产生二倍体配子,且二倍体配子中1套为鲤鱼染色体组,1套为鲫鱼染色体组。  相似文献   

8.
鲟鱼养殖进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
世界鲟鱼品种约有29种,主要分布在亚洲、欧洲和北美洲。我国拥有鲟鱼9种,其中史氏鲟、中华鲟和达氏鳇为主要养殖品种。欧洲有鲟鱼9种,其中俄罗斯鲟、裸腹鲟、闪光鲟和欧洲鳇为主要品种。北美洲有鲟鱼11种,其中高首鲟、美洲鲟、中吻鲟和匙吻鲟为主要品种。我国已先后从欧洲引进了俄罗斯鲟、裸腹鲟、西伯利亚鲟、小体鲟、闪光鲟和鳇鲟,从北美洲引进了匙吻鲟和高首鲟。可望人工养殖成功后移入江、河、湖泊、水库等大水域中形成群体生产力。现将我国及世界主要鲟鱼品种人工养殖进展状况介绍如下。1中国鲟鱼养殖1.1史氏鲟史氏鲟亦称黑龙江鲟…  相似文献   

9.
杂交鲟为史氏鲟(♀)×鲟鳇(♂)杂交子一代(F1),在鲟鱼类养殖中生长速度快、养殖周期短的明显优势,深受我省养殖业者欢迎.养殖户每年从东北调进鲟鱼水花开展苗种培育以供养成.从养殖效果看,后期成鱼养殖较为理想,而苗种培育成活率偏低、"僵苗"比例偏高.2000年6月8日本人从黑龙江省调进杂交鲟水花6.25万尾,采用从室内不锈钢桶到室外水泥池二级培苗模式,经56d培育,8月2日清池计数,总尾数4.77万尾,成活率达76.3%,且完全转投配合饲料,获得较好培苗效果.现将其技术与操作方法介绍如下,供参考.  相似文献   

10.
三种鲟鱼的盐度驯化试验   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过连续递增盐度和阶段性递增盐度对史氏鲟、达氏鲟和杂交鲟(达氏鲟♀×史氏鲟♂)三种鲟鱼进行盐度试验,结果表明:采用阶段性递增盐度对史氏鲟和杂交鲟进行驯化,最终达到海域盐度(3 0‰),其死亡率分别为6.7%、3.3%和5.0%,对鲟鱼进行盐度驯化切实可行.  相似文献   

11.
12.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

16.
17.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

18.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

19.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

20.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

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