鱼类年龄鉴定研究概况

鱼类年龄鉴定是渔业资源评估的基础内容,经过长时间的发展,众多的方法被应用到这一领域。综述了目前应用较广泛的一些年龄鉴定方法,包括硬组织鉴定法和长度分析法两大部分方法,并分析了它们的优点和缺点。目前,鱼类年龄鉴定工作中存在的主要问题有:鉴定方法的精确度不高;鉴定方法多数较冗繁,耗时耗力;鱼类年龄鉴定未经标准化。有鉴于此,有必要对各种鉴定方法进行校验。介绍了几种常用的年龄校验方法,并对其进行了分析。     

我国海参加工工艺研究现状

详细介绍了目前我国现存的海参加工方法：传统方法和新技术条件下的海参加工方法,旨在引导消费者合理食用海参,明确海参产品的功能因子和健康价值。海参产品的研发为传统健康产品的发展找到了新的突破点。     

我国鳗鱼养殖的几种主要方法及其发展前景

本文作者回顾了鳗鱼养殖的简史;介绍了目前我国养鳗的几种主要方法;并对各种养鳗方法进行比较概述。最后,作者对我国鳗养殖的发展前景作了分析和探讨。     

羔羊大肠杆菌病的诊断与防治

综述了大肠杆菌病的病原学、临床症状、流行病学、病理变化,总结了羔羊大肠杆菌的诊断和治疗方法,并结合目前生产实际提出了该病的防治对策。     

我国近岸海水富营养化现状及评价方法的研究探讨

海水富营养化的治理是目前的热点课题,而对富营养化状况做出合理评价是科学治理的前提条件。通过对海水富营养化评价方法的介绍,分析各种方法的特点并进行了探讨,为研究人员在海洋环境监测、富营养化评价及治理中选择评价方法提供了参考和依据。     

无公害渔药的安全使用

随着水产养殖方式由粗放型逐渐向集约型转换,为了提高产量,在水产养殖中大量使用饵料,导致了爆发性鱼病的泛滥,渔药的使用也越来越普遍,本文就目前渔药在使用过程中存在的主要问题和使用现状,提出了无公害渔药的概念,强调了渔药“以防为主,防治结合”的使用原则和渔药正确的使用方法。并将目前使用的渔药按来源分为了生物源、矿物源、有机合成渔药,列举了目前受到禁用的渔药,根据无公害渔药安全、高效、经济、方便等特点,提出了几种具有发展潜力的无公害渔药,包括被称为祖国医学瑰宝的中草药,目前正大量推广使用的新型保健渔药微生态制剂和对某些鱼病具有特效的疫苗。     

微孔增氧对准噶尔雅罗鱼越冬池主要水质指标的影响

目前,易地迁移保护和人工增殖放流是国内外普遍采用的保护珍稀、濒危水生生物物种的方法。为此,新疆水产科学研究所对准噶尔雅罗鱼已开展了为期4年的引种、驯化、繁育、苗种培育等事宜,目前原种亲鱼、子1代种鱼和苗种数量都已初具规模,但越冬模式没有相关报道。     

免疫层析快速诊断试纸条的制备及在养猪业上的应用

胶体金免疫层析技术是一种微量、特异、简便和结果容易判定的新的检测方法,非常适用于基层兽医和猪场。本文综述了免疫层析快速诊断试纸条的基本原理、制备方法、标记技术以及目前在养猪业上的应用情况。     

鸡产蛋下降综合征的诊断与防治

综述了鸡产蛋下降综合征的病原学、临床症状、流行病学、病理变化,总结了鸡产蛋下降综合征的诊断和治疗方法,并结合目前蛋鸡生产实际提出了该病的防治对策。     

调整渔业结构 迎接新世纪的挑战

本文阐述了知识经济时代对渔业发展的影响及我国目前的渔业发展现状和存在的问题,提出了调整我国渔业结构的几种方法和途径,以迎接新世纪的到来对我国渔业结构的挑战。     

Development of a rapid and accurate PCR-based detection method for commercially valuable green algal species

We developed a rapid and accurate PCR-based inspection technique for individual detection of five commercially important green algal species, Ulva linza, U. prolifera, U. intestinalis, U. compressa and Monostroma nitidum, all of which are controlled as import quota items in Japan. This analytical method has solved the general problem of PCR-based detection methods of being defenseless against false-negatives by application of a duplex PCR technique with an internal control band generated by a set of universal primers for green algal species. Due to the detection of small-sized PCR products of <250 bp lengths, the analytical method would be useful for deeply processed products and completes its quick PCR amplification within 45 min. The validity of the developed analytical method was proved by a pre-test using a total of 129 samples (12 imported products and 31 Japanese commercial products). This analytical method is a powerful tool for screening of commercial green algal products to discover the five controlled algal species and will allow inspection authorities, including the Customs Service, to improve their examination systems in terms of simplification, rapidity and cost-effectiveness.     

Development and validation of real-time PCR for the detection of Yersinia ruckeri

Yersiniosis (enteric red mouth disease) is a contagious bacterial disease caused by Yersinia ruckeri, which primarily affects salmonids. A real-time PCR assay using a molecular beacon has been developed and validated to improve the detection of the causative biotypes of Y. ruckeri. The assay, which targets the glnA (glutamine synthetase) gene, proved to have 100% analytical specificity and analytical sensitivities of 5 fg and 3 × 10(3) CFU g(-1) for DNA and seeded kidney tissue, respectively. The assay was highly repeatable with low % CV for intra- and inter-run experiments, and the optimized parameters transferred easily between different real-time PCR platforms. Following analytical validation, diagnostic specificity was determined using New Zealand farmed Chinook salmon (n = 750) from 10 farms during 2007/08. The real-time PCR was run in parallel with the bacterial culture detection method, and all fish tested were found to be negative by both methods for Y. ruckeri, resulting in 100% diagnostic specificity (95% confidence interval). The molecular beacon real-time PCR system is specific, sensitive, reproducible and a rapid method for the detection of Y. ruckeri and has the potential to be used for routine diagnostic testing, health certification and active surveillance programmes.     

水产品中替米考星残留量检测的条件优化

文章探讨了用高效液相色谱（HPLC）测定水产品中替米考星残留量的方法。通过对分析条件的优化，确定了最佳检测参数，并从提取和净化2个方面确立了前处理的最佳步骤与条件。通过验证不同基质试样的加标回收试验，结果显示，在20～200μg·kg-1的添加水平下回收率为77．22％～93．25％，相对标准偏差（RSD）小于5％，定量检出限（LOQ）为20μg·kg-1。分析结果表明，所建立的方法灵敏度高、准确性好且应用范围广，可用于日常水产品中替米考星残留量的检测分析。     

氢化物发生原子荧光法测定食品、水产品及饲料中硒的方法研究

应用ＡＦＳ－２２０１型双道原子荧光光谱仪对氢化物发生原子荧光法测定食品、水产品及饲料中微量元素硒的方法进行研究。采用改进的ＨＮＯ３－ＨＣＩＯ４湿式消解法消解样品，并对各种最佳分析进行探讨和验证。方法的检出限为０．４ｎｇ／ｍｌ，线性范围为０～４００ｎｇ／ｍｌ，回收率为８８．４％～９８．５％。用标准物质对照，其测定数据完全在标准值范围内，该方法具较多优点，适于各种含硒样品的测定。     

改良离子色谱法测定咸鱼中亚硝酸盐的研究

文章优化了现有国家标准成鱼中亚硝酸盐的离子色谱测定方法。咸鱼样品先经硝酸银（AgNO3）除去大部分氯离子（Cl-），IC-Ag预处理柱排除剩余Cl-的干扰，再用Ion Pac AS23（4mm×250mm）分析柱和Ion Pac AG23（4mm×50mm）保护柱，以4．5mmol·L-1碳酸钠（NaCO，）和0．8mmol·L-1碳酸氢钠（NaHCO，）的溶液为淋洗液，流速为1．0mL·min-1，抑制型电导检测器检测。结果显示，用该改良方法测定不同品种咸鱼亚硝酸根离子（NO2-）的线性范围为0．01～2．00mg·L-1，相关系数为0．9999，加标回收率为83．0％～101．6％，方法检出限为0．2mg·kg-1。该方法前处理简便、快速，能更加准确测定咸鱼制品的亚硝酸盐质量分数。     

Screening of quinalphos,trifluralin and dichlorvos residues in fresh water of aquaculture systems in Mekong Delta,Vietnam

To develop an easy and reliable method for detecting pesticides and their residues in the Mekong Delta, a GC‐MS analytical method was developed and validated according to European guidelines (SANTE/11945/2015) for the determination of residues of three pesticides (quinalphos, trifluralin and dichlorvos) in water. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.002 and 0.007 μg/L, respectively, for quinalphos and trifluralin, and 0.016 and 0.053 μg/L, respectively, for dichlorvos and quinalphos. The repeatability, the within‐laboratory reproducibility as well as the trueness met the European criteria. The recovery rate ranged between 72% (for dichlorvos and quinalphos) and 82% (for trifluralin). The developed method was then applied for the analysis of 33 water samples, collected in April 2013, at the beginning of the rainy season in the Mekong Delta in Vietnam. Thirteen samples were from rice field, 10 were collected from cat fish ponds and from red tilapia cages. Results showed that only 9% of total water samples analysed contained residues of pesticides, but only in water from rice fish systems. From the 13 samples taken in these systems, quinalphos was detected in three samples. The other two pesticides were not detected. A comparison between analytical results obtained from GC‐MS and an alternative method, that is GC‐ECD indicated that GC‐ECD is less sensitive than GC‐MS, with LOQ ranging from 0.37 to 1.18 (depending on the pesticide). However, for samples with concentrations above these LOQ, no significant difference was observed between the results obtained from the two analytical methodologies.     

水产品中镉两种测定方法的不确定度评定比较

为建立和比较水产品中镉含量测定不确定度评定的方法,分别采用石墨炉原子吸收法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定FAPAS质控样品T07279QC中镉的含量,分析不确定度的主要来源,建立水产品中镉测定的不确定度评定的数学模型,并计算两种方法的不确定度分量。试验结果表明,石墨炉原子吸收法不确定度主要来源于标准曲线拟合,而电感耦合等离子体质谱法主要来源于标准溶液配制,石墨炉原子吸收法测定镉含量的扩展不确定度高于电感耦合等离子体质谱法,两种方法测定质控样品T07279QC中镉的含量分别为(7.47±0.470) mg/kg和(7.53±0.376) mg/kg,两种方法的测定值均在质控样品参考值含量5.76~9.33 mg/kg内。     

A novel multiplex RT‐qPCR method based on dual‐labelled probes suitable for typing all known genotypes of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus

Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) is a notifiable fish disease, whose causative agent is a rhabdovirus isolated from a wide range of fish species, not only in fresh but also in marine and brackish waters. Phylogenetic studies have identified four major genotypes, with a strong geographical relationship. In this study, we have designed and validated a new procedure – named binary multiplex RT‐qPCR (bmRT‐qPCR) – for simultaneous detection and typing of all four genotypes of VHSV by real‐time RT‐PCR based on dual‐labelled probes and composed by two multiplex systems designed for European and American/Asiatic isolates, respectively, using a combination of three different fluorophores. The specificity of the procedure was assessed by including a panel of 81 VHSV isolates covering all known genotypes and subtypes of the virus, and tissue material from experimentally infected rainbow trout, resulting in a correct detection and typing of all strains. The analytical sensitivity was evaluated in a comparative assay with titration in cell culture, observing that both methods provided similar limits of detection. The proposed method can be a powerful tool for epidemiological analysis of VHSV by genotyping unknown samples within a few hours.     

高效液相色谱法测定卤虫无节幼体中精胺含量

本研究建立了高效液相色谱法测定卤虫无节幼体中精胺含量的方法。样品经5％三氯乙酸溶液提取,提取液采用丹璜酰氯柱前衍生,以甲醇一水为流动相,经C18反相色谱柱分离后用紫外检测器检测。精胺的线性范围为0．1～1000μg/ml,线性相关系数为0．9999,检出限为0．06μg/ml。3个添加浓度（0。1、1．0和5.0μg/m1）的平均回收率为86．3％～96.39/6,相对标准偏差皆小于59/6。采用此方法对卤虫中精胺进行检测,其精胺含量为0．077mg/g。本方法具有分析时间短、线性范围宽、灵敏度和精密度高等优点,适合于卤虫中精胺的检测．     

Multiresidue determination of antibiotics in aquaculture fish samples by HPLC–MS/MS

An analytical method based on HPLC with MS/MS detection was developed and optimized in order to determine the most useful antibiotics (sulphonamides and tetracyclines) used in aquaculture. A simple extraction procedure, without any clean‐up step, was evaluated in order to obtain maximum analyte recovery from fish samples (Sparus aurata). A mixture of methanol:water 70:30 (v/v)+1 mL EDTA 0.1 M was selected as optimum extractant solution. Because no matrix effects were observed, a standard calibration curve prepared in mobile phase was used for quantification purposes. Antibiotic‐free fish samples were spiked at different concentration levels and analysed by the optimized HPLC method. The average recoveries (n=6) obtained were satisfactory, ranging from 88% to 110% at 100 μg kg^?1. The proposed methodology provided limits of detection for the tested antibiotics in the 1.2–16 μg kg^?1 range, lower than 100 μg kg^?1, the maximum residue level established by the European Union. Finally, commercial fish samples from different origins were analysed in order to confirm the usefulness of the developed methodology.